The road to technology

Chapter 582 The Universe is Wonderful

The research on black holes has come to an end, but decades have passed.

Hexi and Liangbing, who represent the angel civilization, got the method of realizing the light particle technology from it, while Yue Yuanzhou had a deeper understanding of black holes.

Although it has not reached the point of manufacturing a black hole battle star, the manufacture of a matter decompressor is already feasible in theory.

Extract the things that fall into the black hole but not fall into the black hole from the one-way membrane area, yes. It is falling into but not falling into.The matter that really transcends the inner horizon cannot be extracted, because they cross that time and infinitely approach the singularity within one ten-thousandth of a second.

Now the infrastructure has left the black hole and is quietly advancing in the dark universe.

Hexi wants to go back to Angel Nebula, the angel civilization needs her, especially in this dark universe.Without her, Angel's technology would hardly have progressed, and Keisha planned to continue to search for Yan in the galaxy.

Keisha is very self-aware in terms of scientific research. She knows that she can't help much if she goes back, so she might as well continue looking for Angel Yan in the Milky Way.

But Liangbing was a little strange, he didn't mean to go back, and he didn't say he couldn't go back.

At this time, Hexi seized the time to continue discussing the issue of black holes.

In fact, she was also very tangled, and the time spent discussing with a few people who were also knowledgeable made her feel very refreshed.So she didn't want to leave now, but she had to.

She faced Yue Yuanzhou and said: "The theory of black hole evaporation shows that black hole evaporation will lead to information loss, but on the other hand, information conservation is based on the basic principle of quantum theory, that is, the universal conclusion obtained by unitarity. This black hole information paradox If it is not resolved, it will keep planting a time bomb for the whole theory."

The unitarity she mentioned actually refers to the unitary operator, which is a special kind of operator, which is a bounded operator that preserves the inner product on the Hilbert space.

What she means is that if information is not conserved, then the whole set of unitary operators will be overturned.

"There is no problem with this. We believe that information is not conserved at the level of a black hole, but it is conserved at the scale of the entire universe." Yue Yuanzhou replied directly.

At this time, the four of them had already returned to the lobby of the infrastructure number, and they were sitting at a small square table, feeling like they were chatting about homework.

At this time, Liang Bing knocked on the melon seeds with a foolish look: "Aren't we going to conduct a black hole evaporation experiment?"

"That's nothing to do. We have already done experiments in this area."

"But."

Seeing that Liang Bing was so obsessed with this problem, Yue Yuanzhou simply said: "Black holes will evaporate, but the evaporation rate is proportional to the temperature, and the temperature of the black hole is inversely proportional to its mass."

"That is to say, the smaller the mass of the black hole, the higher the temperature and the faster the evaporation. The black holes we observe now are basically giants, so their evaporation is pitifully small, far less than the matter they absorb Increased mass. If you want to wait for a large black hole to evaporate, it is not far from the heat death of the universe.”

Liang Bing stopped knocking melons and thought for a while and said, "Isn't there still a small black hole, like the one just now? We know that the evaporation of a black hole is formed by electron-positron pairs produced by the decay of a vacuum. When a black hole Suck in the positrons of the positrons and electrons that appear in pairs, and the black hole will lose the mass of one electron due to the annihilation of matter and antimatter.”

"And that electron will become a free electron and be ejected by the black hole in the form of a jet. In this way, the mass of the black hole has become smaller, and its surface area has also become smaller. Why don't we put a large pile of antimatter Throw it into a black hole and try it."

Oh, so this is what Liang Bing thought.

Yue Yuanzhou smiled: "You can also find a small black hole to try this in the future."

Some things still need to be tried by the angels themselves, and of course the Shenzhou civilization has tried it.

Black hole evaporation does not violate the area theorem.

Because after the mass of a black hole becomes smaller, its surface area will not become smaller. Since the mass is proportional to the gravitational force, the gravitational force will also become smaller as the mass decreases.So the surface area of ​​the black hole actually increases.

And the fate of the black hole to evaporate to the end is not to disappear quietly, but as the mass decreases, the temperature rises, and the evaporation becomes more and more intense. After this process goes to a certain extent, the black hole will burst out violently end.

So will this phenomenon contradict the fact that all the mass of the black hole is concentrated at the singularity?

It is reasonable to say that there is no mass outside the singularity of the black hole to the inner event horizon where its Schwarzschild radius is about, because the mass of the black hole is concentrated at the singularity.

And, from the black hole singularity to the inner horizon, it is just the radius R which has become the time axis.The entropy in this range, or time always points to the singularity. Doesn’t it mean that nothing can come out? Isn’t it contradictory to the fact that the mass of the black hole will decrease?

According to normal thinking, this is indeed the case, but it is only the normal thinking of human beings, and the mysteries of the universe will not accommodate human thinking.

The universe exists objectively.

But this is not actually a contradiction.

Because the solution of the general theory of relativity does not say whether the time direction of the radius R is pointing to the singularity, or pointing to the inner horizon.We think that pointing to the singularity is just because nothing can come out after falling into it, and the time direction pointing outward is of course the white hole solution.

At the same time, the uncertainty principle tells us that you cannot know the position of a particle and its velocity at the same time.

But in a black hole, its location is determined, and that is at the singularity.In this way, its speed becomes infinitely uncertain, and this infinite uncertainty gives it infinite possibilities.

So it will even disappear from the singularity at a super speed, so the mass of the black hole evaporates and decreases.

It is said to disappear because at the place of singularity and R, space is no longer space, but time, so the speed is meaningless.

The universe is just so wonderful.

Liangbing's question can only show that the basic science of the original demon is not solid.

How can a god-level civilization that has not reached the level of modifying the rules of the universe violate the rules of the universe?

Yue Yuanzhou knew this very well, so when he heard that the brain-computer combination in the spirit cage world could accurately calculate the position and velocity of particles, he was not too surprised.

If there is such a world, then this world must be the world of the legendary Buddha, because the cause and effect have been determined there, and a world without variables is so sad.

Yue Yuanzhou gained a lot from this black hole experiment.He also obtained a lot of relevant information such as the cognition of the concept of information, the space-time dislocation of black holes, and the reversal of cause and effect.

But there are some things that don't have to be told to the collaborators, so he only answered part of what Liang Bing said.

"Let's go, it's a good thing you put the large worm bridge on the Orion cantilever, otherwise you'll have to walk for a long time." Yue Yuanzhou looked at the star map and changed the subject calmly.

"It was released when Yan came back that year. It's a pity that Keisha searched for so long in that star field and still didn't find any trace of Yan." He Xi said immediately.

Yue Yuanzhou sighed, but didn't speak.

Regarding the matter of Angel Yan, he has been helping to find it, but he really can't find it.Sometimes he felt a little sympathetic to Ge Xiaolun, and Yan traveled countless light-years to look for him, not only did he not see him, but he disappeared.

Ge Xiaolun and Lan Xing don't know where in the universe they are now, it's just too miserable.

(End of this chapter)