1840 Indian Rebirth

Chapter 181 180【Absolute Zero】

Then, the two opened the note, only to see that it was written with a person's name:
"Kano."

"Professor Thomson, it seems that we see the same thing." Ma Whistle said with a smile.

Thomson was surprised at first, and then said with a smile: "Yes, or—we are all believers of Kano."

For those who study physics later, the Carnot cycle is destined to be an unforgettable memory, and its proposer, Sadie Carnot, is undoubtedly the most important early founder of thermodynamics.

In fact, as early as twenty years ago, the young French officer gave an estimate of absolute zero, which was close to the truth.

If it were not for Carnot's untimely death, the formal establishment of thermodynamics would probably have been made ten years earlier - the cause of his death was cholera, which caused his relics, including a large amount of research data, to be burned, and the development of thermodynamics suffered setbacks.

Of course, the death of such a genius slowed down the development of thermodynamics, but did not stop it.

In the year Kelvin was born, Carnot published some reflections on absolute zero.

And just over ten years after Kano's death, the young Kelvin took over this task and formally proposed the absolute temperature scale.

Now, there is no doubt that the traverser's horse whistle will be added.

"To design a temperature scale, you first need to establish its zero point." Ma Shao said slowly, "For a scientific temperature scale, its zero point should be the lowest temperature in nature, absolute zero."

"... Sadie Carnot's work in 1824 gave us a good demonstration, based on him, we should go a step further and design a real 'absolute temperature scale', or 'thermodynamic temperature scale'. "

Thomson agreed deeply: "Yes, your paper and Joule's paper have actually revealed the inevitability of the birth of this temperature scale very well."

"You said in the paper that 'the essence of temperature is the average kinetic energy of molecules...', I think the thermodynamic temperature scale is ready to come out here."

Thomson was now fully convinced that the Indian in front of him was indeed the author of that paper, a physicist of rare talent.

He even vaguely felt that Ma Shuo had a much deeper understanding of thermodynamics and even the whole of physics than he did.

Of course, Thomson eventually denied this vague feeling-because he didn't believe that anyone could understand physics far better than himself, even some condescending old guys in the academy.

But in any case, it is indeed amazing that an Indian who is regarded as a savage in the public opinion has such a level of physics attainment.

It's no wonder that Joule praised the horse whistle in his letter, and even blew a wave of Indians.

"For us, it is much easier to establish an absolute temperature scale." Thomson said, pulling out a journal from the pile of books, "We now have exact experimental data."

Horse Whistle: "Is it the data published by Professor Victor Regueno last year?"

"You have also read that paper." Thomson nodded, and turned to one of the pages of the journal in his hand, "In fact, the author, Mr. Regno, was one of my mentors. When I went to France three years ago, Having spent time in his lab, he taught me a lot."

The two read the experimental data published by Regno in this journal and discussed for a long time.

"...According to Mr. Regno's data, we can conclude that absolute zero should be -273 degrees Celsius." Horse Whistle said.

Thomson: "Yes, -273 degrees Celsius, the limit of gas compression."

The origin of absolute zero is the limit of gas compression. It was found that when the pressure is constant, the lower the temperature of the gas, the smaller the volume.

Then a natural idea was born. When the volume of the gas is compressed to close to zero, the temperature at this time should be the lowest temperature in nature. After all, the volume cannot be negative.

Of course, this idea still has flaws, and it was not considered relatively complete until the Nernst Theorem was put forward in the early twentieth century.

And a more profound mathematical proof is a matter of the 21st century.

For this era, things like Nernst's theorem are too early. Now the horse whistle only needs to take out the absolute temperature scale according to the ideas of Carnot and other predecessors, and then do a little repair work.

"Oh, sorry, I seem to have a class coming, I have to go to teach the students first." Thomson discussed with the horse whistle for several hours, until he realized that there were still teaching tasks to be completed, glanced at the time, and hurriedly Stand up and say.

Ma Shao nodded: "Class is more important, I can understand."

"You seem to be a teacher too?" said Thomson.

Horse whistle: "I am the chief of the tribe. I not only want to lead the tribe to defend their homeland, but also need to tell them this knowledge."

"That sounds... really interesting. We'll talk about it after the class is over." Thomson hurriedly imagined the scene where the horse whistle taught physics to many Indians wearing feathers, and then took the handout and went out. office.

After Thomson left, it was not easy for the horse whistle to go out and wander around.

Although this is a university, it is not much more civilized than the city.He went out with a yellow face on his face, and if he met someone like Mackintosh again, it would be another unnecessary trouble.

So he simply wrote a thesis, the title directly plagiarized Kelvin's original work "On an Absolute Temperature Scale" in history, and the content is naturally the same as the title.

Since Ma Shao had already written the entire "Thermodynamics" in advance, he hardly needed to think about the content of this paper, and wrote quickly.

There are only a few references to Kelvin that need to be paused, and he disguises the paper as the result of his discussions with Kelvin.

He didn't intend to monopolize it, he even put Kelvin's name before himself.

After all, in his opinion, this is not a very important paper.In contrast, he needed Kelvin's influence even more.

Thomson finished his teaching work for the day, and when he returned to the office, he saw that the horse whistle was looking at a few pages of manuscripts.

"What is this?" he asked casually.

Horse whistle: "I wrote our previous discussion into a paper, you can see if there is anything wrong."

Thomson froze for a moment, took the manuscript and read it for a while, and couldn't help but say in surprise, "This, you wrote this in two class time?"

"Yeah, what's the matter?" Horse Whistle didn't seem to care.

Thomson was silent for a while, then asked again: "I mean...have you always written articles so fast?"

As a recognized genius, the youngest professor of physics at the University of Glasgow, his writing speed is already very fast. His colleagues often marvel at his quick thinking, and he has always been proud of it.

Until now...

Although the article is not long, it is a thesis after all, and it is really unbelievable to finish it in about two lectures.

Thomson felt that the speed of copying an article was no more than that.

(End of this chapter)