1635 Han style rises again

Chapter 748

September 9th, Beijing Normal University, Forbidden City, Qianqing Palace.

With a bang, Emperor Shunzhi slammed a piece of white jade paperweight on the imperial steps, and the impact caused the precious paperweight to shatter into several pieces, and the flying fragments even hit several people kneeling in the front row. important minister.

But seeing the emperor's anger, many important ministers headed by Sony did not dare to say a word, and knelt down on the steps, bowing their heads even lower.

"Once upon a time, the fall of the hypocrisy was imminent, and we were in constant fear. But now, we have invaded the border every year, and invaded the border every year, and our soldiers and horses along the coast of the Qing Dynasty are so fearful of the enemy, allowing them to come and go as they please, and captive our people. Plunder my people's wealth and destroy our coastal border towns." Emperor Shunzhi said with a livid face: "If it is true, the false Ming landed in Tianjin, wouldn't it take less than ten days to drive straight in, successfully enter the capital, and make us a success in one fell swoop? Catch it!"

"Your Majesty, calm down!" Sony raised his head and said, "There are more than [-] of my Eight Banners armored cavalry stationed in Tianjin, and there are also [-] elite troops from the Eight Banners in Beijing, and there are even more troops gathered in Baoding and Cangzhou. Raid me in the land of Gyeonggi."

When Emperor Shunzhi heard the words, he immediately gave Sony an annoyed look. Is this what I want to express?Co-authored, the important area of ​​Gyeonggi is guarded by my Eight Banners elites, so that the hypocrites dare not attack.So Liaodong, Hebei, Shandong, Denglai, and Jianghuai, etc., just let the hypocrisy wreak havoc?
In other words, the past few years of my Qing Dynasty have been really unfavorable. Not only did I lose the bravery that swept the world like when I first entered the customs, but I was hit hard on several key battlefields.

On the southwest battlefield, Liu Wenxiu of the Ming Army was driven out of Sichuan, and then Hanzhong was lost. Li Guohan and Wu Sangui relied on the terrain of the Qinling Mountains to support them, and barely kept Shaanxi and defended Shanxi.

As for the Huguang battlefield, Sun Kewang and Bai Wenxuan first captured the entire Hunan, and then threatened the Yangtze River.If it hadn't been for Shuo Sai, Nikan and others to follow Kong Youde's advice, concentrate all the cavalry, and take advantage of their maneuverability to counterattack the Ming army twice in a row, they would have almost allowed the opponent to attack the north bank of the Yangtze River and enter Henan.Even so, in the face of the Ming army coming to aid from Jiangxi, the Qing army camp in Huguang was still under heavy pressure.

What was even worse was Jianghuai. Nasun hoped to mobilize more than [-] main forces of the Ming army. It avoided the threat of the pseudo-Ming soldiers in Shandong and Henan.

In the current situation, the offensive and defensive momentum of the Ming and Qing Dynasties is changing, and our Qing Dynasty seems to be in a completely passive situation.

Yesterday, Emperor Shunzhi received another report from Yizhou express horse, saying that tens of thousands of Ming troops landed in Rizhao County, then broke through the side wall, captured Juzhou, and threatened Yishui, Yizhou, Zhucheng, and Anqiu.In the end, fortunately, the local garrisoned Han army was loyal to the king's order and fought back bravely. After more than half a month of hard work, they repelled the Ming and Qi allied forces and beheaded more than two thousand people.

After receiving this pond newspaper, Emperor Shunzhi was instantly furious.Hmph, tens of thousands of troops have landed, are the generals here deceiving me because they don't understand military affairs?If the Ming army really dispatched tens of thousands of soldiers and horses, how many ships and supplies would have to be used to carry out such a large-scale landing attack.The opponent is afraid that they can directly attack several prefectures, counties and prefectures, and establish a solid stronghold after my Qing side.

Therefore, Emperor Shunzhi believed that the Ming army that attacked by sea was no more than a few thousand soldiers and horses.In Yizhou Town, where Juzhou is located, there are more than [-] Qing troops stationed, and Jining has [-] Mongolian cavalry and [-] affiliated Han troops stationed there. Three hundred miles away from Yizhou is the location of the Southern Expedition camp—— Xuzhou has more than [-] troops stationed there.Under such circumstances, this group of thousands of Ming troops could come ashore, break through Juzhou, wreak havoc for more than ten days, plunder countless Chinese people from the Qing Dynasty, and finally leave calmly.

From this point of view, I, the general of the garrison in the coastal defense area of ​​the Qing Dynasty, feared that he had owed the grace of God, so he was perfunctory!
Has their desire to be loyal to the emperor and serve the country been completely lost?

Following the several major military defeats of the Qing Dynasty, the anti-Manchu struggle in the northern interior also continued one after another.Over the past ten years since entering the customs, all kinds of contradictions have been complicated, and the ethnic contradictions are particularly intense.Therefore, Emperor Shunzhi felt that the top priority for consolidating his rule was to bribe, appease the Han people, and suppress resistance.For this reason, he worked hard to promote enlightenment to strengthen ideological rule.

A few years ago, Emperor Shunzhi admired Confucius. He called on his subjects to respect Confucius and read scriptures, and advocated loyalty, filial piety and righteousness.In September of the ninth year of Shunzhi (1652), he personally led all the kings and ministers to wait until the Taixue grandly released Confucius, and performed two kneels and six kowtows in person.

In the spring of the 12th year (1655), he ordered the Ministry of Rites to say: "I am the emperor who governs, culture and education are the first, ministers to the emperor, and scriptures are the foundation." , The Ministry of Erbu then sent an order to the scholars of the Zhi province to train and supervise the scholars, all the history of the Six Classics and the history of morality and economics must be studied and understood, and the style can be used.” Calling on the whole country to read the scriptures.He believed that "filial piety is the most important thing in governing the world since ancient times", and Feng Quan, a special scholar, was appointed as the president to compile "The Book of Filial Piety".

He vigorously advocated loyalty, filial piety and righteousness to the point where it cannot be added.Shunzhi granted Guan Yu the title of "Loyalty, Divine Martial Guan Sheng Great Emperor", which deified Guan Yu's loyalty.He repeatedly ordered the "loyalty, filial piety and integrity" people in all provinces to be commended, and he paid attention to the unification of Manchu and Han.

Through advocating loyalty in an all-round way, the image of the Manchus as defenders of traditional morality was established, and it was expected to have a certain positive effect on eliminating the psychological estrangement of the majority of Han people towards the Manchu rulers, on alleviating ethnic conflicts, and especially on stabilizing the hearts of the Han landlords. effect.

In view of the vulgarity and political tyranny of the banner people, Shunzhi also actively won over Han landlords and gentry, and he enhanced the power of Han officials and reused them.He already felt the importance of the harmony between the Manchu and the Han to maintain the system, and was determined to change the phenomenon of "every yamen played a role, but some Manchen ministers did not see the Hanchen". Into this chapter", it is required that "Manchu and Han ministers, ministers and ministers above should come and play together", so as to achieve the "one heart and one morality" of Manchu and Han.Although it is difficult to achieve it completely in practice, and his attitude towards Han officials is always repeated, his thought of improving the power of Han officials has developed.He also repeatedly asked Manchu and Han officials to work together in harmony, "All political affairs in the meeting should be discussed with the Manchu and Han people, and the matter should be considered, and it should be the most appropriate." The phenomenon reappears.

When Fulin was in charge, the shortage of money and food has reached more than 1653 million taels, and there was a serious financial difficulty due to "payment deficit".And five years ago ([-]), after Jiangnan was captured by Sun Kewang, Li Dingguo, Zheng Zhilong and other Ming troops allied with the Naqi State, it made the situation of "exhausted national treasury and huge deficit all year round".

The whole Qing Dynasty has realized the truth that "soldiers who are hungry will rebel, and people who are poor will steal".In order to stabilize the social economy, some positive measures have been taken, among which the most prominent ones are policies to encourage land reclamation.

Emperor Shunzhi accepted the suggestion of the scholar Fan Wencheng and others, and carried out farming and reclamation in the tenth year of Shunzhi.The key areas are Shandong, Denglai, Hebei, Shanxi and other provinces that have been severely damaged by the war. The government distributes cattle seeds and recruits people to cultivate them. In the summer of 14, the regulations on persuasion and punishment for supervising reclamation of wasteland were announced.The regulations stipulate that the governors and officials at all levels, such as the Taoist government, prefectures and counties, and guards, will be rewarded according to the amount of land reclamation within one year or increased by one level. reward method.It also stipulates that "if the reclamation is false and the land reclamation has been restored, the old and new officials will be punished separately." In the winter of 15, the method of donating funds for land reclamation was implemented: "Scholars and people from the prefectures and counties who have been appointed as civil and military officials and idled to dispose of the gentry, and those who can donate money to land reclamation are invited to the Ministry of Reclamation, and they are respectively appointed and promoted." The implementation of the land reclamation policy has achieved some results. The distressed social economy has played a role in recovery, but because the national war has not been extinguished and the society is still in turmoil, generally speaking, the effect is not great.

In addition, in order to alleviate social conflicts and ethnic antagonisms, and to cater to the support of Han officials in the DPRK and China, Emperor Shunzhi withstood the opposition of many Eight Banners nobles and began to gradually reduce the punishment of the escape law to reduce huge social turmoil and economic losses. .

In short, in order to cope with the gradually revived Nanming regime and keep the remaining half of the country, Emperor Shunzhi has already played all the cards in his hand.

"Where is Fan Shaobao?" Emperor Shunzhi looked at the many Manchu and Han ministers in the hall, but there was no figure of Fan Wencheng in the train, so he asked aloud.

"Back to the emperor, after Fan Shaobao asked for a rest due to illness, he has not been on duty for many days." Bahana (nephew of Nurhachi), a scholar of the Zhonghe Palace, hesitated for a moment, and said with a bow.

"Huh?" Emperor Shunzhi couldn't help frowning.

Five years ago, when the Ming army went to attack Jiangnan, because the Qing army's forces were concentrated in Huguang and the southwest, there was a heated debate between fighting and defending.However, Fan Wencheng proposed in a unique way, temporarily abandoning Jiangnan, preserving the strength of our Qing Dynasty, and actively attracting Sun (Kewang), Li (Dingguo), Zhang (Huangyan), Zheng (Zhilong) and other Ming army forces into the army. In the "jar", they thought they raised "Gu" and tried to use their contradictions to kill each other, so that I, the fisherman of the Qing Dynasty, benefited and won without a fight.

Then, a few years later, in the south of the Yangtze River, which was relied on by my Qing Dynasty as a "gu pot", there was no warlord scuffle between the various ministries of the Ming army due to mutual competition for power. False emperor, taking Nanjing as a temporary presence, constantly accumulating strength, determined to make the Northern Expedition.

As a result, Fan Wencheng's so-called "raising Gu" plan failed completely, causing many Manchu and Han ministers in the court to sneer at him, and even accused him of misrepresenting my Qing state affairs and losing half of the south of the Yangtze River, so that the situation of my Qing Dynasty It's so difficult, I want to thank the world by killing him.

Although Emperor Shunzhi was a little disappointed, he did not convict Fan Wencheng for this. On the contrary, he still actively consulted his opinions on many major policies, and his favor remained the same.

However, Fan Wencheng remained unusually silent for a long time thereafter, and became more cautious in his words and deeds in the court, and repeatedly asked for an official post on the grounds that he was over sixty years old, but Shunzhi politely dissuaded him, and he has remained in office until now.

But today, Emperor Shunzhi convened important ministers to discuss the countermeasures against the puppet Ming Dynasty's annual border raids, and Fan Wencheng actually took sick leave and did not come to court.This made Shunzhi feel dissatisfied in his heart.

Is this old slave seriously ill?
Or is there a heart of resentment secretly, and an excuse not to come to court?

After Dorgon's death, Emperor Shunzhi gradually stabilized the political situation by continuously attacking and eliminating the forces of Dorgon's faction.Then he "dismissed the kings Baylor and Beizi to manage the affairs of the ministry," thus concentrating power in one body and becoming a veritable emperor of the Qing Dynasty.Today, he has been in power for seven years, and his power is gradually growing. He originally wanted to make great efforts to govern, to show his grand plans, and to create an unprecedented Qing Empire.

Unexpectedly, in recent years, they have suffered consecutive defeats in the military. First, they lost Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan, and then Fujian surrendered and rebelled. Immediately afterwards, even Jiangxi and Jiangnan were taken away by false Ming.Last year, the Pseudo-Ming even launched a massive Northern Expedition, occupying Sichuan, Hanzhong, Hunan, and most of Jianghuai, and advancing on the Central Plains.

In this situation, among the nobles of the Eight Banners and many Manchu and Han ministers, some rumors of treason and injustice spread faintly, saying that Emperor Shunzhi's virtue was poor and his fortune was shallow, and he was embarrassed to take on the responsibility, and ruined the great situation created by Dorgon. Let it go, I am afraid that my Qing Dynasty will be completely driven out of the pass by the false Ming Dynasty, and return to Liaodong as a savage.

After Emperor Shunzhi heard about it, he was ashamed and indignant. If it hadn't been for the empress dowager's gentle words of advice and comfort, he might have fallen into an inescapable confusion, but he would also feel a little bit disheartened deep in his heart.

In fact, Emperor Shunzhi had an ambitious and enterprising temperament, but he also had the persistent symptoms of impetuousness, irritability and willful indulgence.Originally, starting from Nurhachi, the rule of the Qing court was that the court ladies should not be Han Chinese.However, under the influence of the eunuchs, coupled with the failure of the state affairs, in recent years, Emperor Shunzhi has been pursuing sensuality and indulging in pleasure, and selected a large number of Han court ladies to fill the palace.He also abolished the empress twice, and only loved Concubine Dong E, enjoying the pleasure of the palace.These actions were more or less criticized by the kings of the Eight Banners and many ministers in the court.

"Your Majesty, slaves have the right to play." Tu Hai, a bachelor of the Hongwen Academy and Minister of the Ministry of Punishment, stepped out of the train and bowed his head to play.

"speak!"

"I ask the emperor to issue an order to recruit people in Liaodong to reclaim wasteland and colonize the land of Longxing, in case of emergencies." Tu Hai said loudly: "The situation in the world today is falsely showing that it is menacing. Along the coast, the small country of Korea surrounds the northeast, and Shaanxi and Gansu seem to be independent. On the other hand, in the north of the Qing Dynasty, the people's hearts are not calm and wars continue. On the other hand, the Han troops stationed in various provinces have gradually become suspicious, and even secretly There are countless generations who have passed the song. For the sake of the future, for the hundreds of thousands of banner people of our country, and even more for the Qing Dynasty, I invite the emperor to open a border in Liaodong!"

When Emperor Shunzhi heard this, he looked at Tu Hai in astonishment.Although the state affairs of our Qing Dynasty are difficult at present, we still occupy half of the country. Has it reached the point where we need to manage Liaodong and think of the way out?

"Slave...second proposal!" Ye Bilong hesitated for a moment, and stepped out of the train, "Also, after the rebellion of the Qing Dynasty, Sarhuda, took over Heishui (now Heilongjiang) a few years ago, and took over the local tribes, I also defeated our Qing army twice. If this thief is connected with the Rakshasa from the far west, it may become a vital point and put our Liaodong in danger! What's more, our Eight Banners' armor soldiers will also be cut off. So, The imperial court should focus on Liaodong, increase colonization and management, and consolidate the base and cultivate the source."

"Slave...Second the proposal!" Soni bowed to Emperor Shunzhi, and said in a deep voice: "Please issue an order from the emperor to open the border in Liaodong!"

Emperor Shunzhi was silent for a while, and nodded slightly.

In October of the 15th year of Shunzhi (1658), the Qing court changed Shengjing Angbangzhangjing to Shengjing General, and appointed Suke Saha as Shengjing General and Liaodong Reclamation Ambassador, and implemented official orders for recruiting people to reclaim wasteland in Liaodong and Jilin. Encourage rich and wealthy families to go to Liaodong to reclaim wasteland: "If there are wealthy households that can develop more than [-] mu, they will be recruited according to the case of recruiting people in Liaoyang."

(End of this chapter)