I am the king of the dead

Chapter 468 The Longitude and Latitude of Tai'an Palace

Empire, this term is a term that emerged after the cultural exchanges between China and the West. In a narrow sense, it describes a powerful country ruled by an emperor. In a political sense, the title of emperor also represents a legal system.

After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the monarch with the title of emperor was regarded as the successor of the Roman Empire.

Therefore, in the same period, theoretically speaking, there can only be at most one empire in the Western civilization.

the legal successor to the Roman Empire.

The emperor of the barbarians was the emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.

Feeling the humiliation, the Eastern Roman Empire expressed strong opposition to this, and launched protracted conquests in military, political, cultural, and countries established by many barbarians in Thailand and the West.

How did the Eastern Roman Empire call the Holy Roman Empire?
United Arab Emirates.

No wonder the Eastern Roman Empire looked down on the Holy Roman Empire established by the barbarians in the west and called them the Emirates.

Who made the Holy Roman Empire have a total of seven emirates, that is, the famous seven electors?

A loose political alliance headed by the seven electors and hundreds of small vassal states, just like the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, how could it be called an empire?
Empire has been the highest state political form in the East and West for a long time.

Undoubtedly, the emperor dared and called it an empire only when he said that he prospered the country and said that there was a chaotic state.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was well-deserved to be called an empire.

Who knocked down Ming from the rank of empire to dynasty?

Naturally, Zhu Qizhen's defeat was like a mountain, completely undoing the corruption of the Ming Dynasty in the most violent way, and the subsequent restoration almost brought Daming into the abyss.

Zhu Qiyu talked about the significance of the Ottoman Kingdom's attack on Constantinople.

Fatih of the Ottomans wanted to turn the Ottoman Kingdom into the Ottoman Empire.

If it weren't for the expeditionary force who also impersonated first, Ottoman had completed the transformation from a kingdom to an empire.

Nikolaoz had a clear understanding of Da Ming's mentality, and he answered Elena's question: Da Ming and Osman would only meet and disagree.

In the traditional concept of the Central Plains dynasty, there is only one emperor.

All the military operations during the Hongwu period were aimed at knocking down the Beiyuan Emperor and bringing it down to the Beiyuan Hanting.

This is the political significance of military operations during the Hongwu period.

"I understand." Hu Wei took the order, and with the highest instruction, in the contact with Osman, the Ministry of Rites had a sense of proportion and a bottom line.

Hu Wei carefully sorted out the recent information about Ottoman in his mind for a long time and said: "The Ottoman Kingdom itself relied on the Roma Sultanate to survive with difficulty. The Mongols executed the last Sultan of the Roma Sultanate, and the Roma Sultanate perished. The Mongolian army returned to the east, and Ottoman took the opportunity to become independent."

"Osman is certainly not Turkic."

Kang Chengzhi didn't lie, he himself is indeed a descendant of Kang Jinde, the Guoyi captain of Anxi Dadu Protectorate, and he can explain the things about his ancestors very clearly.

But the main body of the Ottomans was not the Turks.

Unlike the Timurid Kingdom, the White Horde Khanate, and the Kurumus Kingdom, not all of the Ottomans were Turkic, and even the main body was not Turkic.

After repeated communication with the Roman envoy Nicolaus, the origin of Ottoman was determined.

The Sultanate of Roma, another barbarian who wanted to destroy Eastern Rome and claim the title of Emperor himself.

Hu Wei continued: "The ancestors of the Great Qin Kingdom were really rich, but as the territory continued to shrink, the size of their army gradually shrank, and they had to rely on foreign mercenary corps."

"It's like during the Eight Kings Rebellion in the Western Jin Dynasty. The Eight Kings hired Hu people as their army, and they were finally backlashed. The Yongjia Rebellion occurred and the Western Jin Dynasty perished."

"Ottoman is the main source of mercenaries for Great Qin, and so is the Roma Sultanate."

The origin of the Ottomans is not Turkic, they are always borrowing the name of others, today is Turkic, tomorrow is Mongolia, and the day after tomorrow is Rome.

Because they don't have it themselves.

This is also the reason why Yexian used the seal of Da Ming's obedience to the king, Yexian is not even a Khan, he has to rush to Batu Sarai before he can inherit the position of the Great Khan.

Printing and ribbons cannot be used just by carving a seal with a radish.

When recognized and embraced, even a seal carved with a radish will be recognized.

Even jade and gold and silver seals are useless when they are not recognized.

This is also the same as when Sun Zhong only borrowed a period of orthodox great treasure, he immediately replaced it with Zhu Wengui's seal.

Because in Daming no one recognizes the orthodox great treasure.

Zhu Wengui's seal was supported by the Advisory Council established by Li Xian.

Zhu Qiyu looked at Ma Huan, who was over 50 years old, but still had extremely capable eyes.

Ma Huan presented Ming Xuanzong with a well-known gift, the Qilin Ruishou, which is the giraffe.

Since the ninth year of Xuande, Ma Huan has been writing "Yingya Shenglan". The Yingya is the sea; the Yaya is the land.

This is not only a travel and sightseeing guide, but also the geographical features and cultural customs of the countries that went south to the West during the Yongle period.

There has always been a debate in Ming Dynasty about whether to open the sea or not to open the sea. It lasted until the Chongzhen period of the late Ming Dynasty.

Ma Huan, Guo Yan, Minister of the Ministry of Industry Wang Xie, etc. are all Kaihai School.

Ma Huan has been writing for 17 years. He wants to tell stories to let people in Ming Dynasty know what a foreign country looks like: there is land that can be harvested three times a year; The spices all over the mountains were knocked down by the wind, swallowed by the land and turned into dust; there are Java and Krumus that emit oil when they step on it.

Ma Huan wants to arouse Daming Kaihai's interest again by telling stories.

In the second year of Jingtai, Ma Huan finally finished writing "Yingya Shenglan", and came to the capital to seek publication, but to no avail.

"Can I still go to the sea?" Zhu Qiyu looked at Ma Huan and asked.

Ma Huan thought for a while and said loudly: "Yes!"

"Cultivate more experts, and we will open the sea in the future. If you need it, Xing'an, give me money." Zhu Qiyu signaled Xing'an to take the money.

Xing'an took out a ticket. This piece of paper can be exchanged for [-] silver coins in Daming's inner warehouse, and it will be used as a training fee for opening the sea.

This amount of money can support about 110 Jiuzhongtang in Yu Shaobao.

A very huge sum, which is also Zhu Qiyu's determination to open the sea.

The Ministry of Rites is responsible for the construction and management of Tongshitang, the specific accounts are checked by the Ministry of Accounts, the appointment and dismissal of officials is selected by the Ministry of Officials, the Ministry of Industry is responsible for building shipyards, city ship divisions, and wharves, and the Ministry of War and the Five Army Commanders are responsible for training sailors.

Jinyiwei, the Ministry of Criminal Justice, the Metropolitan Procuratorate and the Sixth Division are in charge of rumors and rumors, impeaching and inspecting lawlessness.

In order to open the sea in Ming Dynasty, various ministries are closely cooperating.

Tickets are bills such as banknotes made by Zhu Qiyu with cotton paper, with ink and stamped on them.

The steel seal of this kind of bill is a screw press steel seal, which is difficult to imitate, and it is used in a small range, in order to facilitate the withdrawal of large silver coins.

Zhu Qiyu all said with emotion: "One hundred thousand silver coins, after I take out the money, the Imperial Academy, Guozijian, and Fengxian officials are afraid to scold me again, what waste of state money, learning the language of the barbarians, arguing against the barbarians wind."

"Another hat of a subjugated king."

The subjugated king, fishing, fighting crickets, overthrowing the house, and being lenient when predicting the enemy are all one of Ming Dynasty's political jokes.

The envoy from Rome, Nikolaoz, could barely understand several other jokes, but the joke of the subjugated king, Nikolaoz couldn't understand at all.

This is a political joke unique to Daming. To understand the joke, one must have a deep understanding of Daming's culture and politics before he can smile knowingly.

"I made an interesting thing." Zhu Qiyu took out the watch he made and said with a smile: "The balance with hairspring replaces the isochronous pendulum as the timing unit, and the power element is the mainspring. The better the quality of the reed, the better the quality of the reed. With a uniform texture, precise timekeeping can be achieved.”

A pendulum clock with a thickness of a bamboo tube nearly half a foot high was placed on the table.

It doesn't have hour, minute and second hands, instead it is a five-layer chronograph unit, which is why it is half a foot high.

"It is coated with heavy oil, which can effectively prevent rust. The only disadvantage is that it is not anti-magnetic, which is unsatisfactory." Zhu Qiyu was a little dissatisfied with this precise timing watch.

He tried to use tin-bronze alloy or cupronickel to make the hairspring, and the anti-magnetism became better, but it was too soft, and it became very bad after a few days.

Antimagnetism requires a breakthrough in basic materials, and Zhu Qiyu has no choice.

Zhu Qiyu added a compass as thick as a needle to the top of the clock. Once it starts to spin around, it means that the nearby magnetic field is unstable and you need to leave immediately.

This is Zhu Qiyu's positioning tool for Li Binyan's global voyage.

"Can I give some of these watches to Shang Lu? They are making an annals of the world, so naturally they want to measure the world." Hu Yi held the cylindrical watch weighing about one catty and looked at it for a long time.

The ticking sound is fascinating, and each sound is one second.

Zhu Qiyu nodded and said, "Okay, wait until the New Year is over."

Zhu Qiyu will make and calibrate the watch, and after more than ten days of checking and calculation, the watch that has never been faster or slower by one second will be sent to Nanya by a special person, a total of more than a dozen accurate clocks.

Thirteen days later, Li Binyan received an accurate timepiece from the capital.

At noon, through the time difference, Li Binyan measured and calculated the latitude and longitude of Songjiang Shipping Division, and marked it on the map.

"It's almost the same as our long-term calculation. The latitude of Songjiang Prefecture's shipping department is 5°54' east longitude and 31° north latitude." Belin recorded the longitude and latitude of Songjiang Prefecture, and took a very thin needle and stuck it in the copper on the globe.

The longitude and latitude of Tai'an Palace are 0°, and the north latitude is 39°54′.

Beilene continued to record and said with a smile: "The clock sent by His Majesty is accurate. The latitude and longitude of Nanjing is 31°14' north latitude and 2°52' east longitude."

Li Binyan and Bei Lin determined after a long period of astronomical observation that the longitude of Songjiang Bosi was exactly the same as the longitude of the precise clock sent by His Majesty.

This means that the clock sent by His Majesty can be simply used to measure longitude.

This is good news for Li Binyan. He also sent a bunch of books, which were naturally written by Ma Huan and others.

"Send these two clocks to Yuegang Shipyard, and test the sea along the way to see if they work well." Li Binyan sent the clocks in his hands.

Daming's first four seas test kicked off, but the difference is that this time the four seas test is measuring the earth, not looking at the sky.

The Ming Dynasty should change the method of drawing geomancy maps, using latitude and longitude instead of the traditional method.

The longitude is measured through the more accurate clock and watch, and the dimension is observed through the sextant.

On the latitude and longitude scale, to describe the mountains, rivers, cities, etc. of the Ming Dynasty, and then bypass the degrees.

The bypass of degrees is one of the achievements of the great speculation in the cultural field of the Ming Dynasty.

Li Binyan is on the observatory, and most of the time he acts as an astronomer, looking up at the starry sky and thinking about the universe.

After he stepped off the observatory, he was an official of Daming and the governor of Liangjiang.

Li Binyan held a letter from Ryukyu in his hand.

"Where is Commander Tang? Go and gather Commander Tang, Commander Yuan, Dudu Yue, and Commander Ji." The letter in Li Binyan's hand weighed a thousand pounds.

Because in Ryukyu, Ming's influence has not completely disappeared.

How did Shang Taijiu, the younger brother of Ryukyu King Shang Jinfu, leave Ryukyu and seek refuge in Daming?

At the beginning, Yuan Bin's trio raided and captured Zhao Mingrui, the Pu family who cheated the three thousand children of Zhao Song's clan. Later, Li Daitao stiffened and changed his surname to Zhao.

They don't deserve the surname Zhao.

Zhao Song was sorry to everyone in the world, but not to the Pu family. The Pu family killed three thousand children of Zhao Song's clan and surrendered to Hu Yuan.

Emperor Taizu Gao banned the Pu family from taking the imperial examination, so they changed their surname to Zhao.

The three of Yuan Bin were in Ryukyu, leaving a Tiqi beside Shang Jinfu to protect Shang Jinfu's safety.

When there was turmoil in Shuri Castle, Shang Jinfu handed over his younger brother Shang Taijiu to Tiqi and was buried in a sea of ​​flames.

In the end, this skilled Tiqi sent Shang Taijiu back to Daming.

This Tiqi is still alive.

It is worth noting that this Tiqi was originally not a military household, but a craftsman named Chen Wusan from Wang Gong Factory.

Before the battle to defend the capital, Chen Wusan responded to the emperor's call and transformed from a blacksmith to a soldier in the Ming Dynasty's capital camp.

Then he changed his name to Chen Fuyin, which was the time when the Ming sergeant changed his name on a large scale.

Chen Fuyin fought against the vanguard of the Wala people outside Guangqumen, cooperated with His Majesty in seizing the Dragon Banner of King Jili outside Deshengmen, supported Sun Ting who was beaten to the corner outside Xizhimen, set up an ambush at Qingfengdian, and fought to the death If you don't retreat, you will be inseparable from Agadorji and Yexian first.

Then he went to Jining and Hetao, and finally became a hundred households of Jinyiwei.

Chen Fuyin followed Yuan Bin, Ji Duo, Yue Qian, and his majesty to suppress the rebellion, fought through the north-south post road and the post road leading to Huguang, and then went to Ryukyu to capture Zhao Mingrui.

Chen Fuyin, who was born and died for Daming, has received a basket of first merit cards. He can return to Daming with Shang Taijiu.

But Chen Fuyin did not leave in the end, but returned to Ryukyu.

Because there are Ming people on Ryukyu Island, the Kume gentry living in Kume Village, they are originally Fujian people with 36 surnames.

Li Binyan called Tang Xing, Yue Qian and others over, precisely to support the Kume gentry in their fight against Japanese pirates.

　Thank you for the 1500-point reward of "Wind from the Spring and Cold", thank you for the 1-point reward for "Beastly Defeats Reason 500", thank you for the 122-point reward for "Yeguang Country's Fried Noodles", and thank you for the 100-point reward for "Shu Ether" , thank you for your support.Li Binyan is not MacArthur.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)