The end of the Ming Dynasty swept the world

Chapter 820 Banks and New Money

This has to be changed to the former Ming Dynasty, and many people will shout, such a plunder, how can the demeanor of the kingdom of heaven come from, how can I do such a shameless thing in a state of etiquette in the Ming Dynasty.

Fortunately, Lu Daqi remembered that it was Dagan, not Daming.

This is for the sake of killing the people, this is for the sake of killing the people, Lu Daqi silently recited it several times in his heart, and his face looked better.

"The Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Communications and Construction must urge all localities to build water conservancy projects and hoard fields to grow grain. I have worked harder than before. I have plenty of money, and I must spend what should be spent. The imperial court can provide cattle and farm tools in the Northwest for free. Let the people of the world move, let them see hope, see hope."

"The ministers obey the order."

Ding Yi can't run out of money now, plus the robbing from Yunnan and Annan, it is estimated that there are two to three hundred million.

Ding Yi intends to let money flow as soon as possible. In the words of later generations, even infrastructure construction is fine. Investing tens of millions in infrastructure construction, water conservancy, and road construction can improve the lives of all walks of life and countless people.

After talking about the first major event, Ding Yi talked about the second major event, formulating a new measure of unity.

Qin Shihuang did this before, and Ding Yi wants to change it.

A catty in the Ming Dynasty was about 594.6 grams in later generations, and Ding Yi was calculated as 600 grams, not 500 grams in later generations, because a catty in later generations was still 600 grams, and this was the case in Hong Kong, Macau, and even Japan.

Simply put, grams are used all over the world, but catties are not. Every country has its own standards for how many grams per catty.

Ding Yi continued to use Daming's 594.6 grams per catty, and after adding a few grams, set it to 600 grams per catty, and proposed the concept of "gram" in Dagan.

One catty is changed to ten taels, that is, one tael is ten qian, and one qian is six grams.

The balance of uniformity is actually not very difficult, because in the past, a catty in Daming was equal to a catty in Daqian now, only a few grams in weight.

One catty is changed to 600 grams, as long as the folk and official scales are rebuilt and replaced.

But after Jin, Ding Yi carried out the reform of Shi and Ton, which is more troublesome and needs to be promoted slowly by the people.

In the Ming Dynasty, stone was counted both as weight and capacity.

In the Ming Dynasty, one stone was ten liters, two Dendrobiums were one stone, and one stone was 153.5 Jin. (Because a catty in the Ming Dynasty was 594.6 grams, it is equivalent to about 180 catties in later generations.)
Ding Yi set one stone as 200 jin, and five stones as one ton. Only the weight was calculated, and the capacity was calculated in liters and dendrobium.

After this reform, the national unified weight unit, gram, money, two, catty, stone, ton.

The capacity is related to the density of the object. Like later generations, water and weight can be interchanged at present, and other materials can only be spread across the country step by step through the teaching and promotion of universities.

After Ding Yi set the stone at two hundred catties, it was equivalent to a corresponding increase in the welfare and treatment of officials.

There is more rice per stone than before, and the price of rice is also slightly higher than before.

There are also meters and steps that have been reformed in the same way. Starting from the government and schools, meters are used instead of steps. The rest of decimeters, centimeters, miles, and kilometers are the same as those of later generations.

Considering the acceptance and communication of this era, the folks need to slowly promote it, mainly for the government and schools to use it first. It is estimated that it will take at least two or three years to fully promote and cancel the previous invention.

The cabinet members at the scene were very supportive of the establishment of a new measure. One stone was changed to two hundred catties, and each catty was a few grams heavier than before. This is to improve everyone’s welfare in disguise.

"Your Majesty, what is a bank?" Someone asked at this time.

Ding Yi said: "During the Northern Song Dynasty, there was a kind of Jiaozipu among the people."

With a wave of Ding Yi's hand, Zhong Xian took a pile of materials and gave everyone a copy.

Every time Ding Yi holds a meeting, he will send out some materials, which clearly describe the content of the meeting, what to do, and how to do it.

At first, everyone was a little surprised. After reading it, I found that this is very good. What each department needs to do, what to study today, why to study, and what is the role, are clearly written in the materials, and then everyone will work together to study how to do it. better.

In the past, when the court held a meeting, it was just relying on everyone's mouths to quarrel. What was said in the front could be forgotten later, which was completely inefficient.

Ding Yi is now going to court in the Huangji Hall, and he can basically complete the day's discussions before noon every time, and he attaches great importance to efficiency.

Some officials at the scene had heard of Jiaozipu.

As early as the early Northern Song Dynasty, due to the reasons of transportation and mining production capacity in Sichuan, the earliest paper currency "Jiaozi" in Chinese history appeared.The resulting "Jiaozipu" was the earliest financial institution in the world at that time.

The operation process of Jiaozipu is quite similar to that of today's deposits: customers deposit iron money that is not convenient to carry in Jiaozipu, Jiaozipu will issue a deposit certificate to customers, and exchange iron money for customers at any time, according to the deposit amount and time Charge client fees.The certificate issued by Jiaozi shop is "Jiaozi".

Jiaozi developed from a personal friend to an official Jiaozi, also in the Northern Song Dynasty.Jiaozi was gradually accepted by merchants.When they found that they didn't need to go to Jiaozi shop to exchange iron money after every transaction, Jiaozi directly became the medium of exchange and took on part of the functions of currency.

From bartering to using coins, civilization has progressed not a little bit.After Jiaozi was used, Jiaozipu found that if some of the savings of depositors were used, it would not affect the cashing of Jiaozi and the reputation of the store, and it became a loan.

Originally, the Jiaozi shop was pretty good, but later, due to the participation of officials in the Northern Song Dynasty, the officials used power to monopolize and launder money, and went through a process of appreciation and depreciation of reputation.This directly led to the decline of Jiaozi.As a financial form, Jiaozi represented the highest level of economic development and social civilization at that time.

"Jiaozi is a bit like a Ming Dynasty treasure." Zhang Shenyan whispered after reading the information: "But it is a bit different from a treasure."

"Jiaozi and Daming Baochao both failed. The reason for the failure is the official participation. Jiaozi is an official for personal gain, and Baochao is an official that only goes out but not in. There is no morality at all." Ding Yi said directly.

The Ming Dynasty issued precious banknotes, but they only went out but not in. They issued military pay and used precious banknotes, but they refused to accept them when they collected taxes, or even refused to accept them. There was no credibility and morality at all, and precious banknotes would naturally fail.

"A bank is similar to Jiaozipu. For example, Ma Shiying, you have to bring [-] silver from the capital to Sichuan. The journey is far away, and it is very inconvenient to bring cash."

"But our bank has branches in Beijing and Sichuan."

"You deposit 1 taels of silver in the capital, and then take the voucher. When you arrive in Sichuan, you can use the voucher to get back the [-] taels of silver. Not only is there no risk, but there is no burden along the way. It is very easy."

With Ding Yi's explanation, everyone naturally understood.

The first bank-like bank in history was called "Rishengchang". It was originally established in Shanxi in 1823 by Shanxi merchants.

So before that, there were actually no silver tickets. All the silver tickets in movies and novels were for the needs of the plot.

Some people ask, if the certificate is lost or stolen, can it still be taken back?

Ding Yi said, if you carry silver, it is easier to be robbed and more eye-catching. A silver ticket can be stored anywhere, which is much safer.

"For a bank to run well, the most important thing is the credit of the imperial court and the quality of bank officials."

"That's why I have very high requirements for bank officials. Anyone who does something that damages the credibility of the court, one word, 'cut', all the family members will be executed, all property will be confiscated, and no one will be kept."

The faces of the officials were shocked, and they clearly felt Ding Yi's determination to run the bank well.

But Ding Yi kept an eye out. He was planning to limit the imperial power, but he had to let his brothers and his descendants have money to spend.

He formulated a plan that the imperial court would run the bank in the first place, and then the private bank could be started later.

Of course, Ding Yi should do it himself first.

In this way, the Dagan Royal Bank under the Ministry of Commerce was formally established.

The first president was Zhu Xiangyang, the left servant of the Ministry of Commerce.

Zhu Xiangyang used to be the governor of Dayuan, and he had been engaged in economics in Dayuan. Now Ding Yi transferred him back to specialize in banking.

Before the end of next year, branches will be established in all the chief secretaries of the province, in all state capitals in the following year, and in all counties across the country after five years.

After Ding Yi finished talking about the establishment of the bank, he waved again.

Zhong Xian quickly took another box, and distributed the contents to everyone's hands one by one.

Many people get it for the first time.

Zhong Xian first gave someone a coin.

"This is?" Bing asked Shangshu Zhang Jinyan with a face full of surprise.

I saw that the copper coins in his hand were similar to those of the Ming Dynasty, but they were brand new and well-made, with deep and clear textures.

In the Ming Dynasty and the Qingming Dynasty, copper coins made by the people and even Japan were popular. As mentioned earlier, copper coins from the Song Dynasty were also popular in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.

The common people agree with copper coins very much.

Ding Yi has now formulated a new 'Dagan Tongbao'.

"Dagan Tongbao, the denomination is one penny." Ding Yi explained: "15 pieces weigh one or two, and one piece is about four grams."

"In Dagan Tongbao, one gram is copper and three grams are other metals."

Hiss, Zhang Shenyan exclaimed, "Isn't this deceiving the people?"

If one catty of copper makes four catties of copper coins, the imperial court is making black money. Did you just say you were trustworthy?
"How do you call cheating the people?" Ding Yi was speechless: "The banknotes of the Ming Dynasty can only be withdrawn but not taken in. That is called cheating. We send it out and take it back in the same way. How can it be called cheating?"

Ding Yi is to reduce the cost of copper coins, and from the end of Ming Dynasty to the present, the whole world is short of copper.

Ding Yi used to manage Dongjiang Town, and there was surplus copper used to make cannons. Now he has to manage the whole business. He wished he could melt the copper cannons to make copper coins, so he could only reduce the cost.

"In the future, only the copper coins minted and issued by the Dagan Royal Bank can be circulated in the market. The rest of the copper coins cannot be circulated. You can go to the bank to replace them. Slowly replace all other copper coins in Dagan territory."

And after Ding Yi reclaims these copper coins, he can go back to the furnace and recast them, making four catties per catty, which is cool again.

The most important thing is that the copper coins made by Ding Yi are cast and pressed by hydraulic machine tools and steam power. The texture is very clear and it is difficult to copy. If you copy it, you can tell the authenticity at a glance.

On the front he has the words Dagan Tongbao, and on the back there is a painting, and there is still time 'the first year of benevolence'.

These characters can be cast with such textures that it is absolutely impossible for folks to prevent them.

Of course, Ding Yi minted more than these silver coins.

(End of this chapter)