Riding the wind of rebirth

Chapter 111 Dialects
"By the way, here's something interesting for uncle to see." Zhou Zhi turned to a page of notes: "This."

Father Mu picked up the book and found that it was a little play.

"In the past, the books were accurate, but today it is not allowed to be half a cent. If it is not allowed to be the subject, the humble minister will be bumped to death at the palace gate."

Father Mu laughed out loud: "Mom, let me read this to you!"

"In the past, the (bòng) (bòng) (bòng) (bòng) was allowed (zòng), but today (zòng) is not allowed (zòng) half a cent (fōng). pòng) died at the palace gate (móng)! Hahahaha, it's so fun..."

"Oh, what kind of ghost scriptures are you reading, it's so ugly!"

Father Mu laughed and said, "You elbow, it's fun to make this up, but what's the use of doing it out? Who can you show it to?"

Zhou Zhi smiled and said, "Someone read it! The ancient poems and songs are based on this."

"People who study ancient prose, especially those who study the phonology of ancient prose, have a lot of troubles, but we Jiachuan people are born without this obstacle."

"Is it?"

"Let me just give Uncle an example. For example, the word room, we say in Jiachuan is 'Fang Gan'. Uncle, don't you think so?"

"Ah yes! That's right."

"So: Jingkou Guazhou is separated by water (gan), and Zhongshan is only a few mountains away."

"And the meat, let's read in, shall we?"

"Yes."

"So: I would rather eat without meat (ru) than live without bamboo (zu)."

"Hey! It's true!"

"Also, all the poems that rhyme into the sound are awkward to read in Mandarin, but they rhyme completely in Jiachuan dialect, such as "Reading under the Light" by Lu You in the Song Dynasty: The young man likes to write books, but the white head is not full of meaning. The window lamp One point, the place of pleasure surpasses the five desires. Besides, Huangzhou Road, where I live in Xiaoyu Fishing Village. The sound of Xiao Xiao and Jian Jia washes me away from the summer heat. I recite the scriptures and history, and I will continue when I am young and tired. Why do you have to be like Lai Gong, drunk and painted candles all night long."

"Come, come, come..." Father Mu was so happy that he couldn't see his eyes, he stretched out his arms to catch Zhou Zhi's neck: "Elbow, I will have a song with my uncle, and I will use it if anyone dares to laugh at your aunt in the future." He's a bitch!"

"There is one song, uncle, you will definitely know it, and as long as you read it out, I can guarantee that none of them will dare to be white again!"

"Really?"

Zhou Zhi pointed to the great man on the wall: ""Qingpingle Liupan Mountain""

"The sky is high and the clouds are light,
Looking down at the geese flying south (an).

If you don't reach the Great Wall, you are not a hero.
Twenty thousand trips.

The peak (fong) on ​​Liupan Mountain,

The red flag rolls in the west wind (fong).

Today with long tassels in hand,

When to bind the black dragon (long)? ! "

"Hahaha! I want it! I really want it!" Mu's father was ecstatic: "I really don't dare to say goodbye to anyone!"

"So, those who say that Auntie's accent is earthy, in fact, their own culture is limited, and they don't know gold and jade!" Zhou Zhi said.

"Good boy!" Father Mu slapped Zhou Zhi on the back, "Big barbarian! Learn more!"

"Daman helped me sort out a lot this semester." Zhou Zhi said with a smile: "We used more than 700 words in the "Dialect Survey Word List" compiled by the Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences as the basic example words. Passed it once, and basically figured out the initials, finals, and tones of the Jiachuan dialect."

"The other thing is to collect and sort out a lot of dialect vocabulary, and confirm that it comes from ancient written language, ancient spoken language, Erhua, Liandu, tone sandhi, and foreign sources. The interference of some foreign words has been eliminated, and some unique words have been worded. Inferring meaning and making as accurate a text interpretation as possible.”

"Followed by comments and grammar."

"Of course, Daman and I know and grasp it. I heard from Daman that it is far worse than my aunt. We went through the first time by ourselves and the second time with my grandmother, but my grandmother has lived in the county for a long time. I watched TV a lot, and it got a little crooked."

"So there is another task this time, which is to clarify the ambiguities in the preliminary investigation."

"Uncle, these are actually very useful. For example, in terms of relatives in the vocabulary, Jiachuan calls grandfather as male and grandmother as mother-in-law; father as father, father, and father; mother as mother, mother. These are all available in ancient books. I can find it."

"For example, the interjection 'yeah' that people in Jiachuan often say, appeared in the third episode, No.20, and No.30 of "Xiaoxiao Shengcihua"."

"Another example is that Jiachuan people call roasting fire "Xianghuo". This is a word that is often used in the north, but rarely used in the south, but it is found in Jiachuan dialect. In "Jing Shi Tong Yan", in Tang poems, and in "Water Margin", have also appeared."

"Through these investigations, we can basically conclude that the Jiachuan dialect belongs to the northern dialect area, the southwestern sub-dialect area, and a native language of the Shuchuan dialect. .”

"When my aunt helps me figure out the difficult points in the field investigation, I will organize them into an article. I will take this opportunity to go to Shudu to ask experts to have a look. As for whether this effort is worthwhile, it is up to them. It's up to you."

"Even if it's worthless, doing this during the holidays is better than watching cartoons and playing poker all day long, right?"

"That is! At least with your uncle and me, it is valuable!"

Father Mu nodded in affirmation: "When the time comes, let Daman make a copy, and I will read it carefully."

"Okay, when the time comes, make a copy and give uncle some pointers."

That is to say, but what Zhou Zhi is going to prepare is a stepping stone for him to visit Shuchuan University scholars. For Mu's father, the threshold may be too high.

For example, in the Jiachuan dialect, many words with light labial sounds are pronounced as words with heavy labial sounds, but none of the words with heavy labial sounds are pronounced as words with light labial sounds.

This can explain that in ancient times, heavy labial sounds and light labial sounds were mixed without distinction, which can also prove the historical sound change phenomenon of heavy labial sounds changing to light labial sounds.

This is very important, because there is a doubt that is still being debated in the academic circles - "there is no light lip sound in ancient times".

Whether this statement is right or wrong, the Jiachuan dialect collected by Zhou Zhi can provide important supporting evidence for it.

In addition, referring to the system of "Guangyun", an important material on medieval phonology, Zhou Zhihui will compare some of the achievements of the academic circles with the Jiachuan dialect, and analyze some changes in the Jiachuan dialect from the Song Dynasty to the present.

This research is in full swing in the two dialects of the Lingnan area, Hokkien and Cantonese, which are relatively well preserved in ancient Chinese, especially in terms of pronunciation.

However, because the Jiachuan dialect is used in a small area, it is still a virgin land to be developed.

Mandarin has 21 initials, 39 finals, and four tones.

Cantonese has 56 initials, nine vowels, eight finals, [-] finals, and nine tones.

The Jiachuan dialect is between the two, with a total of 21 initials, 42 finals, and five tones.

There is no distinction between l and n in the initial consonant, and there is no other retroflex sound except r.

The final vowel has no eng, ing, ueng.

o is indistinguishable from uo, but many children turn into rhymes.

However, Jiachuan dialect also has a lot of sound and rhyme combinations that are not found in Mandarin, such as ki, jiong, and mong and fong in the previous opera.

There is another one, jio, which is very familiar to netizens in later generations.

There are also some initials and finals that cannot be typed.

For example, the "geese" in "Qingpingle Liupanshan" actually has a guttural consonant similar to "evil".

In terms of finals, the Jiachuan dialect can be divided into two categories: Shu Sheng Yun and Ru Sheng Yun.Compared with the phonology of "Guangyun", there is a big difference between the Sihu of the finals in Jiachuan dialect and the Hongxi of the finals of "Guangyun".

The five tones are Yinping, Yangping, Shangsheng, Qusheng, and Rusheng.

The pitch of the tone is generally low, and the ups and downs are not large.

The final conclusion is: the main evolution trend of the ancient and modern tones of Jiachuan dialect is that the ancient Ping tone is divided into Yinping and Yangping tones in Jiachuan dialect today, and the differentiation rule is Qingyin and Turbidity Yang;

The upper tone of the ancient Qing initial consonant and the upper tone of the subvoiced initial consonant are still pronounced as Shangsheng today;

The ancient full-voiced consonant Shang Sheng is now pronounced as Qu Sheng;
The ancient tones are mainly pronounced in the Jiachuan dialect today;
The last one is the absolute natural advantage of Jiachuan people in learning ancient prose—basically retaining the tone of the ancients.

At this point, it can be seen that the Jiachuan dialect is actually a late-medieval variety of the northern language family. It is quite different from the Cantonese Tang pronunciation. On the basis of 36 rhymes, it has evolved into the legacy of Southwest Mandarin.

Therefore, this thesis will be very solid, except for the part of the fieldwork in the front, and the theoretical research and analysis behind it, in fact, most of Mu's father can't understand it.

Even among the locals in Jiachuan, there may be only a handful of uncles and godfathers who can really understand it.

Of course, this is completely different from Father Mu, who is now happily immersed in the importance of his wife's dialect.

Time is precious, and Mu's mother started preparing dinner after washing the dishes, while Zhou Zhi was interviewing with a notebook.

There is also a problem of context here. Talking to Mu Mu, Zhou Zhi naturally followed Mu Mu's more and more "countryside", became more "authentic", and became Mu Mu's "local accent". , She giggled with joy.

This is the first time since she came out of the mountain village that Mu's mother has not been discriminated against or ridiculed in terms of language. On the contrary, she has received extra attention, which has also made her like Zhou Zhi more and more.

In the evening, the meal was steamed pork with flour. The meat was brought back by Uncle Qiu who sent the wood down the mountain.

Zhou Zhi finally put down his notebook and started to help.

The steamer is divided into two compartments, the fat intestines are replayed on the bottom, and the five-flower oil is placed on the top. The vegetarian dishes under the meat dishes include potato, sweet potato, pumpkin, green beans, and cowpea. After the fire started, Zhou Zhi started to record the work just now. The gains from chatting.

Mu's mother started cooking porridge and the hogweed that Mu Ruyun and Ye Xin brought back, and the fat pigs' grunts of hunger and dissatisfaction could already be heard in the pigsty behind the house.

He also had to feed the running pheasants, and seeing Mu Ruyun walking towards the back of the house carrying a bag of corn, Zhou Zhi guessed that there would be no shortage of chickens.

The reason why Zhou Zhi likes the countryside and his classmates is because of their hard-working, hard-working and simple character.

Dinner in the countryside is eaten very late until eight o'clock in the evening. When the summer sky is about to end and the smell of tamales wafts around, a group of drunks finally wake up one after another.

Yan Xiao rubbed his face with his palms, as if he was still recalling the time at noon: "How did I get to bed? I have no memory at all?"

"You're drunk to pieces."

When Fang Wenyu saw Father Mu, he begged for mercy: "Uncle, you must never come here again at night. This meal at noon is equivalent to not eating, and most of it was poured out."

Father Mu laughed and said, "If the bean curd is poured, it will be poured. In the evening, it will be steamed pork with rice flour. It's a pity to pour it. Feel free to do so."

Casually means that you have to express a little bit, and you can't get through if you don't come at all.

Fang Wenyu had no choice but to put on a bitter face: "Okay."

Zhang Xinyi and Jiang Shuyi also came down. Although they didn't know He Yongmei and Feng Xueshan very well, they were close friends with Ye Xin. They grabbed her when they went up: "Xinxin, you are too much! You made us lose our temper!"

(End of this chapter)