Forty-eight years of Qianlong

The Indian brought in by Li Shi was naturally Chief Dudu.

As soon as he entered the conference room, he took a few seconds to adapt to the light in the room, and then looked around with curious eyes.

This chief is in his early forties. He has a wide face, a flat nose, and a pair of small black eyes that spin constantly.His broad chest and muscular limbs made him look explosive. It was obvious that his long years of traveling among the mountains, forests and coasts had made his body quite strong even in middle age.

Although the battle patterns painted on his face look ferocious and terrifying, if you look closely, you will find that there is no trace of ferocity in that weather-beaten face, but instead a kind of serenity and a seemingly indifferent calm. This is also the case for many Indians. The demeanor that people often have when they are mentally relaxed.

Dudu soon saw Lu Qi. The corners of his mouth turned up and he nodded at the other person. Lu Qi also smiled and nodded in return.After that, he turned his attention to the Spanish mission. Although the expression on his face remained unchanged, his hands on the shell-beaded belt around his waist were raised, and then he crossed his arms in front of his chest, looking very majestic.

Li Shi said something in Penuti language to Dudu, pointed to a black bow chair and asked him to sit down.Dudu nodded, raised his butt and sat down regardless; however, as soon as he sat down, he was immediately attracted by the comfortable and soft feeling.He touched the imitation cowhide armrests and backrests with his rough hands, and he was already thinking about it. This thing is pretty good. How many pieces of leather would it take to replace it?
"Let me introduce to you, this is Osprey, the chief of the local Miwok tribe on the coast." After Zhao Xin finished the introduction, he said: "Before answering the bishop's question, I would like to ask Brother Diez a question first .”

"Me?" Brother Diez, who was sitting farthest away, was stunned for a moment and said with confusion: "What do you want to ask, Your Excellency?"

Originally, Brother Diez, as the translator, should sit next to the bishop. However, the appearance of Zhao Xin made communication between the two parties no longer a problem, so the poor monk was marginalized.

Zhao Xindao: "I know that you have stayed in Macau for several years and learned quite good Cantonese Mandarin, so I believe that you will also have a certain understanding of today's China."

"Yes, I have learned from the believers and businessmen in Macau. But unfortunately, due to the laws of the Qing Empire, my colleagues and I have never been able to enter the interior."

“Just like the Spanish Empire was a country composed of Castilians, Catalans, Galicians, Basques and other ethnic groups, China today is also a country composed of many ethnic groups. If you count, there are sixty nation-states. Brother Deeds, do you have any objection to what I say?"

Brother Diez thought for a while and said, "Your Excellency is roughly right. As for whether there are sixty ethnic groups in your country, I'm sorry, but I really don't know."

Zhao Xin nodded and continued: "150 years ago, Martino Martini, a Jesuit monk from Italy, in his book "Tatar Wars", described the ethnic minorities from the north of the Great Wall who invaded the interior of China. Collectively known as 'Tatars'. What I want to tell you is that the so-called 'Tatars' are actually composed of multiple ethnic groups, including Manchus, Mongolians, Hezhe people, Oroqen people, Evenki people, Daur people and Xibo people"

Listening to Zhao Xinbulabula's long speech, the Spaniards present showed impatient looks on their faces, especially since he had to repeat it in Chinese after he finished speaking in French, which made them feel that the other party's purpose was to Delay time and blackmail yourself into making concessions.

"Mr. Liu, Your Excellency the Bishop questioned why you called the Indians here, but you told us what Tatars are like. What exactly do you want to say?"

The one who spoke was Captain Bonavia. Since he was scolded by Zhao Xin outside just now, no matter how he looked at him, he felt that the bearded man was not pleasing to the eye.

"Haha~~" Zhao Xin narrowed his eyes and glanced at the other party, thinking that you brought this on yourself, and then said: "Captain, you are very rude. Didn't anyone tell you that as a loser, you will have to fail?" Is it the person’s self-consciousness? When a person loses his self-consciousness, it is easy to lose his personality.”

Captain Bonavia's face turned blue with anger, and blood rushed to his forehead.After being ridiculed by Zhao Xin twice in a row, he no longer cared about the occasion. He immediately grabbed the white gloves he had taken off before and raised his hand to throw it at Zhao Xin's face.

In the name of God and the King, I will fight you!

However, as soon as he raised his right hand, a big hand suddenly stretched out from beside him and pressed it down violently.Bonavia took a look and saw that it was California Governor de Arrillaga.

"Please pay attention to your identity and mission." De Arrillaga squeezed out a sentence through his teeth, reminding his colleagues around him.Then he said to Zhao Xin: "Your Excellency, I want to remind you that today we are negotiating on the San Francisco issue, not the Tatars. I ask you to get back to the topic immediately."

"No problem, Mr. de Arrillaga. But aren't I answering the bishop's previous question?"

Archbishop Peralta quickly answered: "Mr. Liu, thank you for popularizing your country's nation and history to me and the envoys. However, this has nothing to do with my previous question."

"No. Your Excellency, Bishop, this is very relevant!" Zhao Xin turned his head and glanced at the indifferent Chief Dudu, then glanced at the Spanish delegation, and said sonorously: "The reason why I say so much is Because the local Miwok and Ohlon aborigines are descendants of the Manchus whom you call 'Tatars'! Therefore, we are here this time at the request of our overseas Chinese to save our compatriots from the fire. .”

As soon as this statement came out, the Spaniards on the opposite side were in a collective uproar.In particular, Archbishop Peralta and Brother Diez were even more stunned.They looked at Dudu, who was covered in paint like a melon, and thought to themselves: How is this possible?

On the other side of the long table, when Zhao Xin finished his statement in Chinese, several officers, except for Lu Qi and Li Shi who had predicted it in advance, were also stunned, and then they all turned to look at Chief Dudu. .

Dudu was a little uncomfortable with so many eyes falling on him at the same time, but the patterns on his face concealed his uneasiness very well.

Well, there has always been a saying in another time and space that Indians are descendants of the Yin Shang Dynasty.All this originated from the conjecture of an American scholar in the 60s. Later, some Chinese scholars tried their best to prove it from language, customs, writing, and even used the "Q-type Y chromosome" of some Henan people, which only accounted for 8%.

However, not all milk is called Deluxe, and not all people with yellow skin, black hair, and black eyes are of Henan descent.

With the rise of molecular anthropology in the 20s, researchers found that the first immigrants from the American continent came to the Americas about 90 to 2.5 years ago, forming the mainstream of today's Indians.In terms of genetic markers, they are all derived from an ancestor, M1; about 45 years ago, a boy was born in Central Asia, and he carried M4.

The only thing really related to Northeast Asia is the second batch of immigrants carrying C1 gene markers 3 years ago.They set out from Siberia and arrived in the Americas through the Bering Strait. They are mainly distributed on the west coast of the northern North American continent and have never appeared in South America.

In Northeast Asia, the largest number of people with Y chromosome haplogroup C3 are the Tungus ethnic group, such as the Manchu, Daur, Hezhen, Oroqen, Ewenki, and Feyaka.

So in this sense, Zhao Xin's statement that Miwok is related to the Manchus is really not nonsense.As for why he only emphasizes the Manchus and not other ethnic groups, it is because the cultural characteristics of the Manchus outside the customs are the most obvious in this era. Other ethnic groups have been basically assimilated, and everyone has a common language, writing and religion.

In other words, even if a history is made up, it can only be compiled in Manchu.

The air in the conference room seemed to freeze at this moment, and it became audible.In addition to the shouts coming from the training ground outside, everyone could hear the sound of Zhao Xin drinking water.

"It's simply ridiculous! Don't you think it's ridiculous to make up such a statement?" It was De Arrillaga who spoke.As the governor of Alta California appointed by the provincial governor, Beihai Town occupied Kinmen, and he was the most affected.

He could imagine that today the Chinese say they are related to the Miwok Indians, and tomorrow they can say they are related to the Ohlone people; and then they will say they are related to the Wintons, Maidus, Yokuts, Chinsi, and Shoshones. .

This is so ridiculous!

Zhao Xin had known that the Spaniard would react like this. He turned to look at Li Shi, who then stood up again and walked to the door. He opened the door and said to the outside: "You two, come in!"

"Yes!" As soon as he finished speaking, two soldiers wearing North Navy training uniforms came in and stood at the door.Zhao Xin raised his hand to signal the two soldiers to the Spanish mission, and said: "Of these two soldiers, one is the Manchu I just mentioned, and the other is a Miwok. Now they are standing here without talking, can you Can you tell which one is the Miwok?"

The Spaniards present looked closely and saw that the two soldiers were about the same height, about 1.6 meters tall, wearing the same green military caps, the same style of clothes and trousers, and even the same shoes.Looking at their facial features, both of them have broad, round faces, straight nose bridges, large eyes, sunken eye sockets, and thick eyebrows.

How to tell?The two of them just came out of the same mold, and even if they said they were brothers, some people would believe them.

"Hahaha~~"

Suddenly, everyone in the Spanish mission burst into laughter, and then de Arrillaga shook his head and said to Zhao Xin: "Your evidence is really ridiculous! According to you, the Pyrenees Mountains are the dividing line between our country and France. It’s hard to tell the difference between the residents standing together. You can’t say that French territory belongs to our country, right?”

Zhao Xin's expression did not change, and he said with a smile: "Of course. As long as you can defeat the French."

De Arrillaga: "."

Zhao Xin added: "Li Shi, please ask Chief Dudu to speak a few words in Manchu, so that others won't say we are being arrogant."

Hearing this, Li Shi nodded to Dudu beside him.Dudu, who had been silent for a long time, slowly stood up and spoke two sentences in a language that was extremely unfamiliar to the Spaniards present.

"bi manju inu. bi oqi dulimbai gurun inu." Don't look at these two sentences. Li Shi taught Dudu for more than an hour yesterday, and he even asked him to recite it dozens of times when he got up this morning.

Brother Deeds blinked and asked urgently: "What did he say?"

Zhao Xin said word by word: "He spoke Manchu, which means I am Manchu and I am Chinese."

After that, he took two agreements written in Chinese and French from Lu Qi beside him, showed them to the Spanish mission opposite, and explained: "This document is signed between us and the Miwok tribe. Formal agreement. Chief Dudu, on behalf of all the Miwok people of the Coast, agrees to surrender the entire Golden Gate area and its surrounding areas, which you call San Francisco to Santa Cruz and extending eastward to the Sierra Nevada Mountains. We manage it.”

By the way, the word "Nevada" comes from Spanish and means covered with snow.

By this time, everyone in the Spanish mission understood that this bearded Chinese man had already prepared this rhetoric, and quoted scriptures from the very beginning, in order to demonstrate the rationality of their seizure of San Francisco.As long as this is established, they will be able to stay in North America forever, and even gradually erode the empire's colonies in North America.

It is said that after Zhao Xin decided to come to Kinmen to participate in the negotiations, he spent a few days reading a large amount of international law materials about this era. After thinking about it, he finally decided to find another way and create a set of theoretical tools based on blood and diaspora.

That is what Chinese traditional culture says, having the same origin means having the same ancestry, and we are all brothers from all over the world!

Zhao Xin knew very well that by the end of the [-]th century, the American continent had been basically divided up by European colonists. As a latecomer, if Beihai Town wanted to gain a foothold on this land, in addition to military strength, theoretical and legal tools must also keep up. .

With this set of tools, Beihai Town can really use the Pacific Ocean as a bathtub in the future.Of course, it is only a prototype at present, and a large number of scholars are still needed to enrich its blood and muscles and make it continuously perfect so that it can compete with European international law theories.

You must know that during the "Geographical Discovery" process from the 15th to the 17th century, four theories were invented successively and became the theoretical tools of international law used by Western colonial empires to rob the world, namely the "Discovery Theory" and the "Terra nullius Theory" , "Unclaimed Territory Theory" and "Priority Theory".

The first is the "theory of discovery".It also means that whoever finds it belongs to the same person, completely denying the factual possession of the indigenous people, and forcefully seizing land and natural resources that do not belong to them as their own.

This theory was first proposed by Spain and Portugal, and was recognized by the Roman Catholic Church. It was confirmed by the Pope's edict in 1493. At the same time, a geographical term was born - the Papal Meridian.

The second is the "terra nullius theory".It means that no one lives on the land, so the colonists buy a piece of land from the indigenous people and then declare sovereignty. This principle applies to land that has not been "effectively occupied" by other countries.

As for what it means to have no one?What is effective possession?If you can't beat it, it's effective; if you beat it, it's ineffective.

This rhetoric was born because Spain and Portugal attempted to carve up the world and dominate the oceans by virtue of the Pope's edict.The question was how could the British, who were rising stars in the Age of Discovery, agree? So they created a set of theories to deny the "theory of discovery", thus eliminating the theoretical obstacles to competing with Spain and Portugal for colonies.

In 1577, Drake occupied southern Chile in the name of Queen Elizabeth, ignoring the cross placed by Magellan, who was serving Spain.By 1588, as the British defeated the Spanish Armada and established maritime hegemony, the British blatantly competed with the Spanish for territory. It was under this circumstance that the "Virginia Company" was founded.

The third is the "unclaimed territory theory".This rhetoric is derived from the "terra nullius theory".The reason is that in the face of strong resistance from the indigenous people, the colonial empire could no longer define the colonies as "de facto terra nullius", so it proposed the theory of "de jure terra nullius", which means that it does not recognize the rights of indigenous societies. The law, with European domestic law and international law becoming a worldwide law, deprives the other party of its land property rights.

This is the origin of what Americans in another time and space most often talk about, "international rules based on order." Its logic is the "hierarchy of civilizations", that is, "being backward and being beaten."

The last one is the "priority theory".This was also done by the British, which partially recognized the factual and legal possession of the land by the indigenous people, but denied their right to dispose of it at will.

After the Seven Years' War, Britain completely drove France out of North America, so King George III promulgated the most important legal document in British colonial history - the "Royal Proclamation of 1763", clarifying the King's branch of the Appalachian Mountains - -The land west of the Allegheny Mountains enjoys "priority", that is, the indigenous people can only sell land to the British Crown or the colonial government, and no other country or individual has the right to acquire it.

I admit that your property is yours, but I have the final say on how to dispose of it.Sound familiar?As a reminder, Hong Kong and Taiwan.

Regardless of the above, it is a game played by the powerful, and the indigenous people have no right to participate.Anyway, as long as the fist is not as big as mine, I can play whatever I want.

Well, the reality in Alta California today is that Beihai Town has the biggest fist, and the province's Western Military District Command can't defeat it even with all its strength.Although Governor de Arrela strongly suggested to the governor to mobilize troops from other military regions to form a larger force, the black uprising in Haiti and the war in Europe were in full swing, and neither the mainland nor the province had the financial resources.

How to refute this argument?The Archbishop turned his attention to Brother Rasuen and Brother Deeds.

bring it on!One of you is the chairman of the California Mission and has the best understanding of indigenous culture; the other has been in Macau for many years and has learned a lot about Chinese culture.

Oops, this is hard to do for Brother Rasuen. Although the missionary team he is responsible for has gone deep into various tribes in California and has recorded their culture, customs, languages, etc., he has no understanding of Northeast Asian civilization, which makes him How to say?
As for Brother Deeds, it's even worse. He only knows a few cultural customs of southern China and has read a few outdated books.Manchu?He hadn't even seen it.

Let’s talk about it.Some readers may find it pointless for me to write so much theoretical content.However, it was these theories that promoted the importance of colonization to the domestic public at the time and shaped a concept of colonial justification.It is a national policy for Americans to massacre Indians, but why are American soldiers willing to shoot?Aren’t they just influenced by these theories?In the same way, if the Beihai Navy is willing to say goodbye to their families and go to fight thousands of miles away, it must be famous, right?What I am trying to say is that in addition to military, social and cultural theory played an important role in the formation of the colonial system, and ideas such as social Darwinism and racism were the products of colonial theory.To this day, many people still believe that the jungle laws of the animal world apply to human society, and that Western civilization is superior to other indigenous civilizations; at the same time, countless historical time travel novels are also repeating the logic of Westerners.The problem is that we have forgotten that Chinese culture has emphasized "harmony without difference" since ancient times. All things can grow together without harming each other, and Tao can run in parallel without conflict.Otherwise, it cannot be said to be of long standing and profound.