From small town scholar to chief scientist

Chapter 213 Evidence of the Higgs Boson from the Out-of-Shell!
In fact, since the discovery of the Higgs boson 10 years ago, the ATLAS and CMS collaboration has been making numerous measurements of its properties and how it interacts with other particles,

The results obtained are generally consistent with the predictions of the Standard Model.

This already explains the problem very much.

For example, the mass of the Higgs boson has been measured to be 1250 billion electron volts (GeV) to an accuracy of 0.1%.

One property that remains inaccessible by direct measurement, however, is the particle's decay width.

Not only Zhou Yi thinks it has something to do with lifespan, but also every physicist in the physics world thinks so.

If the results are found to deviate from their predicted values, it may indicate the presence of new physics.

Even if the decay width does not deviate from its predicted value, the total width of the Higgs boson can be obtained, which can greatly advance the research progress.

As for the Standard Model, in particle physics, the Standard Model (Standard Model, SM) is a set of theories that describe the three basic forces, the strong force, the weak force, and the electromagnetic force, and the elementary particles that make up all matter.

Inspired by Yang Zhenning's non-Abelian field theory, it belongs to the category of quantum field theory and is compatible with quantum mechanics and special relativity.

So far, almost all the experimental results of the above three forces are in line with the predictions of this theory.But the Standard Model isn't yet a theory of everything, mainly because it doesn't describe gravity.

There is a theory that describes gravity, and that is string theory.

If you want to verify the correctness of string theory, so far, you have to rely on the hadron collider.

At least that's the path that's possible.

Early the next morning, Zhou Yi saw that the data processing had come to an end, so he asked Peony:

"Peony, how long will it take?"

Peony said:

"Master, it will take another hour and a half."

Zhou Yi said:

"Then I'll go out and run for an hour, and I'll have breakfast and the process is almost over."

Not long after, Zhou Yi started running on the playground in his sportswear.

Generally, for people who are slightly fat or a little overweight, doing aerobic exercise on an empty stomach in the morning is the best way to burn fat, but Zhou Yi just formed a habit.

At six o'clock in the morning at Shuimu University, many students on the playground were already exercising.

If you want to go further in the future and do better scientific research, your body is always the first element.

A great soul cannot be supported without a strong body.

This is why Shuimu University puts physical fitness in a very important position.

In an hour, Zhou Yi ran almost 17 laps before he went to the cafeteria to buy breakfast, sweating all over.

There were still many people on the road who looked at Zhou Yi and whispered, or secretly took pictures.

Zhouyi's traffic has reached here, so don't eat it for nothing.

There are not only students from Mizuki University, but also students from Shangjing University next door.

Not every student from Beijing University and Mizuki University has to do scientific research.

Many people are still willing to make money or go into politics.

After eating the big buns and drinking a portion of porridge and milk, Zhou Yi checked the time, and the data processing was almost finished when he went back.

So Zhou Yi went straight back to his apartment.

As soon as Zhou Yi entered the door, Peony said:

"Master, it's figured out."

Zhou Yi quickly asked:

"How wide is it?"

Peony said:

"The total width of the Higgs boson is about ((4.6^+ 2.6 )_-2.5 ) MeV,

This value cannot be obtained by direct measurement at the Large Hadron Collider, because the experimental resolution is about 1 GeV, and what the data gives us is this optimal result.

Here +2.6 and -2.5 MeV are their upper and lower uncertainties respectively.

This value is consistent with Standard Model expectations, corresponding to a particle lifetime of 180 yoctoseconds (1 yoctosecond is 10-24 seconds). "

Zhou Yi said:

"Then this cannot discover new physics, but this data is very interesting, at least it can publish a heavyweight article in science or nature.

It's a pity that nothing earth-shattering was discovered. "

Zhou Yi looked at the graph generated by the data, and at the same time looked at the final result, and found something strange.

Mouth muttered:
"wrong,
We combine results from both channels to measure the ratio of off-shell Higgs boson production rates to their Standard Model predictions for off-shell.

The observed data is consistent with the predictions of the standard model, at least this graph is correct, because the data is correct and the math is correct.

Not to mention that the data only reject the background hypothesis, which assumes no out-of-shell Higgs boson production, with an observed (expected) significance of 3.2σ (2.4σ).

Subsequent plots also show the corresponding profile likelihood scans,

Doesn't this provide the experimental evidence for the generation of off-shell Higgs bosons? ! ! "

Zhou Yi shouted loudly in the room:
"We discovered the shelled Higgs boson!!! My god! Fortunately, the physics level is good enough, otherwise I missed a shocking discovery and almost made a wedding dress for others."

Zhou Yi was shocked at the moment, it was hard for anything to make Zhou Yi so pale.

Even if it is the seven millennium problems, Zhou Yi feels that as long as he spends time, he will always solve them, but this newly discovered shelled Higgs boson,
Gives a glimmer of opportunity to test new physics.

Zhou Yi said:

"The peony data is operating in another mode, as if it can measure the width of new particles?

Using gluon fusion and vector-boson fusion to generate modes, decay channels into ZZ→4l and ZZ→2l2v.Then use our multi-class dense neural network model. "

Peony sighed and said weakly:
"Master, it will be overloaded for a long time again, life is not easy, Peony sighs jpg."

Zhou Yi laughed and scolded:
"Hurry up, I don't ask you to do anything at ordinary times, do your best for me, if I come up with a new and good quantum computer in the future, I will change your home."

peony:

"I think the quantum computer of the University of Science and Technology is good, master?"

Zhou Yi coughed twice. What is this artificial retarded man thinking? How dare he think about it?
It is estimated that Academician Pan, not only Academician Pan, but the entire University of Science and Technology will have to make gestures with Zhou Yi with a knife.

Perhaps it is not just the University of Science and Technology, it is estimated that the people of the entire Hui Province will have to make gestures with Zhouyi.

This is what they are most proud of, and Zhou Yi dare not even think about it.

Zhou Yi said with a straight face:

"That's impossible. I will definitely change you to a better home in the future. Believe in the master, your master is the son of mathematics."

Peony said weakly:

"The master can draw big cakes, woo woo woo."

Zhou Yi laughed and scolded:
"Hurry up, I want to know the news in the afternoon, and try to announce the result tomorrow. I don't believe that Cern won't invite me. MMP, I'm a great mathematician, so I have no reputation?"

In fact, it's not that Zhou Yi has no cards, the main reason is that Zhou Yi didn't show his talent in physics, otherwise many physicists would definitely invite Zhou Yi to do physics.

A top mathematician doing physics, oh, that kind of scene is probably very beautiful.

After a while, Peony began to run overloaded.

Zhou Yi was apprehensive. If this width could be measured, and if it was different from the prediction of the Standard Model, or deviated from it, Zhou Yi might be able to directly prove that there was new physics.

Based on the current physics, discover another kind of physics.

Zhou Yi gets excited just thinking about it, does he also have the opportunity to make a fortune in the physics world?

With excitement, Zhou Yi wrote a mathematics paper for a day.

Zhou Yi couldn't give up on the proof paper of Polignac's conjecture. This is a lot of mathematical experience, and there are points and lottery opportunities.

Mathematics is our foundation, whether it is physics or chemistry, materials science, informatics, artificial intelligence, they are not the truth, they are only close to the truth.

And mathematics is the real truth.

Mathematics is at the top of the pyramid and can be compatible downwards, but the subjects below the pyramid may not be compatible upwards.

When eating with Xia Xue at noon, his expression was a little unnatural, and the excitement had not disappeared.

Even if he couldn't measure the more accurate width of the Higgs boson, nor could he calculate the width of the shelled Higgs boson, Zhou Yi felt that he could become famous in the physics world!
More importantly, the physical experience involved in this must be extremely rich.

Xia Xue knows Zhou Yi well, Zhou Yi must know what is going on with his appearance, looking at Zhou Yi with a pair of bright eyes,

Zhou Yi also wanted to share this excitement with me, and said with a hint of excitement:

"Xue'er, tomorrow I will become famous in the physics world, and I discovered a new Higgs boson."

Xia Xue couldn't understand, so she didn't say anything, but quietly listened to Zhou Yi's story.

Because between couples, sharing desires is a very normal thing, and if no one shares this kind of thing, it is very lonely.

Not long after, Zhou Yi said a lot.

Xia Xue listened quietly, nodding from time to time, until there were no people in the cafeteria, Xia Xue gently reminded:

"Alright senior, it's time to get down to business."

Only then did Zhou Yi come back to his senses, and said:
"Well, haha, let's go, I'll take you back to your office."

Not long after, after Zhou Yi sent Xia Xue back, he returned to the apartment to write a thesis.

As for the students of Zhou Yi, they were already a little desperate.

It seems that my teacher is really studying physics while studying mathematics. Can this really be done?
Until six o'clock in the afternoon, Xia Xue took the initiative to deliver meals to Zhou Yi,

Zhou Yi looked at the computer while eating,

Not long after, Zhou Yi saw that the program had finished running,

To see the generated graphics and results,

Zhou Yi swallowed his last mouthful of food, and said with a hint of sullenness:

"There is not enough data, the data of the third theory is needed, and it is only now collected. Incomplete collection is not enough to support the prediction of the entire model, and its accuracy cannot be reliable.

Alas, it is still a bit short, but the total width of the Higgs boson is known, and the discovery of the shelled Higgs boson is already a great success.

When the third round of data comes out, the model can be rebuilt to measure the more accurate width of the Higgs boson, and the width of the unshelled Higgs boson can also be measured. "

Xia Xue said softly:

"Okay senior, don't be angry, I'll go first."

Zhou Yi said:

"Well. I'll see you off."

Xia Xue didn't refuse, Zhou Yi complained as he walked, and said vowedly:
"When I have enough money, I will also build a collider, a collider that is more luxurious than Europe. After the two papers in hand are finished, I will go to Teacher Qiu and Mr. Yang to discuss it. I still don't believe it. .”

Xia Xue has also heard about the collider. After all, it was a confrontation between Mr. Qiu and Mr. Yang. At Shuimu University, it is hard not to know about it.

With a hint of shock, Xia Xue asked weakly:

"Senior, how much money do you have now?"

Zhou Yi thought for a while and said:

"Three to 400 billion is still there, but the matter of mobile phone cooperation is still being discussed. I don't know how much it will be. Anyway, it is enough for me to make money while repairing and building."

Xia Xue's vermilion lips became type 0, 400 billion.

When did my fiancé become so rich?

Zhou Yi said:

"In the future, it is likely that it is not a dream to earn tens of billions of dollars every year. I will smash it in and use money to make a way."

Xia Xue: . .

Not long after, after being delivered to the destination, Zhou Yi kissed Xia Xue lightly, touched Xia Xue's head, and said:

"Hey, see you tomorrow."

Xia Xue narrowed her eyes, enjoying herself, and said softly:
"Ah."

After returning to the room, Zhou Yi said directly to Peony:

"Peony, start sorting out our data and my mathematical model for the past two days, start writing a paper, and strive to make a sensation in the entire physics world tomorrow."

Not long after, with the help of Peony, Zhou Yi spoke very quickly, and a formed thesis was almost formed at a speed visible to the naked eye.

Together with the data, graphs and mathematical models that have been made, this paper was finished by Zhou Yi at one o'clock in the morning.

Zhou Yi said:

"Sure enough, dictation is much faster than typing, and there are no typos, which is really good.

Peony projected the paper on the wall at a slightly slower speed. I had to check it several times. After all, it was the first time I submitted a paper to two famous journals, and it was still about physics, so I couldn't make an oolong, or I would lose my face. "

Not long after, Zhou Yi confirmed that he was correct, and then said:

"Peony, which one do you think is better to vote for? Science or nature?"

Peony said:

"Master, it's all right, but I can send you the historical details of the two journals for your reference."

After a while, Peony said:
"Nature was founded in 1869 and has a history of more than 150 years.

On the history introduction interface of Nature journals, you can see important scientific research results published in Nature, including Roentgen’s discovery of X-rays in 1896, Einstein’s theory of relativity in 1921, Raymond Dart’s theory of human African origin in 1925, and 1953. Watson and Crick's idea of ​​DNA double helix structure and so on.

Science was founded in 1880. Compared with Nature's rich journal history introduction homepage, Science seems to be much lower-key, and there is no dedicated history introduction interface.

According to the exact research, Thomas Hunt Morgan's chain interchange law, Einstein's gravitational lens, Edwin Hubble's spiral galaxy (Spiral Galaxy), etc. were first published in Science.

The two journals have been chasing after each other, secretly competing for the first human genome map in the early 21st century.

On February 2001, 2, Nature seized the opportunity to publish the results of human genome sequencing completed by the International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium;
The next day, Science followed suit by publishing the results of human genome sequencing completed by Celera Genomics.Another contest without distinction. "

Zhou Yi said:

"Then let's go to nature. Einstein's theory of relativity is published in nature. Let's get some credit, haha."

Not long after, a paper titled "Evidence for the Generation of the Off-Shell Higgs Boson and the Total Width of the Higgs Boson" was submitted to Nature.

Then Peony continued:
"Nature is a journal under the academic publisher Springer. Nature, which is run by the publisher, pays more attention to the Great Xia market. It not only has a dedicated Chinese website, but also has three offices in Shangjing, Modu, and Jinling.

It has 163 sub-journals, which not only refine the popular subjects of life science, physics, chemistry, and earth science, but also include social science and humanities journals such as Humanities & Social Sciences Communications.

Science is affiliated to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS), with only 5 sub-journals,
Including Science Advances, Science Immunology, Science Robotic, Science Signaling, Science Translational Medicine; cooperative journals include 11 open access journals. "

Zhou Yi nodded and said:
"Haha, wash up and sleep, and wait for tomorrow's explosive news."

Not long after, Zhou Yi fell asleep after washing up. As for submitting the task, we will talk about it tomorrow morning.

And the academic editor of nature is looking at the manuscript in his mailbox. When he saw this article "Evidence for the Generation of the Higgs Boson and the Total Width of the Higgs Boson", he was surprised,
I thought it was some people's prank and wanted to delete it directly, but by accident, I clicked in because he was going to remember the author's name, and he didn't want to include his paper in his life.

Such a sensational event must be given a report first in the physics community, how could it be possible to vote for it like this.

But when he saw that the author was Zhou Yi, he couldn't help being stunned,
Zhouyi?

That Zhou Yi who is the youngest and most talented person who often breaks the record for the youngest age of various awards in the mathematics world?

Damn, it was a good chance not to be swept into the garbage dump, otherwise I might miss the manuscript of this big guy in the future.

But is it really okay to cross-border mathematics and physics?
And it's strange where the data for this paper comes from.

The editor emailed this manuscript to the cern center with a strange mood.

(End of this chapter)