Da Wei Chun

Chapter 460 The reason for the white head
Ps: Be careful with long popular science articles.

This chapter briefly expounds the formation and transformation of social contradictions from the founding of the country to the destruction of the country in the Northern Wei Dynasty, as well as the impact of the Six Towns Rebellion. If you don’t like it, you can skip it.

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In the few days after Yuan Ke passed away, even Li Chengzhi himself couldn't figure out why he could grow old overnight?
For the past few months, he has tossed and turned, thinking hard, until yesterday when he saw the three clouds of smoke like green lotuses in front of the emperor's mausoleum, Li Chengzhi suddenly realized:

It turns out that subconsciously, he has long regarded Yuan Ke as a benchmark, a model, and a mirror in which the former teachers will never forget the teachers of later generations.

It is not possible to become an emperor just by pulling one person over, let alone a period like the Southern and Northern Dynasties when the current situation was the most turbulent, the social relations were the most complicated, and the contradictions were the most acute.

Under such a complicated and difficult premise, Yuan Ke could become the master of Zhongxing in the Northern Wei Dynasty and make the national power reach its peak, there must be something extraordinary.

Soon after entering Beijing, Li Chengzhi naturally began to observe and learn Yuan Ke's methods and means of governing the country, pro-government, managing the army, and herdsmen.

But I haven't even started yet, and the benchmark for learning is gone.That's why Li Chengzhi has the illusion of "suddenly losing the direction of his struggle".

In Li Chengzhi's view, there are not many blanks in Yuan Ke's history books.Compared with the previous emperors, such as the founding emperor Daowu, who was able to lead an army to conquer Rouran at the age of 12, and then destroyed Daxia, conquered Dayan, Emperor Taiwu who took Beiliang, and Emperor Xiaowen who moved the capital and Sinicized, etc., Yuan Dynasty Even if Ke's achievements are not as good as those of these guys, they are not much worse.

When he became enlightened and suddenly realized that it was not so easy to build, and it was not so easy to be an emperor, Li Chengzhi consciously began to understand and study the society and contradictions in the Northern Wei Dynasty.

With the lessons learned from the two Zhaos, three Yans, and two Qins, Emperor Daowu knew very well that if the Hu people did not rely on the Han people, to be precise, if they did not get the support of the Han people's aristocratic and powerful families, it would be tantamount to Idiots talk about dreams.

Therefore, from the beginning of the founding of the Northern Wei Dynasty, Emperor Daowu set the tone for the Sinicization of Xianbei.Instead of implementing the policy of "Separation between Hu and Han" like other five Hu regimes.

But the Great Wall was not built in a day. Compared with it, the big proposition of "national integration" is many times more difficult than building the Great Wall.Naturally, there will be extremely sharp social contradictions.

To put it plainly, it is: the vested interest class refuses to give up their core rights and interests, and will inevitably create continuous counter-revolutionary behavior.

Where there is oppression, there will naturally be resistance: Emperor Daowu was finally killed by his second son...

Fortunately, the prince was effective, and the rebellion came and went without causing large-scale turmoil, and the national policy of Sinicization did not waver.

Until the grandson of Emperor Daowu, Emperor Taiwu who was praised by Liu Yu as "British military strategy. It has gone through the ages", the process of Sinicization in the Northern Wei Dynasty reached its peak.Correspondingly, ethnic conflicts have reached a moment of urgency.

Although Emperor Taiwu saw the opportunity early, he took Cui Hao as a scapegoat and killed Cui Hao's three clans, as well as Cui's in-laws such as the Lu family in Fanyang, the Guo family in Taiyuan, and the Liu family in Hedong.He even killed the prince who wanted to rebel, but ethnic conflicts still broke out.

The wise and powerful Emperor Taiwu did not die in the hands of his son like Emperor Daowu, but died in the hands of the eunuch Zongai.

Later, the grandson of Emperor Taiwu, the eldest son of Prince Tuoba Huang, Tuoba Jun succeeded to the throne. In order to appease the Xianbei nobles and ease ethnic conflicts, he intentionally slowed down the process of Sinicization and restored Buddhism.

But contradictions cannot simply disappear.In his 13 years as emperor, Tuoba Jun's greatest achievement was to mend the hole—the hole left by Emperor Taiwu's excessive force.

It suppressed hundreds of Hu rebellions including the clan, Xianbei and clans, Gaoche, and attached Huns with more than [-] people.

This is all a mess left by Emperor Taiwu.

These 13 years were also the most turbulent 13 years in the Northern Wei Dynasty. According to historical records: the country is in trouble, and the government and the opposition are at odds.

But the effect is also obvious: the living space of anti-Han groups is further compressed, and the barrier between Hu and Han is gradually weakening.

After that, there was the Empress Dowager Feng of the Northern Wei Dynasty, who was called the system twice and served as regent for more than [-] years.

Although there are many taints, countless favorites, chaotic private life, and killing her son Emperor Xianwen (father of Yuan Hong) because of revenge for male favorites and unwillingness to decentralize power, her contribution to the Northern Wei Dynasty cannot be erased at all.

If it is said that the founding of Emperor Wu set the tone for the Sinicization of Xianbei, at least half of the foundation for Sinicization was laid by Empress Dowager Feng during the past [-] years.

First, class salary.

They have already established a country, and have been in charge of the Central Plains for many years. Officials from top to bottom, big and small, don't even have half a cent of their salaries?
This strange phenomenon has existed in the Northern Wei Dynasty for nearly a hundred years, and it is a miracle that the country did not collapse because of it.

Don't underestimate this salary, which represents the official transition of the tribal social structure of the Xianbei to the feudal social structure of the Han.

After that, it was the land equalization and the three-head system.

The ban salary changed the social structure, and these two measures promoted the social production mode of the Xianbei people.

To put it simply, the upper class no longer adopts the self-defeating method of killing chickens to extract eggs and digging up leek roots, but replaces it with a relatively gentle and trouble-free method of harvesting after planting.

Since then, the Hu tribe groups such as the Xianbei dignitaries, officials, and tribal chiefs have had to learn the ways and means of the Han people to be officials, govern the people, and lead the army.Subconsciously, they naturally accepted the etiquette system, living habits, and even culture of the Han people.

Later, Emperor Xiaowen Sinicized the whole country and moved the capital to Luoyang.

The turbulence caused was not small, such as the rebellion of the prince and the important officials of the Xianbei clan, and the rebellion of Yuanxi and others after Yuan Ke ascended the throne, etc., all of which were derived from the contradictions of Yuan Hong's forced Sinicization.

Zhi Yuanhong divided the surname families, integrated the Xianbei nobles with the eight surnames as the core into the new family system, and combined them with the Han people, and the ethnic conflicts came to an end.

But new contradictions were born again: the contradictions between aristocratic families, local tyrants and centralization.

To be precise, it should not be born, but has always existed.If you go back to the source, it must be traced back to at least the late Western Han Dynasty.

The demise of the Eastern Han Dynasty, the chaos of the Three Kingdoms, the demise of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the change of the Southern Dynasty are like eating and drinking, all of which are rooted in this.

In fact, relatively speaking, this contradiction was not prominent in the early Northern Wei Dynasty.However, in order to resolve ethnic conflicts and suppress anti-Han groups, since Emperor Daowu, Emperor Taiwu, Empress Dowager Feng, Emperor Xiaowen and other power holders have worked tirelessly and tirelessly. Transformed into a new gate valve, which caused this contradiction to be infinitely intensified.

As for the Southern Dynasties, since the "Yongjia Rebellion" and the "Clothes of the South", they have completely fallen flat.

The saying "the king and Sima share the world" is a clear proof...

Yuan Ke was aware of this problem, and took extremely targeted measures to solve it like a stroke of magic.

First, gradually strengthen the centralization of power and weaken the local powerful armed forces.The most obvious example is the declining Guanlong family, such as the Li family in Longxi and the Yang family in Hongnong.

To put it simply: there are fewer and fewer vassals and private soldiers of the aristocratic clans, lands invaded by wars, and private households that can be hidden are disappearing geometrically.

The specific methods are: the upper class vigorously employs poor families and common people; but if there are places that rebel, they must recruit the tribes of the aristocratic clan;

Second, wantonly establish official schools in prefectures and prefectures, and implement the system of separating education from secular and common people.And set up four primary schools for poor families in Beijing middle school.

This is only second. What surprised Li Chengzhi the most was the system of "recommendation for continuous insurance", "study before admission", and "must test for every application" strongly promoted by Yuan Ke.

To become an official from a family, it must be inspected by the prefect of the state and recommended by more than three officials.But if the new official makes a mistake, or even commits a crime, he will be held accountable for recommending the official, unless you are already dead.

Juqian education refers to the Taixue and Guozijian specially established for the children of the royal family, Xianbei dignitaries, and aristocratic families.Although it is not a compulsory measure, you can be recommended to be an official without going to school.But whether you will be reused or not, and whether you will be promoted to your official position, naturally Yuan Ke has the final say...

In the end of Yuanke's reign, more than [-]% of the newly promoted officials used Zitaixue, Guozijian, and Simen primary schools.

As for the compulsory exam for every exam, as the name suggests, it means that if you want to be an official, you must take the exam.It doesn't matter whether it's the sons of the rich and powerful or the poor.

Is it familiar?

Just be familiar with it, it is actually the embryonic form of the imperial examination.

Because of the establishment of the imperial examination system, many scholars in later generations regarded Yang Jian as the second emperor of Qin Shihuang.But in the final analysis, it was not that Emperor Wen of the Sui Dynasty thought of such a wise decision with a flash of inspiration and a slap in the head.But stand on the shoulders of the predecessors to know the past and learn from the present...

It's a pity that Yuan Ke died too early, which caused these actions to come to an end without a problem.In addition, the land equalization system and the three-head system established during the period of Empress Dowager Feng and consolidated during the period of Emperor Xiaowen were completely destroyed.

Hu Chonghua said that the regime period not only solidified the aristocratic class, but also re-intensified the ethnic conflicts that had stabilized.

It can be summed up in two sentences: 300 years of hard work, one night before liberation...

It also gave birth to new contradictions: the contradiction between the Six Towns Military Merit Group and vested interests, namely the central government and the Sinicization Group, can be called worse.

The reason for the uprising in the six towns was simple: the capital moved to the south, and the status of the Xianbei nobles who stayed behind in the six towns was getting lower and lower.In addition to Hu Chonghua's short-sightedness and connivance, the upper-level military officers of the six towns wantonly corrupted and exploited, causing the soldiers and townspeople in the lower-level towns to be hungry, which led to the outbreak of the uprising.

It seems to be Hu Chonghua's fault, but the root of the disaster was planted during the Yuan Ke period: the national power of the Northern Wei Dynasty was greatly reduced due to successive years of southern expeditions and Zhongli's defeat.Jirouran has not violated the frontier for many years, and the role of the six towns has been relatively weakened, so that the imperial court's supply to the six towns has been decreasing year after year.

In addition to the continuous famine in the six towns, the upper-level officers have no money to earn, and the lower-level townsmen and townspeople have no food to eat. How could it be possible not to have grudges against Yuan Ke and the court?
According to the original historical trend, it could last for more than ten years. The bad thing is that history suddenly turned a corner:

After Yuan Luo's death, when Yuan Cheng, Yuan Jia and others were investigating and purging Yuan Huai and Yu Zhong in Beijing, their accomplices confessed that before the assassination, Yuan Huai and Yu Zhong had sent people to the Six Towns with a lot of money. , Bewitching the town army to revolt together.

Li Chengzhi suggested focusing on appeasement, rewarding officials, nobles, money, and food.Stabilize it first, and it will not be too late to settle accounts after autumn.But except for Gao Zhao, no one agrees, they all feel that he is scaremongering.Not only did he not appease, but instead sent Yuan Yi Chijie to the six towns to appease the order?

He didn't know what to say anymore.Li Chengzhi was very worried that the army hadn't arrived in Guanzhong, but he waited for the bad news that Yuan Yi was cut off from the sacrificial flag, and that one or all of the six towns rebelled.

Because it is located in a border town in the north, and the garrison system is implemented in which the soldiers are the people and the people are the soldiers, the people's toughness and martial style can be called the best in the Great Wei Dynasty.In contrast, the successive uprisings in Liangzhou, Longxi County, and Bogulu Town were at most scabies.But if the six towns were in chaos, the Northern Wei Dynasty would be in chaos.

Moreover, history has already given the answer: the Six Towns Uprising was the fuse that led to the destruction of the Northern Wei Dynasty.

Six towns is the only place Yuanhong has not sinicized, and the social structure is still the tribal system of the Hu tribe.So once there is turmoil, it is the anti-Sinicization of the whole people...

Ask yourself, Li Chengzhi will desperately rewrite this period of history, instead of letting it break out in advance, even if he wants to eliminate the chaos of war, stop raging the Central Plains with iron hooves, and stop the tragedy of two-legged sheep from happening again.

Taking a step back, in order to make his path of rebellion less difficult and less difficult, he must also nip the Six Towns Rebellion in the bud:
Without the Six Towns Uprising, how could Er Zhurong have the opportunity to recruit troops and strengthen his strength?

There will be no rise of Gao Huan and Yu Wentai, and naturally there will be no Wei Fen, no Northern Qi, and no Northern Zhou.It is even more impossible to have the later Guanlong Group...

That's why this secret trip to Chencang and the six towns...

There were so many thoughts in my head, it was already midnight, and I still didn't feel sleepy.Li Chengzhi had to drink half a glass of strong wine to induce sleepiness.

After being awakened by Li Liang, it was already dawn the next day...

(End of this chapter)