Forty-eight years of Qianlong

Chapter 442 The Way of the Inner Saint and Outer King
Jiang Fan's visit was mentioned by Wang Zhong to Zhao Xin yesterday, and Zhao Xin didn't care about it at the time, so he agreed casually.

He was wearing a newly bought fine-fur fox fur waistcoat, and inside was a dark blue woolen cotton robe and a mink fur hat.The clothes were bought from Beihai Trading Co., and the money for the clothes came from Cheng Yi, who Zhao Xin gave to seven people after they met a few days ago, 500 Beihai yuan each.

After Liu Taigong took the money, he ran directly to the library of the elementary school, wanting to buy the set of "Siku Quanshu of Wenyuan Pavilion Edition", which he had been eyeing during his previous visit.This is one of the two sets that Zhao Xin bought from later generations. The preface made by later generations has been removed and the publication information on the tail page has been obliterated.

It is said that five hundred silver dollars is not even a fraction of the price of this set of books, so Zhao Xinlong bought two sets in total, costing him more than 200 million!One set is in the library of the primary school, and the other set is in my own study room.

So Zhao Xin asked the library to print a set of scanned copies for Liu Taigong, and charged a cost price of one hundred silver dollars.Duan Yucai and Hong Liangji also decided to each have a set after hearing about it.Now the three of them are waiting in the library, typing one page at a time.

However, the more the three of them watched, the more frightened they became.Liu Taigong compiled the "Siku Quanshu". At the beginning, "Siku Quanshu" was copied by more than 800 people. It took 13 years. It was not until the 47th year of Qianlong that a set was copied and kept in Wenyuan Pavilion. .

How can there be a full set of printed editions here in Beihai Town?The three of them saw the present from the first page, and they didn't find a single mistake.This is too weird!Could it be that King Zhao has placed spies beside the emperor?
Jiao Xun, Zhong Huai, and Huang Chengji each bought a few books on algebra and geometry carefully edited by Lao You, and several sets of exercise sets, but the mathematical formulas on the above made the three of them stare at the stars and shouted from heaven; Early this morning, the three young people went to elementary school to attend classes, and followed a group of children to familiarize themselves with mathematical formulas.

Mathematics in the Qing Dynasty generally started with the "Book of Changes", and then learned the "Ten Books of Calculus", and finally fell on astronomy and calendar.Like the "Pythagorean Cutting Circles" that Zhao Xin saw in Guangzhou before, Dai Zhen tried to come up with a theory that could rival Western trigonometry, but it was ultimately proved to be a failure.Cutting back and forth, the ultimate goal is to calculate the difference between the yellow equator.

Because of the hierarchical social structure of "scholars, farmers, businessmen", the purpose of calculating the astronomical calendar ultimately falls on the farming time, thereby guiding agricultural production.

When Jiang Fan followed Yin Bingwei into the house, he first saluted Zhao Xinshen, and Zhao Xin also stood up and bowed his hands to return the salute.The two sat down, A Miao brought tea, and then withdrew.Only then did Zhao Xin ask, "Mr. Ziping is here today, what's the matter?"

Jiang Fan was taken aback when he heard this, thinking that Wang Zhong didn't say it yesterday?

But he also understands Wang Zhong's ambition, he is good at etiquette rather than military affairs, and he is very quiet and not moving.So he first said something to compliment Zhao Xin and Bei Haijun, and then said: "Wang Mou heard what Brother Rong Fu said before, that King Zhao led his army to defeat Rakshasa last year, captured Baihar Lake, and expanded the land for thousands of miles. I yearn for it. If King Zhao agrees, Fan would like to go for a visit and see the local customs and famous products there. So I came here and begged King Zhao for permission."

"Lake Baikal?" Zhao Xin was stunned for a moment, and then realized that what the other party said should be "Lake Baikal".In Chinese history, it was called Beihai since the Han Dynasty, it was also called Xiaohai in the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, and it was called by Mongolian transliteration in the Qing Dynasty.

"Mr. Ziping, it's not impossible for you to go if you want to, but it's already the beginning of winter, and it will soon be frozen for thousands of miles. Beihai is different from the pass, and the winter weather is extremely harsh. Let alone us, even the Qing army will Maodong."

"Then the people in Beihai Town stay at home in winter, and can't be busy with farming until spring?"

Zhao Xin laughed and said: "How can we stay here! We have a lot of things to do in winter. Not to mention military affairs, ordinary people have to take advantage of this time to learn to read and write, and winter can also be done. Grow vegetables."

"Reading?" Jiang Fan was taken aback, then asked in disbelief: "Everyone?"

"Yes! Everyone, regardless of gender." Zhao Xin showed a confident expression of an old god, and roughly explained it to Jiang Fan.

It is said that apart from the military, Beihai Town's largest financial expenditure in recent years is education and medical care.

Medical care does not make money at all. I thought it would be just a tie, but the result has been falling, but this has also won the gratitude of the people at the bottom.

And education is a huge investment. In addition to the cost of books, there is also a lunch to take care of.In the end, a special paper workshop was opened to solve the problem of using a lot of paper; of course, wiping the butt is also very important.

All school-age children, regardless of gender, must go to school. This is unreasonable and mandatory; if any family dares to disobey, the land will be taken back directly, and in serious cases, it will even be sent to the Ezo to dig coal. Before leaving, the children must be left behind. .

Moreover, since the Li family incident happened the year before last, the medical system in various residential areas has been gradually improved, and every household in Beihai Town no longer dares to abandon babies, because the common people have no worries about food and drink, and the birth rate has jumped up immediately.

Among the first batch of children who entered the literacy class, dozens of thirteen and fourteen-year-old children, including Xu Funan, have now become primary school teachers, teaching children who have just entered school.

Among the group of Lan scholars from the island country, except for a few who knew geography and followed Lin Ziping to do surveying and mapping, everyone else was studying Mandarin hard in order to integrate into the system of Beihai Town.And Zhao Xin asked these people to enter the education system for a period of time after mastering Mandarin. Self-improvement is one aspect, and the popularization of basic education is the most important thing.

For example, Zhu Dagui was able to become the village head, first of all because he was literate, and he went to a private school for a year when he was a child.During the past two years in Beihai Town, every winter, the heads of the villages have to organize the villagers to take literacy classes, conveying and explaining various laws and regulations, so that the common people are familiar with them; factory workers also have to hold literacy classes at night, and they must master [-] characters to be promoted. Salary increase.

Although Beihai Town's current system is similar to the public ownership system of later generations, it is not a big pot.

There is a severe shortage of skilled workers in Zhao Liang and Zhang Bo. At present, many workers work "knowing what is happening, but not knowing why."Over the past few years, some machines have been used without problems, and small faults can be repaired improvisely, but when major faults are encountered, they are caught blind.

Especially in military production, various sizes, specifications, weight density, particle size, burning speed, etc., let alone close to each other, are not close at all.The standardization of weapons and ammunition means a large number of mathematical models. Even if you can spend money to buy mathematical formulas, you still need to continue to experiment.

At present, the salaries of various positions in Beihai Town are linked to work performance and literacy level.Others can read 20 and know some math calculations, and they can get [-] silver dollars a month as a technician; if you can read [-], you can only burn boilers, and you can get two and a half yuan a month.

Moreover, the agricultural production in Beihai Town is no longer "face to the loess and back to the sky", with a drop of sweat dropping eight petals, waiting for food from God; whether it is spring sowing or autumn harvest, it is basically done by large-scale agricultural machinery, which completely breaks the standard. The old farming model.

With surplus labor, these people will look for other income channels to improve their living standards.There are too many good things in the Beihai Trading Company, and new things will be added from time to time.But if you can't read and write, you have to queue up to sweep the streets, let alone burn boilers for the bathhouse.

Now when neighbors come to chat with each other, they often talk about how their men are, how their children are studying, and what they have recently found to make a living with multiple incomes.Both of them have an account in mind, why not learn to read and write can make more money, who doesn't want to live a better life?
Recently, Zhao Xinzheng has a plan to spread the word about the piece of land across the sea through his "Gold Medal Little Agent" system in every village and town.He felt that in order for the people of this era to gain a foothold there, instead of earning money and going back to their hometown to buy land and build a house to marry a concubine, they must implement land private ownership.

For the Chinese, only their own land will be cherished a hundredfold.The only question now is how much each family will give. Zhao Xin has to discuss it with other people, but one of the prerequisites is that he must be able to read and write.

Not to mention ordinary people, in addition to training during the day, the Beihai Navy has to take literacy classes and elementary mathematics classes at night.Different from the officers in Monk Zhou's group, the current soldiers want to be promoted, starting from the first rank, and each level must be linked to literacy and mathematics knowledge.

Those mercenaries from the Sendai domain, because they were from the domain, became teachers every night after mastering Mandarin, and went to each company and class to give lessons to the soldiers, so they could receive an extra subsidy.

Since the year before last, the Beihai Navy has conducted promotion examinations for officers and soldiers of the entire army every November. After passing the examination, even if they are not promoted for the time being, their allowances will be increased by one level.

As for those who want to be artillerymen, they need to study geometric algebra, and their basic salary is twice as high as that of ordinary soldiers.

Li Yansheng, the former Qing army artillery battalion co-leader who had already taken refuge, was determined to join the artillery unit of the Beihai Navy, so he had been studying mathematics hard for the past year. It is really difficult for a person in his 30s to learn from the basics.

No way, I don't know trigonometry, and I can't even read the artillery calculator, let alone aim.

After hearing Zhao Xin's introduction, Jiang Fan couldn't help opening his mouth wide, unable to close it for a long time.Even farming requires reading and literacy, which is simply unbelievable!
However, after hearing so much, he grasped a core problem, that is, what Beihai Town taught was practical learning, which had nothing to do with Confucianism.

Just like what Duan Yucai asked that day, where is the etiquette?Where is the rule?Where is the heart?

If Zhao Xin goes on like this, all he needs to be an official in the future is to be able to read and understand arithmetic, but the most important "moralization" is gone.Thinking of this, Jiang Fan's heart became more and more heavy. If things go on like this, the orthodoxy will really be in danger.

He was silent for a moment, and then said: "The sage said that if you donate to the people, you can help them. Yao and Shun are still sick. Zhao Wang's move is unprecedented in ancient times. However, the "Tao Jing" says that people's hearts are in danger. , the insignificance of the Dao heart, the insignificance of the danger, only a gentleman can know it later.”

Zhao Xin smiled and said, "So what's the answer?"

Jiang Fan also smiled, nodded and said: "One Confucian can be used for ten thousand, but one heresy can be used for one hundred."

"Oh?"

"The reason why the sage kings of ancient times established the heaven and established the pole and taught the people all over the world did not only care about the clarity of the rule of law, but also the subtlety of the mind, the way, and the way."

"Inner sage and outer king?"

Jiang Fan nodded and said: "Confucianists, write lectures, explain righteousness, and benefit politics. With sages as kings and teachers, the inheritance of Taoism for all ages is the foundation of governance for all ages."

Zhao Xin shook his head and said, "But can Confucianists make bullets? Can they build railways? Mr. Jiang, it is not enough to rely on the Four Books and Five Classics to save people's livelihood and protect the country. Times have changed."

Jiang Fan was not reconciled and said: "Those who talk about learning in ancient and modern times say that the learning of emperors is different from that of Confucian scholars. Fan thinks otherwise. The scriptures can clarify the way, and the history can be used to check things. The two are in harmony with each other, and then the post-mortem can be expected."

Zhao Xin nodded approvingly and said, "That's reasonable. People who engage in politics must read scriptures and history."

Jiang Fan said: "I am obsessed with skills and stagnant in chapters and sentences. Although Confucian scholars do not respect it. If you are poor at the source of life, study the subtleties, study the meaning of the Six Classics, and the affairs of the world, how can you be more concerned than Confucianists? The so-called respectful and silent thinking is the source of life, and the return of subtlety. Those who are supervised but not cultivated are also in the world."

Zhao Xin patted the case on the table, and said with a chuckle: "Sir, what do you mean that I should not be far from Cheng Zhu, and far from Confucius and Mencius?"

Jiang Fan looked at Zhao Xin and said: "The rule of an emperor is based on the heart, and the heart of the emperor is based on respect."

The two came and went, asked and answered, A Miao and Yin Bingwei who were standing outside the door were at a loss as to what they heard.

In fact, what Jiang Fan and Zhao Xin said was to fight for the future status of Confucianism.

At the beginning, Jiang Fan praised Zhao Xin, saying that your measures are widely spread to the people under your rule, and everyone can enjoy the benefits and benefits. This is something that even Yao and Shun failed to do.Its meaning implies that Confucius taught Zigong that "must be holy" and complimented Zhao Xin as a saint.

However, Jiang Fan's next words are the core.

"People's hearts are only in danger, and Dao's mind is only weak" comes from "Tao Te Ching", followed by eight words: "There is only one essence, and you are allowed to stick to it."

Don't underestimate these four sentences.For 5000 years, from the earliest time when Yao passed the throne to Shun, these sixteen characters have represented the fire of Chinese civilization; they have been passed down from generation to generation, and almost all the classics and knowledge are expounded around these sixteen characters. .

What Jiang Fan meant was that people's hearts are unpredictable, but Dao's heart is nuanced.The most important thing to do is to seek refinement and single-mindedness, and the most important thing to govern the world is to abide by the middle way.Only a gentleman can understand the subtlety of this change and the subtlety of the Taoist heart.In other words, only scholars who have mastered Confucian knowledge have this ability.

Zhao Xin's answer used the words of Mencius, "There is no answer to the answer." The phrase "Mencius-Gaozi Zhangjuxia", means that it is difficult to answer this?
In fact, the key is not in this sentence, but in the latter part of the original text, that is, "Don't worry about the basics but keep the end in mind, a square inch of wood can make it higher than the Cen Tower".It turns out that you, Jiang Ziping, are saying that I don't try to figure out the fundamental things, but only deal with the minor details.

Jiang Fan said that Confucian knowledge is universal, and it can be the program of all learning; it is heresy to blindly pursue the end points without seeking the root.The reason why the ancient sages and sages have been passed down from generation to generation and their holy names are immortal is not only because they have meticulous governance methods and policies, but because they follow Taoism.

Zhao Xin said that you are talking about the principle of "inner sage and outer king"?But the times are different. The things in Beihai Town cannot be solved by Confucianism. I can't rely on the Four Books and Five Classics to climb the technology tree, can I?

Jiang Fan was not reconciled, and argued that Confucian scholars wrote books and studied knowledge for the purpose of clarifying what is the subtle way, which is absolutely helpful to politics.Without the orthodoxy of all ages, there can be no rule of law, and the two are the exterior and interior of each other.

To put it simply, if there are no scholars in the world to agree and endorse, your Zhao Xin's rule is like a rootless apple, even if you win the world.

He went on to say that a true Confucian would not be obsessed with stereotyped rules and rhetoric, but should study the subtleties of sages, sincerely maintain the only essence and the only way, and use the classics and history to verify the gains and losses of politics.

Zhao Xin agrees with this point, no matter when, people who engage in politics must read more history books and classical classics.But he said bluntly, do you Jiang Fan mean that I want to use Confucian scholars more and promote Confucianism-based education in school education?

Jiang Fan made the final decision, saying that the essence of imperial politics is about balance, and one must have a heart of "permission to stick to the middle"; and the essence of balance is to use orthodoxy as a teacher and seek answers in Confucianism.

(End of this chapter)