Cutting 1719

Chapter 670 Inspection of the Yellow River
After the previous meeting, Dachu began to transform from the original composite gold and silver standard system to the composite gold and silver standard system and the land standard system, which has become the consensus of everyone. Of course, it is far from enough to fully implement it, but With the theoretical basis, the rest is just some details.

Especially for Ning Zhongde, chairman of the China Banking Regulatory Commission, he has been worrying about currency for a long time. Now that he has such a set, he will no longer have to face this problem in the next few decades. explain.

"After the land-based banknotes are issued, I, Dachu, will face a situation where gold and silver coins and banknotes are in parallel. I think that after people gradually accept banknotes in the future, they will gradually recognize banknotes more, after all, compared to heavy gold and silver coins. , Paper money is lighter and easier to carry, and for those big merchants, it will also support paper money more.”

Hearing what Ning Zhongde said, Ning Yu smiled and said: "Ernst has gone to Europe now, and Uncle Wang also needs to pick up the burden of the coinage committee, but there is one thing, after all, there are precedents for making gold and silver coins. It can be found, and there are not too many difficulties, but it is the first time to make banknotes that can truly be circulated in an anonymous manner, so we must do the relevant technical work well!"

Ning Yu sighed softly, everything has pros and cons, just like the advent of banknotes solves many problems that cannot be solved by gold and silver coins, but banknotes also face many problems, among which counterfeit currency is a more difficult problem to solve. There are still counterfeit currency manufacturing groups until the 21st century.

Especially during the war, there were even many cases of large-scale counterfeit money from one country to another country’s currency, just like Japan produced a huge amount of counterfeit money and put it into the Kuomintang-controlled area during the Anti-Japanese War, taking away a large amount of gold and silver reserves It can be said that the manufacture of counterfeit money is a very important part of the economic war.

Different from the production of gold and silver coins that require a large amount of gold and silver reserves, banknotes are only made of paper after all, the cost is relatively limited, and the face value of the currency is relatively high, which determines that once Dachu promotes counterfeit currency, countless people will want to imitate it To make a profit, even many countries will join in the process of imitating counterfeit money, then how to produce counterfeit money with obvious characteristics and difficult to imitate is a big technical problem.

Ning Zhongde's brows, which had already been relieved, frowned again. He still didn't dare to make a promise, so he could only whisper: "I will definitely do my best to produce banknotes that are safe and can be circulated smoothly."

In fact, Ning Yu will not extravagantly ask the Mint Committee to release banknotes that will not be counterfeited at all. After all, it is unrealistic to completely eliminate them. Control can prevent some people from easily imitating them, thereby controlling the scope of circulation of counterfeit money.

Just like in later generations, Japanese currency has always been known as one of the most difficult banknotes to imitate. Before banknotes, it took a long time to choose the paper material.

The Japanese yen banknotes at that time were made of synthetic paper. During the production process of this special paper, Japanese specialty mitsuga bark pulp was mixed in, which made the banknotes have a special luster and were very tough. Clear characteristics, so it becomes very difficult to imitate the raw materials.

Therefore, Ning Yu is going to directly copy this point, and does not intend to leave any three-clad tree to the Japanese.

"At the beginning, the research institute conducted a research on paper. The research showed that there is a unique three-sandwich tree in Japan. The paper made from its pulp has obvious characteristics and is very crisp. It can be considered as a source of raw material for banknotes."

"Of course, once it is decided to use the santa tree, it is necessary to plan the source of all the santa tree in Japan, prohibiting anyone from approaching, and prohibiting any tree species from flowing out. All sambar trees need to be felled completely, leaving no tree species."

Ning Yu continued: "While developing banknotes, a strict and highly confidential banknote production line must also be established. Any information involved must be highly confidential. In addition, Dali Temple also needs to prepare for possible future issues. Criminal acts such as imitation of counterfeit banknotes shall be severely cracked down on, and any dens known to manufacture counterfeit banknotes shall be destroyed in time, only in this way can the normal issuance of our Dachu banknotes be ensured."

Everyone listened attentively, and couldn't help nodding their heads. If these measures are used to make banknotes, the current problems should be solved, right?
In the summer of the 16th year of innovation, the Dachu Banknote Issuance Expert Committee was quietly established. Before the practice of banknotes is fully mature, they will not appear in front of the public, but for the relevant people, they have knocked in their hearts. After all, once this is messed up, it will become the past Jiaozi or Daming treasure.

The emergence of Jiaozi is based on the background at that time. Since many of the copper coins used in Sichuan at that time were small iron coins with a small face value, it cost 25 yuan to buy a piece of silk, and [-] coins weighed [-] catties. Buying a piece of silk requires hundreds of catties of copper coins, which are difficult to transport to Sichuan along the rugged mountain roads, so it has a great impact on business activities. In order to deal with this situation, merchants invented Jiaozi to replace Copper coins circulated.

Like the original Jiaozi, it is essentially just a certificate of deposit. The depositor deposits the copper coins in the Jiaozi shop, and the shopkeeper fills in the deposit amount on the paper roll made of Chu paper, and then returns it to the depositor, and collects it. There is a certain storage fee, and this kind of paper coupons for temporarily filling in the deposit amount is called Jiaozi.

Because shopkeepers abided by their credit and took them at any time, the reputation of Jiaozi at that time became very high, and merchants also recognized Jiaozi as currency payment more and more, and even began to stop using copper coins and pay directly with Jiaozi. , and a kind of Jiaozi with a unified denomination and format also appeared, which was issued to the market as a new means of circulation. It can be said that Jiaozi already has the embryonic form of a certain credit currency.

By the time of Shenzong, Jiaozi had been recognized by the government. In the early years of Xining, forging Jiaozi was equated with forging official documents, which was a very serious crime. For the reserve, the first issue of "Guanjiaozi" is 36 million Guan, which means that the reserve ratio is 120%, which is not too much.

But the problem is that, for the Song court at that time, it did not realize how important the credit of the credit currency was. Whenever there was a huge expenditure in the court's finances, it would subconsciously abuse its credibility to issue unlimited Jiaozi, and even During the Qingli period, there was no reserve fund at all for the issuance of Jiaozi.

"It was donated by the community to buy and recruit soldiers along the border in Shaanxi. The few are hundreds of thousands of coins, and the most are millions of coins, but they are useless in Chengdu. Please print and make them, so there is no book release every year. Fixed number."

When the credit of paper currency is lost, Jiaozi naturally loses its own value of existence, and the Song court didn't want to restore Jiaozi's credit, but directly changed a name and continued to use it to collect money. During the period, the application of banknotes became more and more extensive. Both the Yuan court and the Ming court printed banknotes arbitrarily, which caused the banknotes to completely lose their credibility.

Nowadays, when people think of banknotes, they can't help but think of Jiaozi and Baochao in the past, so that they also have some doubts about the Dachu banknotes with land as the reserve fund. The reason why it has not been officially announced is that it is only reasonable to wait until everything is in place before releasing it.

In order to more intuitively show the firmness of Dachu banknotes, Ning Yu directly named them "Land Banknotes". The denomination is based on the current silver dollar, which is divided into '1 yuan', '5 yuan', '10 yuan', '20 yuan' Yuan', '50 Yuan', '100 Yuan', etc. These land banknotes can be directly exchanged for land or gold and silver of the same value.

Of course, in order to limit the situation where gold and silver are being exchanged in large quantities, it is specially stipulated that there is a certain limit for the exchange of banknotes for gold and silver every day, but there is no limit for the exchange of land. As long as you have the land 'banknote', you can go to the central bank to exchange Land certificates, dividing the land in equal amounts.

According to the current financial plan, Dachu land banknotes will be issued in the form of long-term construction treasury bonds, and buyers can enjoy the long-term interest on the treasury bonds. Initially, construction treasury bonds worth [-] million yuan will be issued. If private purchases are saturated, the remaining will be The cabinet directly undertakes the national debt in the form of land bonds, which can also make the central bank's books belong to a state of balance, and the land bonds can also be circulated.

After the issuance of construction treasury bonds of 5 million yuan in the first year, 15 million yuan will be issued every year in the future, and all those who want to redeem them can only redeem them in the form of land bonds, while treasury bonds will continue to be issued for 80 years, and the total issuance amount will Reaching the scale of [-] billion yuan can relieve Dachu's current currency circulation funds to a certain extent.

In short, the land bond reform in the 16th year of innovation is of great significance. It not only alleviates the scarcity of currency at home and abroad in Dachu, but also brings in a huge amount of funds, making the current economy of Dachu in the next few years. During the year, a relatively low level of moderate inflation will have a very strong boost to the development of the entire economy.

According to the relevant data report of the Ministry of Finance of the Great Chu, after the success of the land bond reform, the Great Chu will maintain a high economic growth rate for a long time, and the revenue of the Great Chu court will increase by several times or even ten times. At that time, the Chinese imperial economy represented by the current Great Chu will completely separate itself from other countries.

At the same time, the Great Chu Yuanhang Fleet has also arrived in Malacca. After a brief repair in Malacca, they will pass through the Bay of Bengal and the Indian Ocean, then circle the Cape of Good Hope to the South Atlantic Ocean, and then go all the way to the North Atlantic Ocean along the coast of West Africa. The entire voyage It will last about eight months.

Of course, this is also the result of the fact that the Suez Canal has not been dug through, so it has to go around so far, making the entire voyage [-] kilometers farther.

Regarding this point, Ning Yu has no good solution for the time being. After all, if he wants to take the lead in digging the Suez Canal, he must let his influence reach the Middle East and Egypt. It's hard to do, we can only wait for the situation to change.

With the arrival of the scorching summer, Ning Yu once again started to inspect the area, and this time the destination of the inspection was very clear. He would go directly to the northwest, to the windy and sandy yellow land.

In fact, the inspection this time is naturally not a simple inspection of people's livelihood, but Dachu promotes the development of the fifteen prefectures on the one hand, and on the other hand, turns his attention to the northwest and the future, that is, the problem of the Yellow River must be solved , the Yellow River must not be allowed to become a river that threatens the living conditions of the people.

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the problem of the Yellow River has become more and more serious, and since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the Yellow River has burst almost every year, and it is a test of the governance along the river every year. After the customs, a river governor was specially set up to manage the affairs of the Yellow River.

It’s just that the Yamen, the governor of the river at that time, didn’t really take the people seriously, but tried every means to ask the court for money. For example, every time there was a big breach in the Yellow River, the court would spend tens of millions of taels of silver to manage it. And the money also made the officials of the governor's yamen of the river popular in malpractice, and they were even called "dirty officials." '

"Unworthy officials gradually developed bad habits, and then indulged their greed because of their deceit. Faint and extravagant, disasters and happy events, exploiting and manipulating, and endless rivers and valleys."

In order to make more money, many river officials even hoped that the Yellow River would burst every year, so that the central government had to order that the central government only take [-]% of the money and food consumed by the Yellow River breach every time, and the remaining [-]% should be paid by the local government. The reason for the due diligence of the river officials is not without sadness.

Since Da Chu took over the world, a comprehensive rectification has been carried out for the "Yellow River Control Project". The river government office that had been plagued by problems in the past was abolished, and the Yellow River Control Project Committee was re-established to specialize in the management of the Yellow River.

It’s just that at that time, Da Chu was spending money everywhere, and there was really no way to comprehensively control the Yellow River. He could only continue to use the methods in the past to slowly make up for the breach. All require that the victims must be properly taken care of, so that there will be no phenomenon of starvation everywhere.

"The management of the Yellow River must not continue like this. I have already asked the cabinet to compile a relevant plan to carry out the management of the Yellow River. From the methods of relocation, immigration and protection of water and soil, to reduce the sediment in the Yellow River, this time we will go to the field to see, How can we really control the Yellow River!"

Ning Yu recalled the videos of the Yellow River harnessing that he saw in his previous life, and instead of feeling infinite pride, he felt a little sad. In the past thousands of years, how many people died on the Yellow River?How many people look at the river and sigh?

(End of this chapter)