I am Peter III, Emperor of the Hexagon of the Goose Kingdom

Chapter 187 Peter Distinguishes Horses (Today’s two chapters are science popularization)
Although soldiers are divided into cavalry and infantry, cavalry also pays attention to speed. Heavy cavalry may not be so particular about it, as long as they keep pushing horizontally, but light cavalry pays special attention to speed.

Peter thought about the spare horses.

When it comes to horses, many people think of grasslands, but not Peter.

It is a misunderstanding that grasslands are rich in horses.

Russia originally stocked a lot of horses. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the largest stocks of horses in the world were Russia, the United States, Argentina, Western Europe and other countries, not Mongolia at all.

俄国在1913年的马匹存量是2130万匹，到1917年的时候已经达到了3450万匹，美国在1914年达到了2130万匹，法国在1914年拥有322万匹马，德国拥有455万匹马。

The stock of horses in Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which held back the comrades in World War I, exceeded 380 million horse stocks in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, and the horse stock in Italy also exceeded the million mark in 1913.

Mongolia had only 1966 million horses in 243.

The horses of these countries are basically produced on the territory of Europe. Except for Italy, the production of horses has not surpassed that of Mongolia, and the number of horses in other countries has exceeded that of Mongolia.

Even Belgium's horse reserves are not low. Its area is just over 3 square kilometers, but its horse reserves have reached 47.8.

And the record of Mongolian horses is also very poor.

The Mongols riding Mongolian horses did not show the prestige of their ancestors in the 20th century. Since 1904, Baiyin Dalai, Tao Ketaohu and others have made big news in the Northeast. The fleeing tactics once played the Qing army very annoyed.

Zhang Zuolin went online in 1908. He led the fifth battalion cavalry team and the fourth battalion infantry with more than 2100 people to encircle Baiyin Dalai and others in Mobei. The Han Chinese cavalry who were farmers and bandits defeated Mongolia in many encounters. Cavalry, kill Baiyin Dalai.

As famous as the cavalry of the Northeast Army, and even better than the cavalry of the Northwest Army, the cavalry of the Northwest Army even almost won the principal at one point.

How is the quality of the cavalry of the Northwest Army in the eyes of the European army?

According to the evaluation of the Soviet military adviser, most of the cavalry of the Beiyang Army could not complete the subject of jumping a one-meter-wide ditch on horseback. There were four cavalry in Feng Yuxiang’s army who jumped the ditch. Three fell off their horses, and one fell directly to the hospital. Achievement.

However, these cavalrymen of the Republic of China can still perform very well when they encounter Mongolians riding Mongolian horses. The cavalry of the Jinsui Army defeated the Mongolian cavalry many times before the War of Resistance.

These Republic of China cavalry used a large number of foreign horse breeds.

Mongols and Mongolian horses were vulnerable to cavalry battles in the 20th century, and they would be defeated even more when they encountered European horse-drawn cannons. Since the 19th century, Tsarist Russian troops have used draw-horse horses to move light artillery in large numbers. Central Asia and other places have repeatedly defeated the grassland peoples riding grassland horses.

After the emergence of excellent horse breeds in modern Europe, the myth of Mongolian horses has long been shattered.

When the Mongols ran rampant in Eurasia, the Mongolian horse became a myth. This is because the unique horse-hanging technology of the Mongolian cavalry is the key.

Mongolian horses have to be trained gradually for a month under their training, and on the 30th day, they will use Mongolian horses or other war horses to charge and fight, which is a test of the commander's ability.

The training cost is too high, so the Mongolian horse was excluded by Peter.

Does the Maxima that "travels thousands of miles a day and eight hundred nights" exist?

Maxima often appears in storytelling, and is often an important supporting role in legendary stories. As the top mounts, they are the standard equipment for the strongest warriors, but storytelling is all bluffing. This kind of Maxima does not exist on the real battlefield. .

In the 21st century, the fastest horses are Thoroughbreds and Quarter Horses. Although they are fast, they do not have much advantage in long-distance marches, and they were excluded by Peter.

The Arabian horse is good for both long and short distances, but it is rarely seen on the battlefield.

When the Arab Empire crossed the sea to expedition to the Iberian Peninsula, it used Berber horses, and did not consider Arabian horses at all.

Mamluk warriors controlled Egypt and Syria. They also needed to import Mawari horses and Kati Awa horses from India to fight against the Mongols. This is because Arabian horses are not strong enough to bear weight.

The average weight of an Arabian horse in the 21st century is 418 kilograms. The maximum load capacity of a horse is 20% of its body weight. Generally, it can only carry a strong man with a white board of more than 80 kilograms. The white board means that it does not carry any equipment, not even a saddle. bring.

If the horse's load is forcibly increased to more than 20%, the horse will have difficulty breathing, rapid heartbeat, rapid muscle fatigue, etc. When the load exceeds 30%, the horse's speed will decrease by more than [-]%.

The size of the Arabian horse is small, so it is difficult to go to the battlefield. Even after Europe captured it, it was driven to the breeding ground as soon as possible, so that it worked day and night to contribute its energy.

Therefore, Arabian horses are also excluded by Peter.

What about forest horses, desert horses, and captive horses?
These types of horses surpass the prairie horses by many indicators.

Horses have survived the Ice Age. In a difficult environment, the ancestors of horses did not pick the environment. If there is food in the forest, they live in the forest. If the mountain can survive, they live on the mountain. Even the Siberian tundra has the so-called tundra horse, which formed There are four primitive horse branches: Przewalski's Mustang, European Mustang, Forest Horse, and Tundra Horse.

But when it comes to wild horses, all kinds of horses with excellent performance are the products of settled civilized countries, and many famous horses have grown up in stables.

The fastest purebred racehorse in the 21st century is a mixture of Arabian horses and European cold-blooded horses. Compared with grassland horses such as Mongolian horses, they have at least one-third of the speed advantage.

The Budyonny horse with the best endurance is also a captive horse bred in the Soviet Union.

The famous sweat-blooded horse comes from the stables of the Dawan Kingdom. In order to improve the quality of life of famous horses such as the sweat-blooded horse, the Central Asian people also use special sheep oil and egg snacks.

The advantage of raising horses in captivity is that it is convenient to add food and nutrition.

In the Middle Ages, in order to replenish energy for war horses, knights, lords and nobles even had to drink wine for their war horses. There were famous horses that drank wine in the Tang Dynasty, and war horses in the Northern Song Dynasty had to add extra sugar and oil. Even Mongolian horses needed to be supplemented with salt and grain.

According to animal husbandry statistics, resting horses need 25 grams of salt per day, horses under moderate labor intensity need 55 to 65 grams of salt per day, and high-intensity labor horses such as long-distance marches need hundreds of grams of salt per day. Better and better performance.

The Hexi horses of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were excellent heavy cavalry horses.

European cold-blooded, heavy horses, these horses are slower but have a strong carrying capacity.

北欧著名的日德兰马就是森林马在12世纪产生的后代，目前这种马身高1米5到1米6是一种不知疲倦很能干活的挽马。

The Brabant horse, also known as the Belgian heavy-duty draft horse, is very powerful. It has created a record of two horses dragging 7.7 tons of cargo 2.18 meters in parallel. Compared with the Mongolian horse, it is even less powerful.

The limit of Mongolian horses and three horses is 500 kilograms.

The Ardennes forest area at the border of France and Belgium also produces a 5 meter Ardenas horse, which is also a very powerful forest horse.

Peter silently included the Jutlander, Brabant and Ardenas in his mind.

(End of this chapter)