Go back to the past and be a schoolboy

"Speaking of which, I have some impressions. It seems that French aircraft used metal materials during the European War, and the effect was quite good."

Bayuzao frowned and thought for a while, then said uncertainly:
"Hiss~ It seems to be called the Breguet 14. It is known as one of the most outstanding models. It is characterized by the use of a large number of metal materials in the fuselage frame parts. It is also the first metal-based aircraft that has entered mass production in the history of aviation. The model with the main material of the fuselage."

Wang Zhu obviously knew more about this aspect, folded his arms and shook his head: "Strictly speaking, the Breguet 14 is not a metal aircraft, but only a part of metal is used for the frame, and the rest is like the skin of the fuselage. It’s all traditional stuff.”

Cheng Nuo nodded with a smile: "Yu Peng is right, the Breguet is not a new model that crosses the era, at most it is an improved version of the wooden plane, but this kind of plane has become a strong player in the European war sky , is enough to show how broad the future prospects of metal materials are."

Bayuzao was a little puzzled: "If it's not this one, is it the German one?"

"Bingo!" Cheng Nuo happily snapped his fingers and said with a smile, "It's the J1 designed by Junkers. As far as I know, this aircraft is the world's first all-metal single-seater aircraft with no strut cantilever. Breguet has an essential difference.

The J1 skin is made of aluminum sheets, internally reinforced with corrugated steel. With a 1-horsepower (200-kilowatt) engine and a speed of 149 km/h, the J155 is Germany's fastest-flying plane. "

"Why haven't I heard of this plane?" Wang Zhu rested his chin in one hand, his eyes full of confusion: "Besides, Dean, you are also a layman in the plane industry. Where did you get these data from?" ?”

Cheng Nuo was at a loss for words for a moment, of course it couldn't be said that it was because he had read "History of Aviation" in his previous life, and he wanted to be fooled by laughing: "It just so happens that I have some classmates in Germany, and I inquired about it through them, and the source of the data is absolutely true and reliable. "

"But this..." When it comes to the cutting-edge development of the aircraft industry, Wang Zhu wanted to break the casserole and ask the end.

"The business is important. Let's talk about the rest later. There are not so many buts." Bayuzao stopped his friend and didn't let him continue to ask: "If the data is true, let alone Germany is the fastest, it is possible that the world is the fastest, but It’s such a powerful aircraft, why haven’t we heard of it?”

Cheng Nuo was a little dazed, and said in a hurry: "The mass production of any aircraft has to go through repeated flight tests, let alone in wartime, the rigor will be even higher. J1, J2, and J3 have been iterated successively in the middle, because There is not enough experimental data, so it is basically still in the experimental stage.

However, it is understood that by the beginning of this year, the new J4 has officially started to be installed, and aluminum alloy has become the main material of the body. "

The verbal description alone was really useless, so Cheng Nuo simply pushed aside all the documents on the desk, took out a large sheet of white paper and began to draw on it, drawing the J1J4 series of aircraft one by one.

Some people say that it is often the people at the top of the pyramid who play a decisive role in promoting the development of a certain industry, and it is the same in the aviation field.

Professor Hugo Junkers, the designer of the J-series aircraft, was first a famous industrial inventor before becoming a pioneer in the German aviation industry.In the fields of engine, power transmission and mechanical manufacturing, Professor Junkers has more than 1000 patents.

When the company was founded, the initial business was to manufacture steam boilers and radiators. In the process of transforming patented inventions into industrial products, Junkers' business developed smoothly.

It's a pity that the good times didn't last long. When the German Air Force entered World War I and urgently needed a large number of combat aircraft, the government began to "mobilize" those well-known factories to manufacture aircraft. Junkers was one of the companies "transferred" .

When he changed careers, Junkers was 55 years old. He was supposed to be at the age of defending the country, so he had to go to fight again.

"Traditional aircraft use wooden trusses and ribs to form the frame structure of the airframe, which are reinforced with brackets and cables and covered with cloth skins, while J1 uses steel ribs and bulkheads to form trusses and skins. It’s not that Junkers is reluctant to use aluminum, but the price of aluminum is too high.”

Cheng Nuo leaned over the desk with both hands, a ruler in one hand and a pencil in the other, and he drew the structure of the J1 aircraft in a short time.

"Of course, as a layman, compared with the two of you who are experts, there must be a difference in the focus of the aircraft. If you draw something wrong, you can directly point it out, so that I can learn more while it is."

"Dean, what you said is too outlandish. The drawing is too detailed. If we hadn't known your origin, I would have thought you designed this plane yourself." Wang Zhu, who was watching the drawing, looked at it more and more. Admired, sincerely praised: "Even the scale is marked, it is really amazing."

After all, people are still emotional animals. Hearing the compliments from his subordinates, even Cheng Nuo was a little shaken. If he didn't pay attention, he drew out an extra stroke with the pencil, and quickly wiped it off: "I drew this for everyone's opinions. It’s not flattering, let’s just talk about it if you have any questions.”

Bayuzao hesitated for a moment, and asked: "Look at your sketch, I just calculated it in my heart, and it is indeed very practical, but the plane is made of thin plate steel, and as a result, the plane is very heavy, and it is easy to cause climbing. and poor maneuverability, I don’t know if you have considered this point?”

Cheng Nuo's pen paused for a moment, and then he explained: "But we must also consider its clean single-wing layout, which makes the resistance of the aircraft very small. Although it is only equipped with a 120-horsepower engine, its actual speed reaches 170. km/h, which is already great, what would happen if it were replaced by aluminum?"

Inspired by this sentence, the expressions on the faces of Bayuzao and Wang Zhu were wonderful.

Confused, shocked, suddenly realized, unbelievable, reasonable.

But Cheng Nuo didn't get entangled in this issue, but struck while the iron was hot, continued to take out the straw paper, and drew the remaining J2, J3 and J4.

"The J2 was as optimized as possible on the basis of the J1 as a single-seat fighter with weapons, and the J3 was an unfinished mid-plane design with a single rotary engine, corrugated (corrugated) aluminum alloy replacing the original steel structure."

As soon as the screen changed, it came to J4, and suddenly it changed from a monoplane to a biplane.

Cheng Nuo was a little bit regretful: "Although the J4 is better, all the flight control surfaces (wings, horizontal tail) are made of corrugated aluminum alloy to achieve the purpose of weight reduction, and it is possible to mass-produce it, but it is a pity to return to the wings and have to Say it's a pity."

Bayuzao said with emotion: "If I were in charge of the army, I would definitely choose a biplane. Few materials can make the wings very strong, thereby improving the flight performance of the aircraft."

Cheng Nuo shook his head with a smile, and questioned: "The power of the plane is getting stronger and faster, and the flying speed is getting faster and faster. The pillars in the middle of the two-layer wings bring a lot of resistance, which seriously restricts the improvement of the flight performance of the plane.

In terms of aerodynamics, biplanes are only suitable for low-speed flight. As long as the speed increases, not to mention the sharp increase in flight resistance caused by the props in the middle of the wings, even the upper and lower wings themselves will interfere with each other.

It's a pity that the German military didn't appreciate the structural design of the monoplane, so it lost such excellent functions in vain, and went against the development trend of aviation. It's a pity, a pity. "

Historically, the J4 prototype was designed and completed in early 1917, but it was not until September 1917 that it made its first appearance on the Western Front in Europe. By the end of World War I, the military had placed a total of 9 orders, and only 283 were completed in the end. Only 227 were delivered to the troops.

But it is such an aircraft, which turns stably, flies freely in strong winds, has good unpowered gliding performance, and has a flight record of being hit 85 times in good condition. It was not until 1918 that the French army claimed to use high Cannon shot down the record of this aircraft.

More and more detailed information from later generations shows that this record is likely to be a false report of military information. That is to say, this aircraft has never been shot down from the test flight to the mass deployment of the army, and the end of the war. The most outstanding German ground attack aircraft during the war, its performance is terrifying.

Later, the Soviet/Union aircraft designer who designed the aircraft began to leave. After returning to China, he designed the Il-2 attack aircraft based on it. The Soviet army called it "flying tank" and the German army called it "Black Death". Uncle Joe compared the machine to being as indispensable as the bread and air of the Red Army.

Of course, none of this has anything to do with Cheng Nuo. What he needs most right now is for Bayuzao to absorb the concepts of these aircraft, design an all-metal monoplane, and successfully complete this transition period.

"In other words, the biplane solves the problem of 'whether' the aircraft can go into the air. What we have to do now is the question of 'whether it is good'. If we want to design a taller, faster, and larger aircraft, we must use a single wing. Design." After drawing J4, Cheng Nuo put down the pencil, although he was still smiling, his tone was unquestionable.

Bayuzao originally wanted to fight for the wings again, but seeing that Cheng Nuo seemed to have a lot of research on aircraft design, and his words sounded like an order rather than a discussion, he gritted his teeth: "Okay, let's relearn when we go back."

Cheng Nuo breathed a sigh of relief: "For the landing gear, you can continue to use the buoy type, and you can replace it with wheels when the technology matures. I respect your previous designs on this point."

According to Cheng Nuo's vision, although the plane is headed towards the future preparations for war, there is still some time before the end of the First World War, and there will be a long time before "September [-]". This period of time cannot be wasted.

The road for military use is temporarily blocked, so it is natural to think of civilian use.

Especially after the end of World War I, a large number of fighter planes flooded into the commercial aircraft market. For example, the DH.9 bomber produced in the UK was converted into a civil aircraft, and it was very cheap, which made the competition in the commercial aircraft market very fierce.

Even under such an era background, Junkers Aircraft designed the world's first all-metal airliner based on the J-series aircraft. Even though it could only carry 4 to 6 passengers at that time, it was still sold all over the world.

From tropical Colombia in South America to the snowy lands of Canada and Finland in the north, this type of aircraft was used and dominated the international aircraft market in the 20s.

Thinking of this, Cheng Nuo couldn't help but secretly swear in his heart that in his previous life, the C919 COMAC stumbled and even had to use materials from other countries for some key parts in order to obtain an international license, which made people choke.

In this world, we must make good use of the advantages of time travel and lay out the international aviation market in advance.

"Dean, if we completely overthrow the previous design plan and redesign it, the manpower, material and financial requirements we need will be greatly increased. You'd better be mentally prepared." Following the aircraft design drawing that Cheng Nuo took out, Wang Zhu looked at it for a while and gave his thoughts.

"Yes, it means that all of us are using new technologies and new methods. It will take a long time just to get used to it. Is it worthwhile for us to do this, Dean?" Bayuzao asked sincerely.

Compared with new technology, he wants to let the domestic aircraft go to the sky first, and we will talk about the latter.

Cheng Nuo smiled and said: "This is not a good time. You take advantage of this time to design our first domestically-made wind tunnel to lay the foundation for the subsequent aircraft design. It just so happens that the comrades from the Watson Electrical Appliance Manufacturing Factory are coming. You just can Find them to cooperate.

No matter the cost, make some low-speed, high-speed, and ultra-high-speed fans to support your work. In other words, if you ask for it, they will solve the problem. "

Bayuzao's eyes brightened, and he agreed with this suggestion: "That's great. We Chinese people have long wanted to have our own wind tunnel, so that it can not only be used to test new aircraft, but also compare the advantages and disadvantages of biplane and monoplane. "

Cheng Nuo smiled. It seemed that the other party was still obsessed with Shuang Yi, but he didn't blame him for these trivial things.

"Right now, you are going to design a new monoplane all-metal aircraft based on the J-series aircraft, combined with your previous experience, and strive to produce the prototype as quickly as possible, and open the door to you in terms of funding."

Bayuzao straightened his body immediately: "No problem, we will make the design drawing as soon as possible and hand it over to you for review."

Cheng Nuo smiled and waved his hands: "You all know whether the design can fly or not, and I don't want to repeat it if it is redundant, but there is one thing. You all know the situation in our country. Don't think about localization first.

Foreign materials can be used for aluminum, steel, and copper, and then gradually replaced after we figure it out. "

Of course, given the background of this terrible era, it is difficult to find these heavy industrial materials that are purely made in China. Even if it is difficult to find, their quality is also lagging behind that of Europe and the United States.

Therefore, in terms of heavy industry, Cheng Nuo and the Academy of Sciences still have to promote it.

If everything goes well, and the plane designed by Bayuzao and the others can go to the sky normally, Cheng Nuo will naturally take out his killer weapons.

For example, elementary school 6!