Daming Yuanfu

Chapter 1899 The Sword Points at Dongying (Circle [-]) Daming Royal Military Academy
Zhang Wanbang's courage is undoubtedly called bravery, but bravery is never reckless. Zhang Wanbang's daring to make such a decision has its basis, and it is supported by the balance of power formed after his careful analysis.

If only in terms of military strength, the North Korean army has more than [-] troops, and his troops can only go out of the city to fight with only [-] troops. The ratio of troops between the two sides is about nine to one.

The traditional art of war believes that "ten can surround it, five can attack it, double it can fight it, divide the enemy, defend it if it is small, and avoid it if it is small".

It means that if I am ten times the enemy, I will encircle and suppress; if I am five times the enemy, I will attack; if I am twice the enemy, I will try to defeat the enemy;If the army is weaker than the enemy, avoid fighting.

According to this point of view, Zhang Wanbang had better run away as soon as possible, even if he is a little bit more courageous, he just sticks to the city.
However, Zhang Wanbang's military thinking is mainly influenced by high pragmatism. For example, his cognition of "strength" is almost entirely derived from the high pragmatism of firepower density theory, that is, the strength of "strength" depends on the strength of weapons within a certain period of time. The number of ammunition fired under a certain number of circumstances.

Looking at the battle we are facing now, it is a mathematical problem: Compared with the firepower density of the [-] Ming army and the [-] Korean army, which side has the advantage?

Of course, this question should take into account that the battle is divided into different stages, so the question will also be divided into different stages. For example, in different stages such as long-range combat, medium-range combat, and close combat, the firepower density of the two sides is obviously different.

At the same time, there are some related factors that will affect the firepower density, such as the damage endurance of the two armies - that is, how many casualties will lead to turmoil and morale collapse.

According to Zhang Wanbang's understanding of the Korean army, although they received many obsolete firearms from the Ming army, Quan Li believed that the old-fashioned muskets supported by the Ming army were not effective (this is compared to the Japanese army's iron guns), so they only needed a few. The eye gun, and other various muskets were not used.

They mainly strengthened artillery, such as the "Shengzihao Cannon", which was looked down upon by high pragmatism more than 20 years ago.

In Zhang Wanbang's view, although the opponent's artillery has been strengthened, it is only stronger than the Japanese pirates' army with almost no artillery, and it is far worse than his troops who are all equipped with Jinghua artillery.

Not to mention muskets, the three-eyed blunderbuss are not even as good as Japanese iron cannons, and can only be fired at close range to hear the sound. In fact, they are more used as iron maces, which are incomparable with his Wanli II style.

On the whole, in terms of firepower density, even though the Korean army has a huge advantage in military strength, it is actually inferior to the Ming army.

Regarding these issues of firepower density, Gao Yushi had a detailed discussion with Qi Jiguang, and later Qi Jiguang gave more detailed teaching to the generals who participated in the training during his lectures.

Speaking of teaching, one more thing needs to be explained here.Qi Jiguang returned to Beijing after going south a few years ago to frighten the riots of the Cao army. He received some commendations, and then resigned from the post of commander of the imperial guards because of the expiration of the upper limit of his term of office. long.

This academy was established under the impetus of Gao Yushi. Speaking of which, Gao Yushi took a lot of effort to promote this matter at the time, because the public opinion of the entire imperial court did not support it—to be exact, " Not much support” is the practical school, and almost all other officials are opposed to it.

China has never had such a tradition of military academies. Although there were corresponding "military masters" in the era of commanding and fighting, it existed as a school. In theory, anyone can learn freely of.

Even if you want to talk about inheritance, it is mostly family inheritance or family inheritance. In addition, apart from Guiguzi who once taught two outstanding disciples of Pang Juan and Sun Bin, which is a bit of a "teacher's sense", there are few military academies.

In the era before the high-practice time travel, all countries in the world basically had their own military academies. The number of academies varied according to the size of the country, and the common origin of these military academies was generally believed to have originated in Europe.

As one of the birthplaces of early civilizations, why is China not the birthplace of military academies but Europe is?Of course, it is because the social realities faced by the two sides are different.

Military colleges are usually regarded as a kind of "university", and universities appeared very early in the Arab world. The earliest known university in later generations - Karouin University in Morocco was founded in 859. It was originally used to discuss QZ Temple of Academic Issues.

More than a hundred years later, the Egyptians established Al-Azhar University in Cairo, which is the second oldest university in the world and the first university to grant degrees to students.

Later, Europeans were influenced by the Arab world during the Crusades, and after returning home, they also established their own universities under the influence of the church.University of Bologna, University of Paris, University of Oxford and other well-known institutions of higher learning were successively established from the 11th century to the 12th century.

Compared with these general universities that mainly teach art, theology, law, and medicine, military academies developed much later, which was mainly determined by the organizational form of the European military at that time.

During the reign of Charlemagne in the 8th century AD, his most effective machine of state violence was an elite cavalry force.The excellent maneuverability of these cavalry made possible efficient expeditions, which helped Charlemagne build a huge empire covering an area of ​​more than 110 million square kilometers.

In order to win over the hearts of the cavalry, Charlemagne granted these cavalry land as their fief.Later, Charlemagne's grandson, Charles the Bald, in order to further win over the hearts of the people, declared that the land granted by the state to reward these cavalry was hereditary.

These initiatives of Charlemagne and Charles the Bald created perhaps the most famous aristocratic class in European history-the knight class.These well-trained and well-equipped knights almost replaced infantry during the reign of Charles the Bald and became the main source of military power of the Carolingian Empire.

Later, the Carolingian Empire fell apart because of its unique inheritance law [Note: its inheritance law is simply a bit like China's Tweeting Order].Although the powerful empire fell apart, the knight class created by the empire was carried forward by the successors of Charlemagne because of its fierce fighting power.

In the later development, the knight title and the fief began to be separated, that is, the fief can be conditionally inherited, but the knight title is not hereditary.Therefore, if the son of a knight wants to maintain his status as a knight, he must go through various experiences on his own and be awarded a knight at the age of 21.In this process, it is necessary to serve other knights as attendants to accumulate experience and obtain qualifications.

In the process of stepping from a noble boy to a knight, these "future knights" will receive quite strict training and gain valuable technical and tactical training.This training process is basically equivalent to the functions of the later military academy.Therefore, since the country does not need to promote outstanding military talents outside the knights and nobles, it naturally does not need military academies to train military talents.

The feudal era of China at this time is similar. Most of the military talents either come from the family inheritance of military families, or directly come from the survival of the fittest in wars—whether it is rewards for meritorious service in the country’s foreign wars, or the selection of domestic wars for repression and anti-repression. .

Since China has been in a political environment of great unity for a long time, even if there is an occasional "Ding Li" situation, the strength of each country is relatively strong, and military talents can continue to emerge through continuous wars, so there is no social foundation for the emergence of military academies.

Speaking of Europe, the education model for military talents in the age of knights changed in the middle and late Middle Ages.Due to the continuous development of military technology and the art of command, knights riding tall horses and wearing heavy armor are no longer invincible.

During the Hundred Years' War, the English longbowmen defeated the French knights twice in the Battle of Crecy in 1346 and the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.

In the Battle of Nancy in 1477, the Lorraine-Swiss coalition army completely defeated the Burgundian Knights with pike infantry as the main force.Known for his chivalry, the Duke of Burgundy "Charles the Bold" was also killed in this battle by a Swiss ax spear splitting his head, which directly led to the disintegration of the Duchy of Burgundy. Partitioned by the Fort Dynasty.

These military changes in the 14th and 15th centuries showed the strong rise of infantry in the European cultural circle, which prompted European countries to begin to establish professional armies with infantry as the main body.The fallen knight class was quickly absorbed into the professional armies of various countries.

Although knights and soldiers of noble origin can often have higher ranks in the army by virtue of their blood advantages, at this time there is no longer an insurmountable status gap between knights and ordinary soldiers.

Even because the military skills that the phalanx infantry needs to master are far less than that of the knights, and even if they are peasants, as long as they are professional soldiers, they still have enough time to train military skills.Therefore, in the European armies of this period, knights and peasant soldiers were often only distinguished by blood.

In order to expand more career directions, some old knights in France began to establish knight schools that only recruited knights and noble children.Soon, this trend also swept the German region.

Compared with general conscripts, students who graduated from knight schools can be qualified for the positions of officers in the army relatively easily because they have been exposed to mathematics, engineering, artillery and tactics in school. The knight school began to evolve into the direction of the military school.The importance of this "pre-service education" was fully reflected in the military reforms that came quietly later.

Beginning in the 18th century, European countries that had completely emerged from the haze of the Middle Ages successively established their own modernized nation-states. European powers such as Britain, France, Austria, and Prussia were able to maintain much larger standing armies than before—this meant that these countries A larger supply of junior officers is needed.

In addition, artillery, an extremely destructive weapon, came to dominate warfare.The attackers began to need more advanced artillery, and the defenders also began to need stronger fortifications.As we all know, modern artillery relies heavily on mathematics and ballistics based on it, and the construction of field fortifications requires more advanced engineering knowledge.

This is the social soil that military academies need, the so-called "demand creates supply".

In 1748, the War of the Austrian Succession ended in a near draw.The leaders of both sides of the war, France and Austria, who are also the strongest countries in Europe, found that they were extremely short of well-trained junior officers during the war.

This is because at that time only noble military schools evolved from knight schools were able to send low-level officers to the army.These military schools had expensive tuition fees and only recruited noble children. Most of the right-age students were screened out during the admission stage, so they could not supply enough junior officers to the increasingly large armies of the great powers.

As a result of war experience, France and Austria established military academies with relatively loose admission requirements almost at the same time—the Royal Military Academy in Paris and the Theresia Military Academy in Vienna.The two oldest military academies in the world were both founded in 1751, the former in January and the latter in December.

Today, the rewriting of the laurels of the world's oldest military academy was completed by Gao Yushi, skipping court disputes and directly persuading the Ming emperor. The majesty of the emperor established after the capture of Hailongtun skipped court disputes and established the "world's first higher military academy" on the grounds of renaming "Daming Military Academy" as "Daming Royal Military Academy".

As the strongest military training expert in the Ming Dynasty, Qi Jiguang was recommended by Gao Yushi as the first president of the Royal Military Academy of the Ming Dynasty, and Gao Yushi himself was discovered by the emperor as the "honorary president" when explaining a series of rules and regulations of the "Military Academy" to Zhu Yijun. This thing is very interesting, so it was awarded the post of "Lifetime Honorary President" of Daming Royal Military Academy.

Here we need to mention the meaning of the military academy being dubbed the word "royal": one of its most direct influences is that the future honorary dean and dean of the academy will be appointed directly by the emperor himself, without going through the cabinet. , Six Parts and other discussions are not subject to its jurisdiction.

The court is directly responsible to the emperor, which is the meaning of the word "royal".By the way, because of being crowned with the word "royal", the flag and emblem of the academy are allowed to use the five-clawed dragon pattern - but because it still needs to be different from the emperor himself, the army is called "soldiers are precious and fast", "soldiers are precious and fast", " It means "as fast as the wind", and the shape of the dragon pattern of the Royal Military Academy of Ming Dynasty is stipulated as a special type of dragon pattern.

[Note: The forms of dragon patterns are very rich, such as ascending dragon, descending dragon, Zhenglong, regiment dragon, standing dragon, walking dragon, and even Erlong Xizhu. ]
The establishment of the Daming Royal Military Academy is based on Gao Yushi's belief that with the participation of Jinghua Group, the military system of the Ming Dynasty has begun to "modernize". Promote the establishment of a talent training mechanism.

In the future, Gao Yushi also plans to gradually improve the military academy system at all levels under the Daming Royal Military Academy, such as establishing "Jiliao Military Academy" and "Xuanda Military Academy" in each governor's district.

Even Gao Shishi hoped that after the victory in the war against Japan, the "naval division" would be changed to a navy, and then the Daming Royal Naval Academy and its subordinate naval schools would be established.
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PS: Originally, the matter of the Military Academy should have been written after Liu Ting pacified Bozhou, but I accidentally forgot it at the time. I just remembered it today, so I might as well write it as a supplement... I will write about Dad teaching his son tomorrow.

(End of this chapter)