Daming: I help my wife be the empress

Hao Guangming said: "If Taizu has anything he wants to ask, just let him know."

Zhu Yuanzhang said: "The first thing, you said before that the future generations will focus on science, not Confucianism. What is this science? How is it different from Confucianism?"

Both Hao Guangming and Zhu Wei were not surprised that Zhu Yuanzhang asked this question.

After all, Zhu Yuanzhang has been the emperor for more than ten years. Even if he was born as a peasant, he must have realized the importance of the unity of ideology, culture and ideology.

Since Hao Guangming mentioned science and Confucianism before, Zhu Yuanzhang would not miss it.

Under Zhu Yuanzhang's gaze, Hao Guangming pondered for a while, and said: "If we have to compare, the science mentioned by later generations actually includes Confucianism.

The so-called science is an orderly knowledge system based on detectable explanations and predictions on the form and organization of objective things, and it is knowledge that has been systematized and formulated. "

Hao Guangming stopped after speaking for a while.

Because he found that Zhu Yuanzhang was already confused, and it was obviously difficult to understand and understand.

Sure enough, Zhu Yuanzhang quickly came back to his senses, showing a little embarrassment and said: "Young man, you'd better talk about it later, let's call a few more people over."

"Row."

Zhu Yuanzhang waited patiently after giving instructions to several pro-armies.

After about a quarter of an hour, Zhu Biao, Zhu Di, and several middle-aged literati rushed over with pens, ink, paper and inkstones, and the palace servants brought tables and chairs.

After the palace people and the pro-army had all withdrawn, the Donghui Courtyard was suddenly arranged as a lecture venue.

"Junior, now you can speak."

Hearing Zhu Yuanzhang's words, Hao Guangming cleared his throat and said, "Simply put, science is actually a practical method to understand everything in the universe.

Later generations mainly divided these scientific systems into natural sciences, social sciences, thinking sciences, formal sciences, and interdisciplinary sciences according to the fields of objects to be reflected by the knowledge of these scientific systems.

The Confucianism that is advocated now should partly overlap with social science and thinking science.

However, in the future, the several industrial revolutions that have triggered huge social changes are mainly due to the development and progress of natural science. "

Having said that, Hao Guangming asked Xiaozhi to make a circle picture on the video.

Science is the largest circle, which includes small circles such as natural science, social science, and thinking science, while most of the circle of Confucianism is on the side of social science, and a small part is on the side of thinking science.

At this time, several literati frowned, apparently dissatisfied with the position of Confucianism in Hao Guangming's remarks, but they did not dare to question it because Zhu Yuanzhang was here.

"Let me talk about some easy-to-understand truths." Hao Guangming saw the dissatisfaction of these suspected members of Zhu Yuanzhang's new cabinet, and was about to persuade them.

"Let's take the agriculture that the imperial court attaches the most importance to—let me first use scientific thinking and methods to sort out the history of agricultural development for you.

In ancient times, when we humans were still using stone tools and hadn’t invented any farming tools, we mainly relied on collection to obtain various plant fruits and seeds, and there was no concept of planting at all.

The next step after that is slash-and-burn farming.But there is also a prerequisite for slash-and-burn farming, that is, know how to use fire and know how to harvest and sow.

Afterwards, more and more tools were used for farming, and their textures also developed from stone tools to bronze tools to iron tools, becoming more and more advanced and easy to use.

Coupled with the development of farming technology from generation to generation, more and more food can be grown per person and per mu of land, which makes the country able to feed more and more people, and the division of labor in society is becoming more and more refined.

Therefore, the development of society will fundamentally be the improvement and progress of productivity.The progress of productivity depends on the progress of various tools and technologies.

Can the Confucianism advocated by Ming Dynasty make tools and technology develop and progress?Obviously not.

Confucianism can be used for self-cultivation and state governance, but it regards the invention and improvement of tools, and the reform and progress of technology as small ways, and even despises them as strange skills and obscenity.

And even if an official's Confucianism is perfect, he can't play a direct role in the development and progress of tools and technology.

But natural science can, because natural science is the study of the essence of everything and the fundamental reason for the change of things.

Once you understand the nature of all things and the reason why everything changes, you can easily use the income to invent better tools and improve production technology in agriculture and industry. "

Speaking of this, Hao Guangming saw that Zhu Biao, Zhu Di and several middle-aged scholars were still frowning, so he knew that his speech was not clear enough.

So after a break, he changed his way and said: "Let me give you an example—everyone knows that bows and arrows can shoot prey and enemies. Natural science is to make people think about why bows can shoot arrows, and how far bows and arrows shoot. , Accuracy and bow and arrow itself and the knowledge of the relationship between the archer's movements.

What about Confucianism?Does it make people think about this?If I'm not wrong, Confucianism should directly rise to personal cultivation and even national governance through bows and arrows, right?In fact, he dismisses the truth contained in the bow and arrow itself.

Therefore, even though Daming has the initial version of firearms such as the sudden fire gun and the iron cannon, which are at the leading level in the world, the monarchs and scholars rarely think about actively developing them in the past, and they rarely think about understanding the reason behind them.

For example, why does gunpowder explode?Why can the iron cannon shoot out the shells?What kind of truth is hidden in this?
At most, because of the court's war needs, craftsmen were forced to develop weapons that hit farther, were more accurate, and were more powerful.

Therefore, even if gunpowder was introduced to the West from China, 200 years later, the firearms of the Western countries will be ahead of Daming, and Daming will still need to spend a lot of money to buy them from others and to imitate them.

Bandit gangs with dozens or hundreds of people from Western countries harassed the coast with giant ships and cannons, and even occupied the islands that belonged to Ming Dynasty, but there was nothing they could do.

This is just an example—when the West began to pay attention to natural science and other sciences and made rapid progress in all aspects, but Ming Dynasty still only respected Confucianism and regarded other knowledge as strange skills and obscenities, then the Western countries would catch up and go Far more than the!

They will use better weapons to make Daming bow down and beg for mercy, they will use better machines and technology to produce large quantities of high-quality cloth, ironware and other products at low prices and sell them back to Daming, earning a lot of money from Daming..."

Hearing Hao Guangming's words, he became more and more annoyed, while Zhu Biao, Zhu Di and others outside were frowning more and more tightly, and their faces became more and more ugly, even Zhu Yuanzhang was no exception.

Because the two of them understood that Hao Guangming was adding to Daming the experience of leading the future generations.

But having said that, if the Ming Dynasty had not been replaced by the Qing Dynasty or the new Han Dynasty, with the position of Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty, natural sciences, formal sciences and other related knowledge would indeed be difficult to stand out, and it is really possible that they will be overtaken by the West in the end.

Of course, it is only possible, and no one can say what will happen in reality.

Hao Guangming talked about science and Confucianism indiscriminately by adding all kinds of private goods. He talked for nearly an hour before stopping, ready to take a break before talking.

Zhu Yuanzhang also noticed something was wrong at this time, and suspected that Hao Guangming had added too much private goods in his lectures, so he said: "Okay, junior, we have heard enough about science and Confucianism, so you don't need to talk more.

Next, you answer our second question.The descendants you speak of are so prosperous, how does the imperial court operate and govern the country? "

When Hao Guangming heard this, he felt a toothache.

"Taizu, your question is much bigger and more difficult than the first one. I may not be able to explain it well." (End of this chapter)