national surname chiming

Chapter 482
After solving the immigration and construction programs of Kyushu and Ezo, the remaining construction plans for the hinterland of Northeast China and Sakhalin Island will be much easier.Because there is no issue of aborigines, just plan directly on the map according to geographical needs.

There is nothing to say about the local farmland reclamation, further optimization and breeding of cold-resistant varieties, and the localities can handle it themselves.

Although Cao Bianjiao and Huang Degong are now in their twilight years, they are both about 55 years old, with a difference of two or three years.

However, these powerful generals are still very strong in their control and execution of the "building and reclamation army" under their command. No matter how difficult the task of expanding the border and farming, they can carry it out with orders and prohibitions.

The money and food needed for expanding the border can basically be solved by local self-sufficiency. It is nothing more than the imperial court ensuring that the local taxation will not be levied in the next ten years, and the local fiscal revenue will continue to be retained for self-use as funds for development and construction. Army rations——

This is also the keynote set when Huang Degong was granted and Cao became the Duke of Jiao.The imperial court promised them that as long as the two of them are alive, they will always handle special matters in the border areas and can withhold taxes.But after they die, they will naturally return to the power of the court to avoid forming a separatist regime.

In this way, the only thing that needs the imperial court's contribution is to send some researchers from the Daming Academy of Sciences in Nanjing to help the border area with engineering planning and design, geographical survey, and further research on the varieties of rice and rye in Hokkaido. The optimization breeding improvement.

To put it bluntly, money, food, and people are all raised by the reclamation corps in the Northeast, and the imperial court only provides technical guidance.

However, don't underestimate this technical guidance. If it is used well, it can definitely make the construction of the frontier more effective.Take the improvement of rice varieties in Hokkaido as an example. The Hokkaido rice that was originally obtained from Ezo ten years ago when the Qing Dynasty was still alive, actually only had a good cold resistance attribute, which could ensure that it would not freeze to death when planted in the Northeast.

But other than that, other traits of the original Hokkaido rice species are really bad.Needless to say anything else, just talking about the output, it is so pitiful that the yield per mu can only be guaranteed to be about [-] kilograms——

You know, by the turn of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the output of double-cropping rice in the south was almost 150 kilograms or more. If two crops were planted a year, even if one of them was slightly lower, counting as [-] kilograms, it would add up to [-] kilograms of rice. .

In the Northeast, however, single-crop rice is grown, and the growing season is long. It is said that the yield of one season should be close to that of the South for one and a half seasons. No matter what, the yield per mu should be about [-] catties.But the Hokkaido rice seeds that have just been moved over have actually reached about half the level.

During the two or three years of Manchu rule, those barbarians were uneducated, and they didn't know how to improve the quality of seeds, they just planted them casually.In the eight years after Daming established its rule in the Northeast, it was a bit piecemeal, and it also increased the yield per mu by tens of catties.

Coupled with the fact that the Han people are good at deep plowing, they found that after deep plowing of black soil, the nutrient layer below was turned up, and the effect was very good. With the blessing of excellent fertility conditions, the yield per mu was finally increased to [-] catties.

Now this seven-year plan, Zhu Shuren and the professionals in charge of agronomy and breeding of the Daming Academy of Sciences repeatedly discussed and approved the goals.

In the end, the staff of the Academy of Sciences felt that within seven years, if the investment is large enough and the control group observation experiments are done enough and detailed enough, they can strive to increase the yield of seeds by another [-] catties per mu to about [-] catties.

Because at the beginning of breeding, the room for improvement is always relatively large, and the rise is relatively fast. The genes of the natural original species are mixed, and it is easy to concentrate the superior traits.

However, it will be more difficult to improve in the future. It may take another 15 years to go from [-] catties per mu to [-] catties, and the follow-up cannot be guaranteed.

Zhu Shuren also knows that science should be respected and satellites should not be placed indiscriminately, so he gave researchers full autonomy.If it is possible to increase the production of rice seeds in Hokkaido by [-] catties within seven years, even if it is just a test field, if it is not possible, give them more time to relax, and it will be no problem to reach [-] catties by the end of the second seven-year plan , Zhu Shuren will not give pressure punishment.

……

After planning the food issue, the last remaining task that required the technical support of the imperial court was the construction of water conservancy and shipping in the Northeast.

There is nothing to say about water conservancy, and some water conservancy professionals who are good at dredging and polder improvement are directly arranged to go there.Desilting the swamps in several newly established concentrated reclamation areas in the Northeast Songnen Plain, and digging deep natural lakes that can be used to regulate floods and droughts to facilitate irrigation are basic operations.

The shipping rectification is mainly to further explore the depth of inland shipping channels, hydrology and water regime of Songhua River, Nen River, Tumen River and other water bodies in Northeast China.These data were originally blank, and a geological survey team was sent to sort them out, which will also facilitate the transportation and deployment of materials between various parts of the Northeast in the future and reduce logistics costs.

In the shipping rectification work, the most difficult and most important item is to survey the waterway of Heilongjiang estuary, as well as the waterway and silting of the Tatar Strait between Heilongjiang estuary and Dead Leaf Island, and survey the annual freezing season .

Because so far, Daming wants to explore and develop the northeast, and the northernmost part mainly stays in the Songnen Plain, and has not been able to go further north to the main stream of Heilongjiang.

So far, on both sides of the main stream of Heilongjiang, there are still 10,000+ remnant fishing and hunting ethnic groups similar to the Manchus who fled north, as well as some Kulun people and Emouke/Mouchun people.

After Daming had Hokkaido rice seeds and Dead Leaf Island rye, it was actually possible to grow grain on the south bank of the Heilongjiang River.

Even on the north bank of Heilongjiang, if you only plant a season of soybeans from late spring to early autumn, it can be used. Planting rice is impossible, because it is too cold.

And the reason why it has not been opened up, the biggest problem is that there is a lack of direct water network transportation communication between the main river basin of Heilongjiang and the Songnen Plain-Heilongjiang finally flows into Japan from the Tatar Strait on the other side of the northern section of Kuye Island. At the junction of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk, the navigators of the Ming Dynasty had been to that place before, but they had not explored the waterway.

If this road is thoroughly explored, and even a port town is established at the mouth of Heilongjiang, then Ming's control over the Heilongjiang River Basin will be completely stable in the future.

Otherwise, 20 years later, a series of troubles in Yaksa and Nerchinsk will have to face the dilemma of "difficulties in supplying the army in the Heilongjiang River Basin".

Zhu Shuren has already thought of the name of the town at the estuary of Heilongjiang, so there is no need to worry about it, just use the name "Miaojie" that was used after Nerchinsk in the Qing Dynasty in history. Years later, because of a series of treaties, it was renamed Nikolaevsk)

Then occupy other key points along the route, and the rest can be said slowly.

It doesn't even matter if the local towns are built into the kind of areas where people can only live in half a year to eight months, and need to go back to the south in winter and early spring.Or it is a "townhouse type" that engages in central heating in winter in the Northeast, and can burn kangs with connected flues.

Anyway, Daming's current purpose is to occupy a hole first, not to ask these border areas with harsh environments to provide the court with any tax, money and food value, as long as they can support themselves, and they don't need to hand in anything.

Even the Songnen Plain in the hinterland of the Northeast requires that "after Huang Degong passes away, he must pay taxes for the court normally."In the Heilongjiang River Basin, Zhu Shuren may even allow another generation.

After Huang succeeds, he will send a trustworthy town general to governor, and then grant him a lifelong refusal to pay taxes to the court, so that he can finally delay for another 30 years.I believe that time and development will eventually bridge all technical difficulties.

……

The Jiangning meeting, which involved the new policies after the new monarch ascended the throne, lasted for more than two full months, and it was not until July of the first year of Xiaokang that it was considered to be a complete conclusion.

After this grand meeting that set the tone for the next 20 years/three seven-year plans of the Ming Dynasty, the important officials in the court and the main frontier generals who were suppressed from the task felt more at ease. There is no need to worry about the imperial court's order being changed overnight.

Time passed quickly. With the arrival of July, the spirit and instructions of the meeting had been distributed to various places. The Ministry of Household Affairs had also discussed the preliminary implementation draft of the reform of "abolishing Ding and dividing registration" ordered by His Royal Highness the Prince Regent. Within this year, pilot implementation will begin.

The specific reform content of the New Deal was posted simultaneously on the first day of July in Nanjing City, as well as at Shenming Pavilions in counties, towns and villages outside the city.Give the people a month to learn about the relevant changes.There is also a buffer time for Hucao people to register for the separation of workers and peasants.

When the one-month period expires, on the first day of August, when the imperial court begins to collect summer grain taxes, this new law will be officially implemented.The one-month publicity period in the middle is for the common people to go to the county households to re-document and register.

If it is placed in a remote place, it is of course impossible to relabel all the people's household registrations as "industrial/agricultural" within a month, and to check and apportion the number of acres corresponding to the agricultural registration.

However, Yingtianfu, where Nanjing is located, is the first good area after all, and all the counties in the territory have convenient transportation, and it is a land of fish and rice.

The proportion of common people who can read and write is also very high, and they understand the policy quickly, and there is no need for subordinates to go to the countryside to explain everything, so all these tasks can be done relatively quickly.

In just over half a month, preparatory registration work in various places has been carried out in sevens and eighties.

……

Zhu Shuren has a lot of work to do every day, so he didn't have time to worry about too many details.But the new law was advocated by him personally, and occasionally he would intervene a few words.

So on July [-]th, the Hungry Ghost Festival, taking advantage of the holidays, he recruited people from Yingtian Mansion and asked them to give a general report on the progress of Hu Cao's latest statistical work.

Of course, Ying Tian Mansion should pay attention to the things that the Prince Regent cares about, so Sun Jiaji, Yin of Ying Tian Mansion, went to E Wang Mansion to report to work in person. ?
Just like in the future workplace, even if the specific work is not usually done by the department manager, the department manager must be full of energy when reporting the PPT to the big boss.

This Sun Jiaji is not young anymore, he is in his fifties this year, he was a Jinshi of Chongzhen for ten years, one class earlier than Zhu Shuren, who was in Chongzhen for 13 years.

In history, this person's reputation was not obvious, but his integrity was not bad. When the Qing army reached the south of the Yangtze River, he originally followed the Lu Wang regime to fight against the Qing Dynasty, but he was defeated, injured, sick and angry.Now it can be regarded as because of the butterfly effect, I have lived for more than ten years, and gradually climbed to my current position.

Don't look at Yingtian Fuyin as just a government-level official, but he is a local official in the capital after all, and it may not be possible to change it to a governor outside.

After Zhu Shuren summoned him, he briefly asked Sun Jiaji about the registration status of "Separation of Workers and Peasants".

Sun Jiaji came here after doing his homework, and immediately answered with all his treasures:
"The counties responded enthusiastically to the good governance of the prince, and the people registered and divided their nationality very actively. In just half a month, generally [-] to [-] percent of the people went to their households and clarified their selection of nationality. Among them, Liyang County performed the best, and it has been registered. Nearly [-]%."

Zhu Shuren was a little surprised: "So many people volunteered to register for division? Did they force the common people? What will happen to those who fail to register at the expiration date?"

Sun Jiaji cheered up and said: "The counties did not force apportionment, because they have repeatedly preached the benefits of the New Deal to the people. If they don't think about it, they will have to go to the household Cao at that time, draw a pledge on the yellow book, and promise that they have no industrial and commercial properties. .

In this case, it will automatically be tentatively set as a farmer's registration, and it will not use up the once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to change the country. If you want to change after a few years, you can change it again.Only those who obviously have a workshop or business name under their name but are unwilling to register will pursue tax evasion if they are found out in the future.

Moreover, it was previously agreed by the Ministry of Household Affairs that this year is a pilot project, and it only takes two months from the issuance of the document to the implementation. It may be too late to hastily change the lower limit of taxable land area for rural residents. Therefore, there is no lower limit for land tax area this year. .

In this way, for the peasants, this year is a pure benefit, which means that the land tax has not increased at all, but the land tax is completely exempted, and only the land tax is paid by the laborers.The only increase in the agricultural registration is the ration of labor, but this new policy is very popular with the people, and only a few gentry may feel that it is undignified to pay the ration...but they are all under control. "

Sun Jiaji gave a rough description of the situation.He mentioned that "there will be no lower limit on land tax area this year", which is also a temporary measure.

Because Zhu Shuren did not say at the Jiangning meeting that in the future, "if the average cultivated land area per household is less than [-] mu of paddy fields, they must pay grain according to the lower limit of [-] mu of paddy fields."Now it is too late to recalculate, so the taxable area of ​​last year will be used, and the actual number of acres of land on the yellow book will be paid according to last year's fixed tax amount.

Every household with less than ten mu of land is a net profit this year.This is also a transitional measure for boiling frogs in warm water, so push things away first.

Of course, there must be an extra payment of food for the laborers, and this must be paid, because this is for the farmers to replace the corvee, and the common people are very happy to pay more of this food for convenience.

In particular, Yingtian Mansion is a rich place. The money the locals earn from doing private work for a month and a half is definitely more valuable than the rations handed over to the court. It is better to go out and do part-time labor for a month and a half, and then use part of the wages to exempt from military service.

On this point, it is actually a bit of a regression to the old road of the Tang Dynasty’s rent and mediocrity adjustment method. If you give money or food, you can not serve corvee, and the government spends money to hire people to do corvee.

Zhu Shuren had no objection to these statements, and the only thing he was interested in after listening to them were two small points: "You said, in Yingtian Mansion and at the foot of the emperor, there are gentry who feel that it is shameful to pay the rations?"

Sun Jiaji didn't dare to hide it: "Your Highness, please understand. After all, I have had the preferential treatment of 'fame and fame, tax exemption and military service' for hundreds of years. Although I still don't have to let scholars serve in the military, after all, I have to pay food instead. There are still many people who have resentment. We will definitely suppress it as much as possible, and strictly punish the lawbreakers.”

When Zhu Shuren heard the words, he didn't mean to blame him at all. Instead, he said: "After all, it's an experiment, so don't worry too much. In addition, I remember that you were a Jinshi in Chongzhen for ten years, one year earlier than Gu. You are old. , Some things that offend people can be handed over to the people below."

Hearing this, Sun Jiaji shuddered slightly. He suddenly realized that the regent was planning to hit hard, but he didn't want to draw hatred from the people either.Wouldn't it be that you want to promote some Chao Cuo and others to take the blame and throw it away when you run out?

Fortunately, Zhu Shuren didn't dare to respond when he saw him pondering, and didn't make him wait any longer.Zhu Shuren quickly asked the next question:
"I have another question—you mentioned just now that the registration in Liyang County is the fastest, and [-]% of it has been completed. Are there any skills in it, and are there any outstanding officials?

Do you have a specialization in art? As Ying Tian Fu Yin, you should coordinate the overall affairs of Ying Tian Fu, how can you personally watch over the specific implementation?The so-called gentleman is not a tool, the gentleman understands the music official, but does not understand the music.Those who judge the sound are afraid that they will be deaf from the officials. "

Sun Jiaji has completely understood the implication, and knows that the regent told him not to rush to grab credit. This is a hot potato, so he asked him to specifically appoint talents and appoint officials who have done a good job, so as to bring more hatred to the power .

So he directly replied: "During the pilot program, there are indeed some officials from prefectures and counties who have performed outstandingly. They must list their humble positions in detail, and they dare not be greedy for merit, so they can be promoted by His Highness.

As for this Liyang County, it is indeed the best performer under Ying Tianfu at present, and it can complete [-]% of the registration of workers and peasants, all because of the meticulous work of the local householders.

When I went to inspect and investigate, I saw that the local household Cao had set up service points in every township, so that the people could handle it nearby.There are not enough clerks to preach the New Deal.

They pre-made some templates for filling in the report for the common people to copy the format.There are also picture explanations on the formatted text, so that only the minimum content needs to be explained, so that the people can complete the registration as soon as possible, and it can also eliminate the concerns of the peasants about the increased tax burden.

After returning from the inspection tour in Liyang, I felt that this method was good, so I went to the other counties of Tianfu to promote it, and the progress of registration has also been improved in an all-round way. "

Zhu Shuren nodded: "One death is a kind of progress. Even if it is just to let the people take less trips to do things and ask fewer questions, it is also a kind of good governance. Such people should be promoted. You go back and get the meritorious people I have prepared my resume in detail, if I am really motivated and I am not afraid of offending people, Gu will naturally give them a chance."

Sun Jiaji sighed inwardly, wondering if the lord really wanted to show both kindness and power, and promote a few "cool officials" to help promote the reform.

(End of this chapter)