Wanli Xinming

Chapter 249 Education
"Ma Junxian!" "Chaosheng, you passed the preparatory exam!"

On the square in front of the newly built Jingshi University Auditorium, Ma Junxian, the son of "Martyr Ma Wenying", was slapped on the shoulder by the middle-aged man beside him. to jump up.

Ma Junxian's eyes were red, and he bowed to the end and said, "Thank you, uncle. If there was no uncle to take care of him, how could my nephew be today?"

Uncle Ma Junxian smiled and said, "Cough, you and my nephew are talking politely. I was going to Beijing to see what the dim sum shop in the capital was doing."

After speaking, he wiped his face and said, "Thanks to Lord Hai Rui for guaranteeing you. Otherwise, you, the son of a criminal, would never have the chance to be admitted to Beijing Normal University. No matter what you do in the future, don't forget Lord Hai."

Ma Junxian nodded yes.Before the two of them were excited for a few minutes, a young man with a mustache with the emblem of Beijing Normal University on his chest came over and said, "Your name is Ma Junxian? Come, come here. Can you afford the tuition? Two years for preparatory courses, three years for college, ten years a year. Two. If you can't come up with it, come and fill out the work-study form."

Uncle Ma Junxian smiled and said, "Thank you, sir. I am this child's uncle, and his tuition is ready."

Ma Junxian stopped him and said, "My nephew has already spent too much on my uncle, and my nephew has already grown up, so there is no reason to use my uncle's money any more. Besides, I can't get tired of doing some chores—"

His uncle said: "How can there be such a reason! Chaosheng, you are here to study, not to work! Master Meng Hai will take care of you. You still have four acres of good paddy fields at home, so you can make some money. Don't work, uncle tuition It’s okay. Besides, when you enter this university in the future, you will be a student of the royal family. That’s a matter of honoring your ancestors! It’s just a matter of 50 taels before and after, so don’t make any noise.”

Seeing that he couldn't compete with his uncle, Ma Junxian had no choice but to obey.His uncle looked at the big list and said with jealousy: "Oh, I wish I was born ten years later, so I can come here for a while. I heard people say that the gentlemen here are all good at astronomy and geography. You can do the calculations with your fingers, everyone is like Grandpa Liu Bowen, if you can worship under the door, I don't know how much you can improve!"

Ma Junxian listened and looked at the place where he studied, with infinite longing in his eyes.

He saw his uncle turned slightly and bowed his hands in the direction of the Forbidden City: "I only hope that the emperor's grandfather will live long, so that we, the common people, will always have hope!"

On the first day of August in the tenth year of Wanli, the imperial court promulgated the "Edict of Universal Education" and "Administrative Regulations on Imperial Examinations".On the same day, the world's first truly comprehensive modern university, Daming Capital University, opened.Emperor Zhu Yijun attended the opening ceremony and delivered a speech.

In Daming, when basic education was not fully rolled out, the admission system of Jingshi University was based on the application test and recommendation system.Anyone who is interested in new scholars can enter the preparatory course or directly enter the Jingshi University by applying and taking the entrance examination.

In local prefectures and counties, those who have few talents and are under the age of 30 can be recommended by the local government for admission.The construction funds and operating funds of Jingshi University are all borne by the royal family, and have nothing to do with the imperial court.

But Jingshi University still has to charge tuition fees, which is also a precedent for official fee-based education.The scholars of the Ming Dynasty entered the stage of scholars and were divided into Gongsheng, Linsheng and Zengsheng. Gongsheng went to Guozijian without tuition fees, and there were subsidies for grain and rice; Linsheng and Zengsheng entered state and county schools without tuition fees. There is still Lumi to take, which is not without a small supplement for household use.

However, with the current national strength, it is impossible to support a modern education system that exempts tuition fees.Therefore, the "Edict on Universal Education" promulgated only in the tenth year of Wanli stipulated that for all school-age children, local governments should popularize three-year literacy education - knowing [-] simplified characters, mastering basic general knowledge and four arithmetic operations, this is early childhood education, this is Tuition fees for segment education are free.

After the early childhood education, primary schools, middle schools and even universities under construction in various provinces will collect tuition and miscellaneous fees to make up for the lack of local finances.The primary and secondary schools reformed from county and state schools have dramatically increased the number of teachers, and the number of places has increased dozens of times, which most places cannot afford.

In order to give impoverished students a way to make progress, the "Edict of Universal Education" stipulates that local officials can commend the number of places given by the imperial court to any charitable home that aids students. , granted privileges such as seeing officials without kneeling.

At the same time, the "Edict of Universal Education" also encouraged local gentry to run their own schools, as long as they used the syllabus and teaching materials uniformly prescribed by the imperial court, they could run their own schools.As long as more than [-]% of the private kindergarten students pass the literacy test, the squires who run their own schools can receive corresponding political treatment.

For private schools above primary school, the imperial court adopted a policy of neither encouraging nor prohibiting, and relying on the people to be independent.

In order to smoothly connect the imperial examination system, the "Edict of Universal Education" clearly defined the boundary between universal education and the imperial examination.Graduation certificate has nothing to do with fame. Any student who has read a book needs to participate in the imperial examination in order to obtain tax rebates and other political benefits from the imperial court.If you want to be an official, you still have to take the imperial examinations.

However, in the appendix of the "Regulations on the Administration of Imperial Examinations" issued together with the "Popular Education Edict", the syllabus for the imperial examinations at all levels after 20 years of Wanli is delineated. possible.For the imperial examination between the 20th year of Wanli and the 20th year of Wanli, all candidates had to take an additional test of "Tong Shi Zhi Zhi"-only fill-in-the-blank questions, and the content of the test would never exceed the outline.

In this way, Zhu Yijun made a major compromise on the disengagement of scholars who Zhang Juzheng was most worried about when he called for the right on the platform.In addition to giving scholars a [-]-year buffer period, this policy will only strip the eight-legged from the imperial examination system, and then drive all scholars to the new school.

After the establishment of Jingshi University, in addition to the establishment of basic disciplines such as philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, physics, chemistry, and biology for undergraduates to further study, it also established disciplines such as metallurgy, agronomy, law, economics, education and other economical disciplines to train specialists for the imperial court. talent.

As for the way out for these professionals in the future, on the one hand, they can take up positions in various clubs that have sprung up now, on the other hand, they can also participate in the "Enke" specially set up by the imperial court for university graduates, and obtain the post of government officials.In order to increase the enthusiasm of the scholars to enter the university, the imperial court will grant the "Tongjinshi background" treatment after being admitted to the special administrative officer.

What makes the world amused, and the scholars of literature feel humiliated, is that the Imperial University, which the emperor attaches great importance to, does not have a literature major.Zhu Yijun always puts literature and art at the level of "personal cultivation and hobby", and his lack of majors has always reflected his consistent style of disliking "literary scholars".

The establishment of Jingshi University is the culmination of Zhu Yijun's desire to implement the concept of "rejuvenating the country through education" for ten years.Jingshi University, Jingshi Normal University, Jingshi Medical College, and Nanyuan Martial Arts College have since become the highest institutions of this time and space, and no school can shake their status after hundreds of years.

Zhu Yijun, who has attended the opening ceremony, can make a worthy judgment when he returns to Miyagi by carriage. As long as he lives long enough and integrates education reform into the body of the empire, the Chinese nation in this time and space will always stand in the same place. lost ground.

(End of this chapter)