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Chapter 197 Guan Yu was called the Martial Saint and was respected by the Qing Dynasty

Although Yue Fei is a general, his literary attainments are also extraordinary: "Manjianghong" is as majestic as Su Xin; "Little Heavy Mountain" is as graceful as Wen Liu.

At the same time, he also has achievements in calligraphy, especially good at cursive, "Book Xie Tiao" and "Diao Gu Chang Wen" are unique and majestic.

Top famous generals in ancient China: Sun Wu Baihan; Wei Huo Liyue.

Sun Wu and Wu Qi complement each other; Bai Qi competes with Wang Jian, Lian Po, and Li Mu; Han Xin and Xiang Yu are representatives of "seeking war" and "brave war" respectively;

Only Yue Fei, who stands alone, is superior to all the generals in the world.

And the ZTE generals in the Southern Song Dynasty also had their flaws.

Zhang Jun is greedy for money; Shizhong is lustful; Guangshi is cowardly;

Yue Fei's achievements are unrivaled, but he has always been humble and kind, dedicated to his duties, just like the bright moon to the stars.

Emperor Gaozong once asked Yue Fei when the world would be settled.

Yue Fei replied: "Civilian officials don't love money, military generals don't spare their lives, and the world can be peaceful!".

How shocking this statement will be to the treacherous courtiers!

Before the Qing Dynasty, Yue Fei's status was very high, but Guan Yu's status was not very high.

However, as the descendants of Jurchen, Man Qing gradually raised Guan Yu's status in order to maintain the rule, while Yue Fei was ignored and even slandered.

In later generations, Lu Simian, one of the "Four Great Masters of Historiography", served the Wang puppet regime, advocating "Yue Fei is not a national hero" in order to attack the people's anti-Japanese ambitions. This is a crime of treason!
In later generations, there are still so-called "public intellectuals" clamoring for such remarks in the academic world.

His heart can be punished!It can be killed!

In public and private, in the country and at home, Yue Fei will do what he can to the extreme.

How fortunate that there is Wu Mu in China!Worthy of being a perfect man through the ages!

…………

"Huh? So the Qing Dynasty deliberately raised Guan Yu's status to attack Yue Fei? There is such a thing?"

Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang couldn't help asking questions when he saw this.

If I had known earlier, at the beginning of the establishment of the Ming Dynasty, he regarded Yue Fei as a martial saint.

Although the Wu Temple was later withdrawn by him, it did not affect Yue Fei's status in his heart at all.

At the end of the Yuan Dynasty, in order to stabilize the hearts of the people, the rulers re-edited the history books, highly praised Yue Fei in the Song Dynasty, and even exaggerated the description of what he did during his lifetime, which further improved Yue Fei's status.

Zhu Yuanzhang is different.

He praised Yue Fei because he was completely overwhelmed by his temperament, and he really admired Yue Fei.

This is different from the Yuan Dynasty emperor.

In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the land of the Central Plains was troubled both internally and externally, with foreign tribes from all over the world staring at it, and bandits and bandits inside.

Coupled with the treachery and evil in the court, the situation of the entire Ming Dynasty is like a flat boat in a huge wave, just like the desperate situation of the Song Dynasty.

Therefore, under such a historical background, Yue Fei is naturally the best candidate to inspire the hearts of the people.

In this way, Yue Fei was repeatedly mentioned by both the government and the people, and his status was constantly elevated in the process.

Zhu Yuanzhang once specifically listed Yue Fei as a famous general of all dynasties, and raised Yue Fei's sacrificial treatment to a very high level.

Later, Xu Youzhen built a Yuefei Temple, and Emperor Jingtai went to write the inscription in person.

During the reign of Emperor Shenzong of the Ming Dynasty, the officials put Yue Fei on the same status as a god and named him "Emperor Jingmo". Since then, Yue Fei's reputation has reached its peak.

…………

"Guan Yu?"

"The Qing Dynasty would highly praise Guan Yu, but not Yue Fei?"

"What is the reason?"

Tang Taizong Li Shimin did not understand.

Logically speaking, if Yue Fei is so invincible, he should be more suitable than Guan Yu, right?
…………

Guan Yu should be said to be familiar to all women and children.

Guan Yu, Guan Yunchang, Guan Gong, in ancient times, especially in the Qing Dynasty of China, his status was many times higher than it is now.

First of all, there were about 30 Guandi Temples nationwide in the Qing Dynasty.

I am afraid that at that time, every village in the country would have, on average, one Guan Temple.

Guan Yu, known as Wu Shengren in the Qing Dynasty, is similar to him in that Confucius is known as Wen Shengren, but the number of Confucian temples is far less than that of Guan Temple.

To what extent was Guan Yu admired by everyone in the Qing Dynasty?
There is a saying that Guan Yu respects the three religions of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and is worn by the four people, scholars, farmers, businessmen and businessmen.

Almost all handicrafts and other small workshops imaginable in ancient China, such as pedicures, shaving, business, pawn, leasing, etc., more than 100 industries, they all take Guan Yu as their ancestor.

Even in many places and many industries in later generations, when he worshiped the ancestor master, he pulled Guan Yu out to worship him.

In China's military history, Guan Yu is naturally a strong No. [-], but he may not be ranked among the top few.

But after more than 1000 years of historical evolution, Guan Yu has gradually risen from a mortal to the level of a god.

About a dozen emperors granted Guan Yu more than [-] times, turning Guan Yu from a prince into a king, into an emperor, into a saint, and even deserved to be enjoyed in the temples of various dynasties. The praise of Guan Yu came in the Qing Dynasty. reached the pinnacle.

The former Forbidden City was the Forbidden City when Nurhachi and Huang Taiji were in power.

In the Forbidden City, about a dozen gods were enshrined, but Guan Yu was placed at the highest position.

It was placed in the position of Nurhachi's ancestors.

Logically speaking, isn't Guan Yu a Han Chinese?That is a resounding Han Chinese!
Why did the rulers of the Qing Dynasty admire Guan Yu so much?

The first is the previous rulers of the Qing Dynasty.

Nurhachi, Huang Taiji and Dorgon.

Although they are Manchus with low culture, they have a special love for Han culture.

But because Manchus are not well-educated, it may be difficult for you to let him read a little of the classic work of the philosophers.

But it is relatively easy to read novels like Romance of the Three Kingdoms.

So in the Song Dynasty, there was a saying that "Zhao Pu ruled the world with half of the Analects of Confucius", saying that his knowledge was too poor, and he could govern the world with only half of the Analects.

But in the Qing Dynasty, there was a saying that "half of the Three Kingdoms conquered the world", this thing is really true.

The early rulers of the Qing Dynasty read the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a popular novel, while fighting the Ming army with their ingenuity in the Three Kingdoms, and finally swallowed up the entire Central Plains.

Love the Three Kingdoms and become the ruler of the Qing Dynasty, the first reason for admiring Guan Yu.

But then in the process of things evolving, one day some Manchus suddenly discovered that in this historical portrait, why does this old man Guan Yu and Guan Yunchang look so similar to our Nurhachi, our emperor.

Both of them have a standard big rectangular face, with the standard red phoenix eyes and crouching silkworm eyebrows, but their expressions are very solemn.

It's just that Nurhachi has a white face and Guan Yu has a red face, so later generations called Nurhachi the white-faced Guan Gong.

Some people even say that Nurhachi's battles in this life and the final outcome are very similar to Guan Yu and Guan Yunchang.

That's why some people put it into perspective, saying that even if this Nurhachi was not born by Guan Yu and Guan Yunchang, at least Guan Yu came down to earth and stayed in the world for a while.

Therefore, the early rulers of the Qing Dynasty were very willing to compare Nurhachi and Guan Yu.

Because after all, at the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu enjoyed a relatively high status among the entire Chinese people and had such excellent qualities as loyalty and bravery.

So, as a foreign invader, he really wants to make his ruler a certain affinity, so that he is ready for his rule.

In fact, similar things have happened before.

For example, when the Tang Dynasty was first established, the ruler of the Tang Dynasty was surnamed Li, so they compared themselves with the founder of Taoism, Lao Tzu Li Er, saying that our rulers in the Tang Dynasty were the descendants of Li Er.

So we are also granted by the gods, so Nurhachi won the title of White Faced Guan Gong.

Of course, officials of all sizes are more willing to build Guan temples, because in their minds, building Guan temples is actually not much different from building Nurhachi temples.

This can not only please the local people, but also please the superior leaders, so why not do this!

Then of course, after the Qing Dynasty almost stabilized the ruling situation, things changed again.

After the Qing Dynasty stabilized its rule, it was eager to have a psychological communication with the vast Central Plains and the Chinese people through a method.

Let everyone feel that although we were invaded by foreigners, after all, we will be a family in the future.

Nationalities can be integrated, so how to integrate?
He needs to respect filial piety and loyalty.

At this time, of course, he also needs to introduce some people as representatives of loyalty.

So to choose various generals in ancient times, Guan Yu is naturally better.

Everyone also said that Yue Fei is actually pretty good!
That's right, in fact, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty treated Yue Fei well!

But after all, what Yue Fei said is easy to say, after all, Yue Fei beat their ancestors in the Qing Dynasty.

Therefore, it is better to praise Guan Yu than Yue Fei.

The admiration for Guan Yu continued until the end of the Qing Dynasty, when it reached its peak.

During the Guangxu period, Guan Yu was given a 26-character posthumous title, which was longer than the posthumous title of Empress Dowager Cixi.

After entering the customs, the Qing Dynasty imitated the Ming Dynasty and worshiped Guan Yu.

Emperor Shunzhi included Guan Yu in the "Group Sacrifice" and offered sacrifices on May [-]th every year, with the intention of using Guan Yu's mythical power to consolidate his rule.

In the third year of Yongzheng, the Qing court granted him the title of duke of the third generation, "Zengchun and Qiu Erji".

In five years, the Baima Guandi Temple in the capital was rebuilt, and Guan Yuzu and his father were enshrined in the temple, and the May [-]th ritual was established.

In the fifth year of Qianlong's reign, the Qing court perfected and confirmed the sacrificial rituals of Guan Yu and the three generations.

From then on to the Daoguang period, Guan Yu's sacrificial rituals did not change significantly.

In the 33rd year of Qianlong's reign, the blue tiles of the main hall and gate of the Guandi Temple outside the Di'anmen Gate of the capital were changed to yellow tiles.

In 60 years, it has been conferred the title of "Loyalty God, Martial Arts, Lingyou Guansheng Great Emperor".

In the eighth year of Daoguang, Guan Yu's title was increased to fourteen characters, and he was called "Loyalty, God, Wuling, Yuren, Yongwei, and Guansheng Great Emperor".

At this time, Guan Yu has become a model of loyalty and bravery, a model of morality and human relations, and a god of "defending disasters and defending troubles".

Guan Yu became the magical weapon of the Qing Dynasty. His moral image can guide the value orientation of his subjects, and his supernatural power can deter the resistance of the ruled.

In the early Qing Dynasty, "Shinto teaching" played an important social role in consolidating the imperial rule; in the late Qing Dynasty, the imperial court increasingly relied on Guan Yu's god to maintain the crumbling empire building.

In the late Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu's sacrifice was promoted from "group sacrifice" to "middle sacrifice", and its political sanctity also expanded rapidly under the urgent need of the dynasty's political quick success.

During the Xianfeng period, the Qing Dynasty had internal and external troubles.

Because of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement and the Nian Army Uprising, Emperor Xianfeng had trouble sleeping and eating, eagerly looking forward to the miracle of the gods.

In this state of mind, Kaifeng, the provincial capital of HEN, was rescued because the Taiping Army changed its strategy, and the Northern Expeditionary Army led by Lin Fengxiang and Li Kaifang failed due to the severe cold, which was easily interpreted as the Qing court's proof of Guan Yu's "spiritual assistance".

…………

"Damn it, Yue Fei's status is not as high as Guan Yu's? Why?"

"Why? Just because Guan Yu is good?"

"Guan Yu is powerful, but compared with Yue Fei, there is still a gap, right?"

"For example? For example, which ones?"

"Let me tell you, first of all, Guan Yu's achievements are not as good as Yue Fei's."

"Guan Yu is an outstanding pioneer, but he is not an excellent commander. Looking at Guan Yu's life record, it is good to attack Xiangyang, kill Pang De, surrender to Jin, and trap Cao Ren in the early stage. .”

"On the other hand, Yue Fei is the commander-in-chief of the three armies. He is an all-rounder on the battlefield. Yue Fei has made great achievements in military affairs throughout his life. During the Northern Expedition, he successfully recovered the six states around Xiangyang and the surrounding areas of Luoyang. In the ten years of Shaoxing, Yue Fei pointed his sword at Kaifeng. He has a great impact on the country and history. made an outstanding contribution.”

"In addition, Guan Yu is completely incomparable with Yue Fei in terms of sphere of influence."

"As the chief official, Guan Yu's jurisdiction is only Nanjun, Wuling, and Lingling, while Yue Fei's jurisdiction includes the entire area west of Kaifeng in Hubei and Henan, as well as the Jurchen-occupied area in Hebei. The two are not in the same amount at all. class."

"The most important thing is that what Guan Yu fought belonged to the Chinese civil war, while what Yue Fei fought against was foreign invasion. Therefore, Yue Fei is not only a famous general, but also a national hero, which is even more sacred in people's hearts."

"Yue Fei's main achievement is to fight against the Jin soldiers and protect the rivers and mountains. The Manchu rulers of the Qing Dynasty were foreign invaders who were of the same clan as the Jurchens of the Jin Kingdom. Naturally, they did not allow the people to regard a national hero like Yue Fei as an idol. The solution is to elect another Find a martial sage to replace Yue Fei."

"Who should I choose? In terms of military exploits, Huaxia has Sun Wu, Wu Qi, Bai Qi, Han Xin, Wang Jian, Wei Qing, Huo Qubing, Li Jing, Li Mu, Xu Da, Xiang Yu, Guo Ziyi, etc. should be better candidates. Why did you choose Guan Yu? Woolen cloth?"

"In my opinion, apart from Guan Yu's high popularity among the people, the more important reason is that the rulers of the Qing Dynasty were only familiar with Guan Yu. They may not have heard of other famous generals."

"The Manchus are a minority and have their own language. Before they entered the customs, they basically didn't understand Han culture, and they didn't read any books, but the Manchu royal family liked to read "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms."

"In our opinion, "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms" is just a novel, not a history book at all, but the Qing court has a deep affection and recognition for it. Therefore, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty deliberately promoted Guan Yu as a new candidate for martial arts."

"Of course, I don't mean to belittle Guan Yu. Guan Gong is undoubtedly a generation of famous generals worthy of respect. I just want to explain: Guan Yu's image is largely shaped by post-production processing, and Guan Yu's status as a martial artist is largely It was held out by the Qing court."

"If you put it that way, it seems to be true."

"The Qing Dynasty admired Guan Yu so much, of course there was a reason for him."

Hearing someone say that, others immediately understood.

(End of this chapter)