The end of the Ming Dynasty swept the world

Chapter 865 Percussion gun and breech loader

Ding Ye came out covering his ears, thinking, I'm not stupid, and my father didn't say I was stupid.

He Xiaohua was naturally embarrassed to come to dinner with her classmates and colleagues at night.

Zhang Ping asked about Ding Ye, and Ding Ye just remembered that he didn't know how to be reserved, so he told Zhang Ping directly that Xiaohua asked me to find someone to propose marriage, and I would have forgotten if you didn't tell me.

Flutter, Zhang Ping spewed out a mouthful of wine.

He looked at Ding Ye left and right, but he didn't feel that Ding Ye was more handsome than himself?Did He Xiaohua know that he was the prince?

"You're leaving tomorrow, and you just remembered now?" Zhang Ping immediately said, "Leave two days later, let's get this done first?"

"How can this be done? This matter is too troublesome. It's too late. Let's go to Yangzhou first."

"..." Zhang Ping.

Zhang Ping thought to himself, if my daughter chooses someone like you in the future, I must break her legs.

The news reached Ding Yi that night.

Ding Yi called Lu Chao and Li Zhongyi, the commanders of Jinyiwei, and asked about He Tiezhu's situation.

Then Ding Yi rested his chin on his hand with a sad face.

After all, he is also the number one sea king of Ming Dynasty, but his son is useless.

No matter what, He Xiaohua has to go to bed tonight before leaving.

"I heard from Zhang Ping that He Xiaohua has a good personality." Ding Yi said, "Ye'er is not up to date, but we can't let him be too casual."

"Find someone to bow down to, let's make a decision first."

So the next day, Ding Ye took his men and horses to Tianjin Pier in a mighty way. Lu Chao sent someone to pretend to be a matchmaker, and gave a generous gift in the name of Ding Ye's family, asking for an engagement first.

Although He Tiezhu was dissatisfied with the engagement, he was also quite happy.

But on the second day after receiving the generous gift, He Xiaohua was found missing.

He Xiaohua left a letter to go to Yangzhou to find her husband.

This made Lao He angry, but there was nothing he could do.
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In late November of the third year of Rende, Ding Yi came to the Craftsmanship Department of the Ministry of Industry.

Many people from the Craftsmanship Division and the Technology Division were present at the scene.

In January of the second year of Rende, the Craftsmanship Department made Lei Gong, and then began to study Lei Gong fire hats with the cooperation of the Science and Technology Department.

After more than a year and nearly two years of research, the Daqian Empire finally produced the Lei Gong cap and equipped it on the flintlock.

Of course, at this time, according to the principle, it has progressed from a flintlock gun to a percussion gun.

Let me talk about the advantages of thunder mercury first. The full name of thunder mercury Hg(ONC)2 in Chinese is mercury fulminate. It is positioned as a primer. Because of its own nature, it is easy to corrode the barrel and projectiles. The current primer has been detonated by lead azide and other new detonators. However, at that time, it was already a cross-age invention. This highly sensitive primary explosive would be detonated after receiving a slight impact of 1-2N, and the detonation speed could be as high as 5400m/s (2000m/s for smokeless propellants). Received After the impact, it detonates, and the sparks generated can ignite the propellant in the gun chamber.

Ding Yi quickly got a percussion gun, which was not much different from the previous flintlock gun in appearance.

So what are the benefits of a percussion gun?Why can he easily replace the 300-year-old flintlock guns of various countries with the same loading method in history?
First of all, the percussion gun does not need to be filled with ignited powder in the medicine pot, which can increase the loading speed to a certain extent, and the state is easier, and the soldiers are easier to use. Without the medicine pot, the airtightness is also better, which greatly reduces the leakage of gunpowder from the ignition part. Gas to further improve weapon performance.

The second most important thing is that there is a fire delay when the flintlock gun is fired, because the gunpowder in the pot must be completely burned before the gun chamber can be ignited. The ignition process is slow. When shooting a moving target, the burning time needs to be calculated in advance.

When Ding Yi's soldiers and horses used to fight against the Qing Dynasty, only skilled veterans could control them freely. Many recruits were not effective against cavalry, and it was more luck. (Because the Qing Dynasty often used a large number of cavalry to rush into the gun formation, and they could hit one with their eyes closed)
At the moment when the percussion gun hits the cap with the hammer, the flame generated by the thunder mercury will directly rush into the medicine chamber at a speed of 5400m/s, which makes the percussion gun shoot the moving target with higher accuracy and easier to aim and shoot.

In addition, the percussion gun has a simple structure and low cost, and most importantly, the misfire rate of Ding Yi's flintlock gun is about 1/10, while the percussion gun can reach 1/200 or even lower.

Such a low misfire rate can directly and greatly increase the combat capability of the percussion gun, which is also the main reason why the percussion gun has quickly become a mainstream firearm.

Li Zhongyi introduced to Ding Yi at this time: "Now this flintlock gun does not need to be filled with ignited powder in a pot, which improves the loading speed, and does not need to burn gunpowder, and there is no slow ignition process."

"Our skilled gunners can fire four shots a minute."

"The key is that the misfire rate has been greatly reduced. On average, two hundred shots are fired, and only one shot misfires."

This is where the percussion gun is at its best.

At this time, rifling and Minie bullets (called bullets in Dagan) are added, and the range of the percussion gun can reach an astonishing 450 meters.

And within 200 meters, it can easily penetrate the iron armor, and it can be torn apart within [-] meters.

In the later period of the battle between Ding Yi and the Manchu Qing, in order to resist Ding Yi's flintlock guns, many Eight Banners elites wore iron armor, chain armor and cotton armor. After wearing three armors, the flintlock guns could hardly penetrate 50 meters away. If it is pierced through, it will not die on the spot, at most it will suffer some injuries.

Of course, there were too many Ding Yi flintlock guns at that time, and the craftsmen and iron materials of the Manchu and Qing Dynasties could not keep up with it, so it was impossible to popularize the three armors on a large scale. Only a few elites could wear the triple armor, and they were eventually defeated.

Now the percussion gun and the rifled Minie bullet can break through triple armor within a hundred meters. With his body distance and speed, the era of cold weapons will soon be over.

Ding Yi tried a few shots with his own hands, and it really felt good.

"Hahaha, yes, yes, you have done a good job. All the staff involved in the Craftsmanship Department and the Technology Department will be rewarded. Each person will be rewarded with 1000 taels of silver, plus ten acres of land, and the monthly salary will be promoted to one level."

"Thank you, Your Majesty." Everyone was overjoyed.

"This gun is completely different from the flintlock gun, so please give the emperor a name?" Li Zhongyi said flatteringly at this time.

Ding Yi glanced at him with a smile, and what else to take, later generations will have: "This gun is fired in the form of a percussion, we will call him a percussion rifle."

"The emperor is holy." Everyone shouted in unison.

Ding Yi said that the percussion rifle is because the spring wheel gun can now be replaced and the percussion pistol can be made in the same way.

But it's not state-of-the-art, and could still be improved for this day and age.

"This percussion rifle is called Type 48 for the time being." Ding Yi said again: "You should study and study and make improvements."

"See this gun stock?" Ding Yi held it up: "Think of a way, use the breech mount."

"Reloading the front chamber is still very troublesome, and you need to poke it in, which is very time-consuming."

"Find a way to make a hole here and push the bullet through the back."

"At least ten seconds of time can be saved."

What Ding Yi was talking about was the breech loading method of later generations.

After the birth of the trigger gun (1808), 27 years later, in 1835, Dre of Prussia invented the first breech-loaded needle trigger gun in history. This gun already has the concept of fixed charge , use the paper tube as the cartridge case, install the projectile, the propellant, and the primer together. When loading, use the bolt to push the bullet into the cartridge from the back. After pulling the trigger, the firing pin on the bolt penetrates the paper case and hits. Primer.The gunpowder is ignited, and the projectile is fired.

Now Ding Yi's percussion gun has come out more than 100 years ahead of schedule, and Ding Yi put forward the concept of breech loading in advance, which can greatly reduce the research time of engineers and craftsmen.

Sure enough, as soon as Ding Yi proposed it, the eyes of the engineers and craftsmen on the scene brightened up. The emperor's proposal is very unique, isn't it?

After all, everyone has used it for hundreds of years to load ammunition and gunpowder in the front, and no one thought, why can't they be loaded in the back?
The improvement of the percussion gun has reduced the number of cauldrons. If the gun is loaded from the rear and gunpowder is not required, the shooting speed will definitely increase by leaps and bounds, which is unimaginable.

"If you load from the rear, you need to load the projectile, propellant, and primer together." At this time, the British engineer Schweig of the Science and Technology Department put forward his own idea at this time.

He was the main inventor of the rifling back then, and when he heard what Ding Yi said, he immediately thought of the key points.

"Sylvie, you are talking about a further percussion gun. You can use a copper cylinder or a paper cylinder as the shell, and then put the bullet, propellant, and primer together? Use a needle impact to trigger the shooting."

"Come here, give me a pen and paper." Ding Yi was about to start drawing as soon as he became interested.

Li Zhongyi also knew his habits, and had already prepared for him to get a pen and paper.

Ding Yi saw that it was actually a quill pen, and then dipped it in ink: "This is it?"

"Originally, I planned to ask the emperor to go to the Science and Technology Department to look at it after watching the percussion gun. This is a new quill pen made by the Science and Technology Department, and it can be written with ink."

"The writing is relatively small, and the copying is pretty good. It's economical, hahaha." Li Zhongyi laughed.

In the past, Daming always used a brush, and the characters written were relatively large, which was a bit useless.

Based on the carbon pen invented by Ding Yi, the Department of Science and Technology created the quill pen, which is simple and practical.

The use of quill pens has actually been recorded hundreds of years ago, but it did not become popular until the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe.

In the 18th century, Newton, Britain's greatest scientist, was at the peak of quill pen use.

Newton devoted himself to the research of mathematics, astronomy, and physics in his early days. It is estimated that Newton had over ten million words of calculation, reasoning, and writing in his life.
All writing work is done with a small quill pen.Newton's writings total more than 140 million words (including later

Theology), all from the little quill.

Ding Yi looked at the brand-new quill pen, was full of praise, and ordered it to be promoted nationwide on the spot.

Ask again, who invented it?

Li Zhongyi said, "It's Simon."

It's actually Portuguese.

The corners of Ding Yi's mouth twitched slightly. Thanks to his efforts, the craftsmen and scientists have surpassed the sum of all ancient Chinese dynasties, but in terms of innovation and creation, they are not as good as foreigners for the time being.

Because of their childhood education and learning experience, they just don’t like to discuss with others. Chinese people are good at working alone behind closed doors. Many people don’t like to ask others when they encounter problems. More people are afraid that their skills will be learned by others.

So Chinese craftsmen don't like to communicate.

(End of this chapter)