I am Da Song

The reason why the Tsarist Russian Empire and Midi were able to have tens of millions of horses after the process of industrialization obviously has a lot to do with their production forms.

Both countries have vast territories and extensive corn cultivation.

Then under industrialized pastures, a large number of workers use corn, the king of feed, to breed and breed horses in batches in enclosed pastures.

Say goodbye to the manual production of the small-scale feudal economy and the rough grazing of the farming economy, so the number of horses has doubled exponentially.

If it is just a ranch, the Central Plains also had a horse administration before, but the reason why it did not form a specification of 2000 million or 3000 million horses.

A very important point is the rigidity of the government system, the laziness of officials, and the systematic corruption of horse administration.

After all, with the corruption of the Song Dynasty horse government system, losing money is the norm.

Not to mention raising 2000 million horses, even if you give them 2000 million horses, there will only be 10,000+ horses left in a few years.

Therefore, if the Great Song Dynasty wanted to reproduce Tsarist Russia, or even surpass the grandeur of horses in the Tsarist Russian Empire, it was necessary to encourage merchants to open up a large number of pastures in the north.

Then they directly bought nomadic herdsmen slaves and grazed them on a large scale in high-quality pastures.

High-quality pastures are probably the most indispensable thing in Song Dynasty now.

From the north of the sixteen prefectures of Yanyun, the Song Dynasty divided more than 6000 hunting grounds for the first time, with vast grasslands and snow fields.

War horses like high cold, not hot.

From the north of Yanyun to the Wanli Ice Field, such a vast land can be used to set up pastures and run horses to graze.

The pastures are no longer lacking, but there is a lot of surplus, and corn grains have also begun to be promoted. This king of feed can meet the feed needs of the pastures.

Obviously, the last thing Da Song needs to solve is the human problem.

Who will go thousands of miles outside the northern border and run these pastures in the vast snowfields.

For example, the Verkhoyansk Ranch in Tsarist Russia covers thousands of miles.

The merchants of the Song Dynasty obviously targeted the Mongols, Jurchens and polar barbarians with this idea.

In fact, there is no shortage of purposeful tribes in the north, not to mention the tribe attached to the Tang Dynasty from the polar south, even the Qing Dynasty conscripts often went to the barbarian tribes in the north.

For example, the sharp blade of the Qing Empire, the so-called "Invincible in the East" Sauron soldiers, is a collective name for a group of wild Jurchens, from the northern part of Heilongjiang.

Song Dynasty now controls the north more than Nuer Gandusi, so these later famous northern tribes are basically under the control of Song Dynasty.

Zhao Huan carefully examined the current situation facing the Song Dynasty, and said to Zhang Jun: "What is the biggest difficulty for the imperial court to rule the northern border? The climate is severe and cold? The territory is vast? Cultural barriers? Traffic inconvenience?"

When the ministers and ministers were all thinking, Zhao Huan waved his hands heavily and said, "Neither of them, it's because they can't win people!"

Unable to win people, that is, the effective rule of the feudal dynasty, unable to control those barbarian Hulu in the deep mountains, old forests, and Gobi wasteland.

Such as Jurchens.

The Ming court was very aware of their threat. Before the rise of Nurhachi, the Ming army continued to divide and rule the Jurchens, and even swept the court to weaken their strength.

But despite these political, economic, and military means, in essence, the Ming court was still unable to forcefully control these Jurchens in the deep mountains and old forests.

Therefore, once they grow stronger, they will become the endless troubles of the empire, and even set off border quarrels. Like the nomads, they will become foreign troubles that the farming peoples cannot get rid of.

But everything that is almost incomprehensible to farming civilization is nothing to industrial civilization.

What industrial civilization needs most is a large amount of cheap labor, especially workshops, ranches, and plantations, all of which are labor-intensive industries.

With the support of this strong economic power, these savages in the deep mountains and old forests will no longer be able to get away with it, and they will all be sent to workshops for concentrated production.

This has led to the concentration of remote populations in central towns.

If the marginal population keeps converging towards the center, even though the territory of the Song Dynasty is vast, there will no longer be hidden rioters in the Sifang wilderness.

This is very similar to the fact that the Qing Dynasty moved the population of the Longxing land outside the Northeast Pass to the inside of the pass, resulting in no population in the Longxing land, and there is no longer the Jurchen problem.

If this policy had not been invaded by Tsarist Russia from the north, it would be difficult to evaluate whether it was good or bad.

Therefore, it was easier for Zhao Huan to promote this policy in the Song Dynasty. The plan was to scatter towns and cities outside the pass according to the urbanization process, and then rely on these towns to spread pastures, logging grounds, and hunting grounds outward.

Zhang Jun did not comment on this, but Li Gang, the envoy of the Third Division, took the initiative to say: "I think that the most important thing to win people outside the Great Wall should be to compete with the powerful and Hu chieftains."

"The rich chiefs have fields and fields, and hunting grounds for thousands of miles. Countless people do not pay taxes, but become floating customers."

"This is not a bad thing. It can greatly reduce the risk of barbarians living together and rioting."

This seems to be very similar to the family politics in the Wei and Jin Dynasties.

Peasants are attached to the big family of Tianlianqianmo, become its disciples, serve for it, and become the family's private part and arm.

But it's actually very different.

This is due to the completely different economic system of Song Dynasty and later generations.

Both the Ming and Qing Dynasties were feudal smallholder dynasties that devoted themselves to agriculture.

But the Song Dynasty was very different from it. The entire court paid more attention to industry and commerce.

So even in agriculture, more attention is paid to contracts.

As a result, customers do not have a strong personal attachment to the big tycoons and big landlords.

It may be because of the experience of the Hakka people going south, the people of the Song Dynasty did not always attach themselves to a certain owner.

These customers without land sign a lease contract with the big farmer once a year.

It is precisely because of this not-so-strong personal attachment and the significant reduction in the bondage of land to farmers that a large number of people can participate in industry and commerce.

This system was soon promoted as the Song Dynasty conquered the north.

Due to the unstoppable annexation of the Song Dynasty, the powerful and Hu chieftains in the north also quickly grew into big capitalists.

They have abundant means of production, such as farmland, pastures, mines, woods and hunting grounds.

But at the same time, the bondage of the common people has also been greatly reduced.

Especially those barbarians who lost their land and hunting grounds wanted to live a relatively easier and better life. Obviously, it was a better choice to go west or south to other large pastures.

The people left in waves like this, and soon the gathering places of Jurchen, barbarians, and even Mongolia would be diluted.

Correspondingly, the ranches and mines of merchants in the Central Plains will rise one by one, and will provide the Central Plains with a steady stream of horses, livestock, minerals and leather.