Great fusion of heaven and earth

Chapter 108 The battle of orthodoxy for thousands of years
The rise of Legalism brought benefits to Confucianism. At least during this period, all branches of Confucianism except Luru had made great progress, at the turn of the Qin and Han Dynasties.

Li Si, a Confucian-born legalist, succeeded in eradicating the Yang Zhu School. Yang Zhu School, one of the three prominent schools in the world at that time, seemed to be at odds with Mohism and friendly with Confucianism, but in essence it was legalism. The number one enemy of the family.

Yang Zi has a complete set of measures to restrain the legalists. Yang Zi said: Living people are not allowed to rest, there are four accidents: one is longevity, two is fame, three is position, and the fourth is goods.

There are these four, fear of ghosts, fear of people, fear of power, and fear of punishment.People don't have food and clothing, and the monarch and ministers live in peace.Yang Zhu believes that if the desire is beneficial to my self-preservation, I will advocate it.If desires are easily exploited by rulers, they must be suppressed.Don't be greedy for money, don't be greedy for fame, don't be in the army, don't enter dangerous cities, and don't be loyal to the monarch.

The Legalists, on the other hand, used rewards and punishments to make the people die to be loyal to the monarch.Yang Zi can be said to be mad at Legalists.

Therefore, when the first emperor burned books, only the works of the Yang Zhu school were burned. It was not without reason, but Confucianism successfully became a political force in the Great Qin Dynasty by relying on its relationship with Li Si. In the process of burning books, the emperor did not lack this matter to add bricks and tiles.

Afterwards, when the first emperor enshrined Zen, the Confucians were responsible for the related etiquette. After the death of Qin Dynasty II, Confucianism began to claim that Confucianism and the Qin Dynasty had never been related. There was no relationship between us and no interest relationship. Yes, we have never served in the Qin Dynasty, and the teacher of Fusu, the eldest son of Shihuang, was a master of Confucianism-Chun Yuyue.

Not only that, but Qin Shihuang’s overall attitude towards various schools of thought was enlightened. For example, the “Ph.D. Discussion System” he created was to absorb schools of thought (mainly Confucianism) from the six countries to participate in the government, set up doctoral officers, and let them participate in the government. Government affairs, thus forming a council auxiliary government group.And Fusu's teacher, Chun Yuyue, is the leader of Qin Guo's doctoral group.

During this period, Confucianism and Legalism have the same goal, that is to kill Yang Zhu. Yang Zhu is the mortal enemy of Legalism, and he is not in line with Mencius, the top Confucianist, and has provoked Mohism, the pillar of Qin. And the peasant family, and the idea of ​​​​valuing yourself is not good for the unified country, so Yang Zhu became the first victim of the struggle for the right to speak in the world.

Up to now, there are only a few words left, and the one who died after that was the Mo family who was half disabled due to internal fighting.

Under the cooperation of Confucianism and Legalism, Mencius said during the Warring States Period that "the words of Yang Zhu and Mo Di pervade the world, and if the people in the world do not belong to Yang, they will belong to Mo", and they have gone offline.Then came the Confucianism and Legalism dispute.

As the dispute between Confucianism and Legalism in the Qin Palace intensified, some inappropriate remarks even appeared to ridicule the emperor and threaten his rule. Finally, Qin Shihuang had to make up his mind to burn books and bury Confucianism, and establish Legalism as the main force of the empire. ideology.

Of course, the source of this inappropriate remarks that ridiculed the emperor and threatened his rule was later Lu Ru, such as Chun Yuyue, the teacher of Fusu, who has been propagating that the Qin Dynasty should be separated, and this proposal is not supported within the entire empire. Yes, Wang Wan had already made this suggestion before he suggested it, but this suggestion was rejected by Li Si.

If it is said that Wang Wan's idea of ​​"enfeoffment" was considered for the Qin Dynasty system at the beginning, then after Li Si and others pointed out the disadvantages of enfeoffment, Chun Yuyue's idea made people feel that it was a seizure of power against "orthodox thinking".

Not to mention whether Li Si's reaction was too radical, but judging from the actual results, Li Si did take Chun Yuyue's remonstrance as a dangerous signal, and believed that it was a clarion call for other theories among the philosophers to attack Legalism.

Although Li Si was born in Confucianism and his teacher was Xunzi, he is indeed a legalist leader, especially after killing his fellow disciple Han Fei, the previous No. 1 legalist, he is a legalist No.1, Confucianism can still have a kind of incense when you are good to me and everyone is good to you, but now you are going to compete with me for orthodox thought?

That’s nothing to say, let’s tear it up. After burning the books, it’s cheating Confucianism. Of course, it’s not talking about cheating Confucianism at the time, but to hunt and kill alchemists who deceive the public. For example, there are more than 460 people including Lu Sheng and Hou Sheng in the East China Sea. Among them, Li Si filled in the names of Chun Yuyue and his disciples.

But later, because Li Si was afraid that Fusu would get rid of him, he played a show operation with Zhao Gao, pushing Hu Hai to the throne, and the result was that he played himself to death, but when he died, he took the last Mo family A descendant took them away together.

Since then, the two great scholars who were not Yang Jimo during the Warring States period have been cool together.

When Confucianism was fighting for hegemony between Chu and Han, there was a large-scale split, or there was no such thing as a unified Confucianism.

After Liu Bangqian overthrew Xiang Yu, the Confucian scholars in Ludi vowed to die and refused to surrender, wanting to celebrate their death.Liu Bang was furious when he heard the letter, so he led an army of 40 princes from all over the world to the land of Lu, saying that if the Lu people no longer knew the destiny and resisted stubbornly, once the army arrived, Lu would be razed to the ground.

These Confucian scholars of the Lu State, facing hundreds of thousands of murderous troops, did not surrender or resist. They just recited poems and books in the city, and performed rites and music, as if poetry, rites and music could repel millions of soldiers.

Faced with this special protest and his spirit of seeing death as home, Liu Bang was shocked. Is this the so-called state of etiquette and righteousness?I, Liu Bang, have learned the lesson.

After that, Liu Bang completely despised Confucianism, and the Huang-Lao school of Taoism took advantage of the serious damage to the vitality of Legalism, and when Confucianism almost killed itself because of Lu Ru's coquettish manipulation, it came to power, and Taoism once again became the orthodox thought of the country The last time I was with Lao Tzu, it could be said that all schools of thought came from Lao Tzu. It was Lao Tzu who broke the official monopoly on academia and promoted official learning to the people, so that all schools of thought were born.

However, the Huang-Lao theory is a Taoist theory. It is better to say that the Legalists put on a Taoist vest and pretended to be a Taoist. Compared with the Legalists in the pre-Qin period, the Huang-Lao theory is more moderate. His ideal political state It is "doing nothing", while "doing something" and "doing everything" are means, which are various "laws" in detail.

You read that right, Dao Fa, to put it bluntly, is nothing more than putting the Fa on a layer of clothes.

Immediately afterwards, Confucianism came to power again. You Legalists can wear vests, so I can also wear vests with Confucianism.

Dong Zhongshu's "divine authority of the monarchy" and "three cardinal guides and five permanent principles" and other things, under the brand of Confucianism, deified imperial power and divided class status, which completely catered to the ruling needs at that time.Therefore, "abandon all schools of thought, and only respect Confucianism", Confucianism has since come to power, and the rulers have given up "Huang Lao's learning".

But this kind of abandonment is just a political gesture, and Huang Lao's theory is still continued in his bones.The Western Han Dynasty began the method of "combining Confucianism and Legalism", which is essentially "Confucianism and Law".

This kind of thing has been played for thousands of years, but after the aristocratic family sang a cool song at the end of Tang Dynasty, the orthodox thought became the dominant Confucianism, which can be seen from Han Yu's teacher theory, "Witch doctor Musicians from a hundred schools of thought are not ashamed to ask."

I made a big fuss. From then on, it was really dismissed from all schools of thought, only respecting Confucianism, everything is low-grade, only those who study well, they began to suppress all schools of thought, the army must suppress it, because that It is the soil for the existence of military strategists and legalists. Taoism has changed from a school of thought to a pursuit of immortality, and it is not enough to attract foreign teachers to fight against him.

Finally, under their suppression, all schools of thought have become a thing of the past, and only Confucianism remains dominant. The orthodox dispute that has existed for thousands of years since the end of Qin Dynasty finally came to an end in the Northern Song Dynasty.Confucianism won and Zhu Xia lost.

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(End of this chapter)