national surname chiming

Chapter 466
To such an extent that the rebellious words have been broken apart and smashed, Zhu Shuren's uprightness can be regarded as thoroughly understood by his father-in-law.

Therefore, with regard to the subsequent governance and expansion rhythm of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Changhao basically continued to trust 100% unconditionally, and let the son-in-law dictatorship control, and the son-in-law could use whatever rhythm he felt should be used to advance.

Even if Zhu Shuren's behavior looks like "opening the frontier with a map", Zhu Changhao will not doubt it.

What's more, Zhu Shuren is still very stable. He knows very well that unifying the world and expanding the territory has never been the goal. The goal is to make the world stable and the people live and work in peace and contentment.

All "tool rationality" that is contrary to the "value rationality" of "determining the world" is to discard the root and chase the end.

The conversation between Mencius and King Hui of Liang 2000 years ago explained everything: "The world is evil? It is fixed in one. Who can be one? Those who are not addicted to killing can be one."

It can be seen that what the people of the world want and what King Liang Hui seeks is to "determine the world" rather than "one world". One day is just Mencius' answer to King Hui of Liang and a means to achieve the decree of the world.
Because after the reunification, the people will no longer have to fight civil wars, and they can perform less military service, less corvee service and less military rations.

The threat to people's life safety will be reduced, and the degree of being squeezed out of labor and materials will be reduced. That's why the people look forward to the unification of the world and hope that they would rather be a peaceful dog than a chaotic world.

If a ruler dominates the world, but continues to use force without restraint, he regards "unity" as the goal itself and forgets that "fixation" is the goal itself.

That is to give up the root and chase the end, the "value rationality" is swallowed up by "tool rationality", and the goal is swallowed up by means.

Zhu Shuren knew very well that after Manmeng was wiped out, nothing else was the immediate concern of Daming. Right now, he could completely recuperate, even if he didn't expand abroad for ten or eight years.

As long as you don't waste the soldiers trained in these 20 years of tug-of-war, and don't let this generation of troops die of old age in vain, that's enough.

……

Since the winter of the tenth year of Longwu and the resolution of the Manchurian-Mongolian issue, Ming Dynasty has entered a five-year period of peaceful rest.

From the 11th year to the 15th year of Longwu, Ming Dynasty never launched any foreign wars. It just buried itself in farming, recuperated, restored people's strength, and restored production and population in the north.

During the period, there were only some gradual infrastructure restoration constructions, which restored the road projects and farmland water conservancy that had been in disrepair for a long time.These investments can be seen quickly, and they are not blind investments. As long as you do what you can, it will be beneficial and harmless.

In remote Mongolia and the Northeast, we only need to deal with the recalcitrant thieves who fled on a small scale, and there will be no storms.

Five years later, the remnants of Haoge and Eastern Mongolia have basically disappeared.

The scale of land reclamation in the Songnen Plain has basically grown steadily at an annual rate of more than [-]% in the past five years. After five years, the population of the Northeast Plain has tripled, and the scale of farmland has reached the original level. five times.

When the Jilin area was taken over from Hauge, there were about 60 Han Chinese and 20 Manchurians in the area, and the Manchus were basically women and children, and there were no adult males for military service.

Five years later, the total local population reached 200 million, and most of the increase was Han Chinese.Manchu women were gradually assimilated by Han concubines, and their culture gradually merged and recognized.Moreover, women don't have the problem of shaving their heads and whips. It is very convenient to change their hairstyles and blend them together.

The planting area of ​​rye in Sakhalin Island and cold-resistant rice in Hokkaido is also turned up every year. The land that is too late for intensive cultivation can also be extensively reclaimed and burned. After that, soybeans are planted widely and thinly harvested. After the soybeans gradually mature the land, we can find a way Plant other grains, even corn and potatoes.

Anyway, there is a lot of open space in the Northeast, so it is not too wasteful to plant soybeans with a lower yield per unit area. The Northeast region is also quite famous for soybeans in later generations.

Within five years, the surplus of soybeans in the Northeast was obvious, and the Ming Dynasty began to expand the soybean oil trade under the promotion of the imperial court.A large amount of soybean oil was trafficked to the customs.The excess corn in good years can also be pressed for oil first.

After barely eating enough food, the people of the Ming Dynasty could occasionally have some vegetable oil to supplement their nutrition. Although most people still couldn't eat meat, they were considered well-off if they had oil to eat.

……

With the arduous pioneering of the Northeast, a large influx of surplus grain from the Northeast, while the quality of life of the original Han people in the pass has been continuously improved, the occupational structure of the people in the pass has also ushered in a big impact.

In just five years, the population in the pass had increased by millions due to peaceful recuperation.Although from a macro point of view, there are still fewer people and more fields, I am not afraid of a surplus of farmers.

However, considering the uneven development of various regions, in some affluent areas, especially the areas in the south of the Yangtze River and Guangdong and Guangxi that have not been affected by the wars and massacres before, the growth in these years has led to population crowding.

The Jiangnan area was damaged by the war, only in Nanjing, Zhenjiang, and Changzhou.Wuxi, Suzhou, Songjiang, and even the whole of Zhejiang have never fought a single day in this space-time Ming-Qing war.

In Guangdong and Guangxi, there were only small-scale internal rebellions and Zhu Shuren sent troops to quell the rebellion, so the Pearl River Delta around Guangzhou is also well preserved.

Therefore, after the restoration of prosperity, the problem of "every increase in population should lead to unemployment, and there is no land to grow" first appeared in these two places.

However, the preference for land reclamation and construction in the Northeast, as well as large-scale infrastructure investment, has brought countless business opportunities.Therefore, the remaining population growth in Guangdong and Zhejiang had to be invested in the handicraft industries that provided support for the reclamation of wasteland in the Northeast.

The reclamation of wasteland in the Northeast is not as smooth and smooth as laymen imagined, and it requires a lot of investment.

First of all, in the past five years, due to the northward migration of the population, people who have crossed the Guandong cannot bear the local cold, which has created a huge demand for cotton-padded jackets. It is no longer enough to just stuff them with reed straw to keep them warm.

So Daming had to look for new cotton planting lands, and the cotton grown was no longer used to weave cotton cloth, but was directly used as filling for cotton jackets.

The textile industry in Jiangsu and Zhejiang was developed, but they did not produce cotton. In the Ming Dynasty, local officials from Shaanxi and Gansu went to the Hexi Corridor to further develop and expand cotton planting in areas close to the Western Regions.The governor of Shandong also expanded cotton planting to a certain extent in areas such as Rizhao in later generations.
The cotton was continuously transported to the Zhejiang region with high industrial added value, and the efficiency and labor intensity of the local textile industry were used to mass-produce cotton padded jackets, which were purchased by the government and handed over to Huang Degong, who was similar to the "Jilin General". Distributed to military units.

In such an economic cycle, Huang Degong's Ministry gradually explored a set of management methods similar to later generations using the Corps to develop and construct frontier areas by using the experience of government overall planning and military household reclamation. Solve something.

For example, the yamen of the reclamation army uniformly provided padded jackets and winter heating fuel in exchange for the reclamation army paying [-]% ​​more grain harvest than those in the customs as compensation.

Later, Huang Degong's subordinates naturally developed the idea that even the residents of the settlements and even the houses can be built by the government. A military household in the settlement connects the houses together, at least one wall is next to the neighbor's house, and then A flue can be dug together to heat the kang together.

The Northeast region could not be developed on a large scale before the Ming Dynasty. In the final analysis, it was still unable to withstand the cold, and keeping warm was a problem.Cotton jackets can be purchased in a unified manner, and now "centralized heating" has been implemented. A row of houses share a flue to burn kangs, so the heat utilization rate is much higher, and the workload of the people to chop firewood and collect fuel is greatly reduced.

In the end, it even developed a way for the common people to further slightly increase the proportion of agricultural harvests turned over in exchange for the unified supply of fuel by the government.And once the government uniformly supplies fuel, it will not be solved by chopping firewood. It can directly use the northeast coal mines in Anshan and other places to dig coal and burn the kang for central heating.

As a result, Ming's construction industry, mining industry, coal logging industry, padded jacket garment industry... These economic sectors that did not develop much under the natural economy have all flourished.

Although it was impossible to enter the industrial age because there was no steam engine, at least it had developed to the peak state of "large-scale handicraft industry". In just a few years, the level of commodity economy has fully approached the peak of the Southern Song Dynasty.

I believe that as long as this kind of commodity economy continues to prosper, coupled with the natural growth of the Daming Academy of Sciences, sooner or later, more advanced industrial power will be produced spontaneously. As for whether it was Zhu Shuren himself, it is not important.

Moreover, the development of the Northeast by the Ming Dynasty not only greatly promoted and promoted the above-mentioned large and pillar industries, but also contributed to many scattered new technologies and new things that had a silent impact on people's lives.

For example, because of the coldness in the Northeast, in addition to burning kang with fuel and wearing padded jackets, there are also some other detailed living habits, such as the dependence on high alcohol.

With the development of science in the second half of the 17th century, the technology of distilling alcohol is of course no longer a problem. It is nothing more than whether it can further optimize the efficiency of distillation, reduce the waste of raw materials in the production process, and increase the yield of alcohol.

Due to the needs of the development of the Northeast, the liquor distillation technology has been adapted to large-scale industrialization, and Daming's distillation and purification technology has grown step by step in almost a few years.

Not only did more high-strength liquor be produced for direct drinking, but it also promoted medical alcohol, iodine and other chemical materials that required distillation and purification, which benefited Ming's chemical science.

It's just because the war ended not too long ago, and although the common people can eat enough, if a large amount of rations such as wheat and rice are used for wine making, there will still be a certain food gap.

Fortunately, Daming has already started to plant rye extensively in the Northeast, and potatoes have been planted for many years in the vast semi-arid and rugged areas north and south of the Yangtze River.

The conversion efficiency of rye, a food crop that is eaten directly, is lower than that of wheat, but if it is used to make wine, the dietary fiber that humans eat directly and is not easy to absorb can also be saccharified and fermented into alcohols.

Therefore, brewing wine with rye is definitely less wasteful than brewing wine with wheat, and the utilization efficiency of raw materials is obviously cost-effective. Of course, if it is the 21st century, rye is more expensive than wheat. It is hoped that the sugar and starch will be absorbed less and less fattened, so rye brewing will be at a disadvantage compared to wheat.

However, in the 17th century, there were obviously no problems of "overnutrition, obesity, and the need to find dietary fiber that is not easy to absorb", so rye wine brewing was simply perfect.

In addition to rye, potatoes are also very suitable for brewing wine, because although the yield of potatoes is much higher than that of rice and wheat, the difficulty of long-term storage is much higher than that of rice and wheat, so it is not suitable for a country's surplus strategic grain reserve.

It has been nearly 20 years since Zhu Shuren led the people of Ming Dynasty to plant potatoes widely. Before that, the rations were insufficient, and potatoes were used for food, so winemaking was strictly controlled.Now that the war is over, there is a grain surplus, and wine can be made to a certain extent. Of course, priority should be given to encouraging potatoes to make wine and stockpiling rice and wheat.

Under the obvious urgency of folk production, the Daming Academy of Sciences of course needs a bunch of "academicians" to find ways to perfect the technology of potato and rye brewing.

Under such an era background, if a few "Moutai academicians" can be produced, it will definitely benefit the country and the people, and they should be rewarded heavily and left their names in history.

It's a pity that completely relying on self-developed technology will obviously take many detours, the cycle is too long, and it is prone to waste of "repeating the wheel".

So after this matter came to Zhu Shuren's ears at that time, Zhu Shuren had the idea of ​​​​"bringing doctrine".As soon as he recalled, it seems that the vodka in the Raksha Kingdom is brewed from rye and potatoes.

So he took a long-term view and ordered Cao Bianjiao and Huang Degong on the Nine Sides to pay attention to the contact with Mobei Raksha fur merchants and colonial caravans, find a way to find out the source of their high-quality wine, buy some samples, and it is best to find technology.

It really pays off. In fact, vodka was first made in a small area in a monastery in Moscow about 100 years ago.After more than half a century of development and promotion, in the 17th century, the Raksha people already had mature rye and potato vodka crafts.

Zhu Shuren directly asked Huang Degong to copy the technology of the Raksha people, and then asked the academicians of the Ming Academy of Sciences to combine Chinese and Western studies to optimize it. In the 15th year of Longwu, Daming finally produced vodka brewing and distillation suitable for its own technical conditions. Then mass production was sold to military settlements in the Northeast.

It's just that the vodka brewed by the Han people will certainly not be called that kind of awkward name, but simply called "rye burn" and "sweet potato burn".

With the supply of high-quality liquor that is low-cost and does not take up the reserve staple food, Daming’s development of the Northeast is basically no obstacle. Anyway, the N-piece set used by the Raksha people to develop Siberia in the same period of history, Zhu Shuren learned from Yi’s skills In order to control the barbarians, all the Eastern Han people who crossed the pass in Ming Dynasty should also be matched, wouldn't that be enough?

Even if there are physical differences between people, as long as the material conditions are good enough, what the Raksha people can do, the Han people can naturally do.

-

PS: The above is already [-] words.Let me briefly answer the questions of some book friends yesterday, why I think that "after national integration is a new reincarnation, the new ruler will not be implicated by the previous historical record of infighting".

Everyone can imagine that in the 50s, Midi puppeted Nanbang. At that time, Midi would worry that "in ancient times in Nanbang, Li Chenggui usurped the Kingdom of Koryo. Will this history cause us to puppet Nambang and affect To the way our Midi’s own grand commander was produced”?

Obviously not, because Nanbang is just a small country with boogers, and the party that was puppeted, how could Mi Di worry that the historical burden of an organ would affect the whole body?

This example is more extreme, but the principle is the same.When Qin, Sui and Yuan appeared as conquerors and completed their integration, the original core territory and culture of Qin, Sui and Yuan played the role of the brain, and the conquered civilization played the role of other organs, and those organs were transplanted into the Qin, Sui and Yuan. On the torso controlled by the three brains, it is the brain that makes the decision.

If a woman is married for the first time, and she transplants the heart and soul of a woman who has been married in threes, fours, fives, or sixes into herself, then she is still married, and her loyalty and three views on marriage are still the three views of a first-married woman.

So Qin didn't worry at all whether the historical lessons of "Tian clan replaced Qi" and "Separation of Jin from three families" would be transplanted. Those are the failure history of some losers. It is equivalent to reincarnation of the physical body."

(End of this chapter)