Qiming 1158

Chapter 1669 Holidays and Retirement

The national public holiday rest plan given by Su Yonglin is perfect.

This plan involves nine festivals, including New Year's Day, Shangyuan Festival, Spring Ploughing Festival, Qingming Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Qixi Festival, Mid-Autumn Festival, Double Ninth Festival, and National Founding Day. The imperial court will provide public holidays to the people throughout the country on these nine festivals.

Among them, the New Year's Eve is integrated with the New Year's Eve, and a total of seven days of leave are given.

One day off on the New Year's Day.

The Spring Ploughing Festival is given three days off.

The Qingming Festival is combined with the Cold Food Festival for three days.

The Dragon Boat Festival is given three days off.

The Qixi Festival is given a day off.

The Mid-Autumn Festival is given three days off.

The Double Ninth Festival is given three days off.

The founding day is given seven days off.

That is to say, a total of 31 public holidays are given to the people of the whole country in a year when they must rest.

Su Yonglin believes that these festivals have profound historical traditions and humanistic concerns, and they have a very wide coverage nationwide. For people across the country to understand these festivals, and to rest and participate in various festival activities during the festival, that is very meaningful thing.

Among the nine public holidays, only the National Founding Day is a festival set up by Su Yonglin. It is scheduled from the first day of October to the seventh day of October every year. During the festival, in addition to rest, the official will also publicly hold commemorative activities for the founding heroes and other activities.

In a series of supporting measures, Su Yonglin put forward some very important holiday auxiliary measures to help these holidays run better and people rest better.

The ten-day two-break principle is mainly realized by shift adjustment. Because there is no traditional meaning and cultural bonus, when to rest is not difficult.

Whether it’s a workshop or a collective farm, everyone takes turns to rest, as long as they take two days off out of ten, that’s fine, and if there are enough staff, there won’t be any delays.

Public holidays not only require rest, but also humanistic care, but at the same time, some necessary departments also need to maintain operations, and there can be no one on duty.

Therefore, Su Yonglin set up a public holiday duty system.

Under this system, any organization that employs people across the country must give the duty worker three times the daily income of the holiday duty subsidy, and it is necessary to implement the principle that officials and cadres take the lead on duty in major holiday activities.

Holiday duty plans for special departments in the imperial court, revival society, workshops, collective farms and other organizations need to be drawn up in advance, publicized, and implemented in strict accordance with the duty plan.

Su Yonglin also suggested that all the suggestions mentioned above should be incorporated into the labor bill that was passed at the last meeting, and the legislation should be completed to implement these changes through legislation, so as to fully safeguard the interests of workers and give the people adequate rest.

In addition, Su Yonglin also mentioned retirement. Like the public holiday system, the retirement system must be implemented in every organization and every citizen.

Su Yonglin believes that retirement is a benefit that every citizen should enjoy. It is a return to the citizens who have worked their whole lives and contributed to the country as they grow older. It is an important manifestation of humanistic care and a manifestation of the basic humanitarian spirit of a country. .

After all, no one would think that a man in his seventies and eighties could continue to work in the fields to produce food.

Regarding the retirement system, Su Yonglin referred to Song's retirement system.

Song civil servants reach their [-]s, and military officials can extend their age by [-] years. It can be seen that the favorable living environment and medical level have greatly improved the average life expectancy of the ruling class in the Song Dynasty.

In contrast, is the miserable low average life expectancy of the vast majority of civilians as always.

In Hongwu three years after the Ming Dynasty completely pacified the north, Su Yonglin made a comprehensive analysis of the national population data, so he arranged the first census of the Ming Dynasty. The population size of the year was about 8000 million.

In addition to these data, Su Yonglin is also interested in life expectancy, so when arranging work, he specifically asked the Ministry of Civil Affairs to do this.

However, in this era, except for the scholar-bureaucrat class with names and surnames, ordinary people have no concept of their own age, and even less of the age of their deceased relatives. With a population of 8000 million, the final age data obtained is only a mere [-] .

Nearly half of them died of war rather than natural deaths.

Then, based on some calculations, it was concluded that from the end of the Northern Song Dynasty to the early years of the Jin Dynasty, the average life expectancy of the scholar-official class in the northern region was over 60 years old, while the average life expectancy of ordinary people was about 43 years old.

Of course this is an average figure.

According to statistics from different regions, the average life expectancy of civilians in some areas is as high as more than 40 years old, in some areas it is even less than 33 years old, and the lowest is only [-] years old. This is obviously inseparable from the regional economic development.

Compared with urban areas, the life expectancy in agricultural areas has a larger gap, which may be related to the relatively superior medical conditions in urban areas.

The scholar-bureaucrat class is the same as before. No matter which area they live in, the average life expectancy does not fluctuate much, and it is generally over 60 years old.

Because the sample is not enough, there are many constraints in policy formulation, and Su Yonglin will pay more attention to this in the years to come.

In the years that followed, the Ming Dynasty popularized age calculation methods, popularized medical care, popularized education and other policies for the national population. By the 13th year of Hongwu, the average life expectancy of the national population had reached 53 years old.

Just last year, the latest data showed that the average life expectancy of the national population reached 57 years, and the differences in the average life expectancy of the population of different classes and regions have been greatly improved compared with the Song and Jin eras, tending to balance.

Therefore, at this year's meeting, Su Yonglin decided to formulate a retirement system applicable to the whole country to protect the rights of people engaged in public affairs, agriculture, industry and commerce, etc.

He initially suggested setting the retirement age at 60 for civilian officials and 55 for military officials.

The retirement age for farmers in collective farms and workers in factories is set at 50, and for workers in special industries such as mining workers is set at 45.

This is a general arrangement. In addition to this arrangement, Su Yonglin has also set up some supporting measures, such as the accumulation of working hours.

In addition, Su Yonglin also initially put forward the concept of pension at the national level, believing that the executive committee and the people's congress can negotiate the pension.

Su Yonglin believes that in the past years, although the feudal dynasties promoted the concept of respecting the old and respecting the old, they were essentially the kings with strong mouths, and they only gave preferential treatment in their mouths.

They have never given real preferential treatment to the elderly in reality, and it is often only the officials of the imperial court who receive pensions.

The people's old-age care can only form a tradition through the people spontaneously, and the tradition of raising children to prevent the elderly has gradually formed over a long period of time, but once the white-haired person sends the black-haired person, the end of the old man is very tragic .

(End of this chapter)