national surname chiming

Chapter 515 The Horror Potential of Laying the Foundation

In the 15th year of Xiaokang, the dragon raised its head on the second day of February.

The plan for a year lies in spring, and with the end of the first month of the new year, the land of China will start from south to north, and it will soon enter the new year of spring plowing.

Since the beginning of spring, the rain has been adjusted smoothly, and it seems that it will be a good year again.The national treasury and local Changping warehouses are full of treasuries. Because of sufficient arable land per capita, perfect water conservancy, and complete equipment for farming and cattle, almost every family has grain stored for more than a year.

(Note: In history, the Qing Dynasty went through the middle and early stages of Kangxi, and experienced a period of development with few natural disasters that lasted for more than ten years. However, in the 17th and 18th years of Kangxi, there were two years of severe drought across the country, but correspondingly, it should be Xiaokang 16 The beginning of the year, that is, next year.

Zhu Shuren didn't know about this situation, and it was impossible for him to read history in such detail in his previous life.Among them, an earthquake occurred in the whole of Hebei in the 18th year of Kangxi, which caused the Yellow River to burst four places.However, the flood was not obvious, because the embankment burst was not caused by too much water, but the embankment burst in a drought year, just because of the earthquake. )
Looking at another good year that is doomed now, Zhu Shuren, the 36-year-old regent who has traveled for 53 years, is also very gratified.

Now there are fewer and fewer state affairs that he needs to worry about. The emperor Zhu Ciyu, who has just turned [-] this year, is already very proficient in governing state affairs.In addition, these years have been dominated by recuperation, and the court has not made any major moves. Zhu Shuren has maintained a state of only occasionally listening to reports on major events for several years, and usually does not deal with government affairs.

Anyway, he is different from other power ministers, other power ministers never dared to let go of their power, fearing that the little emperor would be taken out of power again, and he would be liquidated in the future.But for Zhu Shuren, the emperor is his own son, and he has no possibility of abolishing the emperor. After so many years, there is no problem with mutual trust. Delegating power will only make the relationship between the two parties more relaxed.

……

After the age of fifty, Zhu Shuren has some new hobbies to worry about in recent years, that is, he can take care of his grandchildren and share family relationships with his wives and concubines.

For example, his most busy task right now is to personally educate those grandchildren and help them establish the initial three views on health.

Speaking of the grandsons of Zhu Shuren, at the earliest it was six to seven years since he was a child, and Zhu Ciyu spent more than a year on the southern tour in order to negotiate with the Burmese and Vietnam wars for the truce and acceptance of surrender.

When Zhu Ciyu went to Guangzhou for a year and a half, before Zhu Shuren left, father and son had made three agreements.Zhu Shuren said that it is okay to go out of the palace to see the world for a year, but he must bring the queen and maids with him, and must not touch women outside.

In this regard, Gu Yanwu, who is Zhu Shuren's confidant, has always helped him keep an eye on the emperor.During those one and a half years, the emperor was never allowed to go out alone out of the field of vision of his accompanying officials, and there were many people following him wherever he went.

So Zhu Ciyu did not have any interaction with any outside women.In addition, at the beginning of his tour, he had only been married to the queen for more than a year, and the relationship between husband and wife was not tired yet, so it was not boring to have husband and wife affairs with the queen every day.

After living in Guangzhou for a long time, I felt a little monotonous, but fortunately, there were many beautiful court ladies accompanying me. Although these women lacked education, virtue, piano, chess, calligraphy and painting, as long as they have a good face, it is normal to be lucky, but There will be no deep feelings.

In the end, when she came back from the southern tour for a year and a half, the queen's stomach still didn't move. In addition, the queen had been married to Zhu Ciyu for a year before the tour, adding up to more than two and a half years. Out of ".

This also proves that Zhu Shuren and Zhu Yuchan really had a good eye when they chose their first real daughter-in-law, and the secret examination by the imperial physicians was also very professional.

However, it was not long after returning to Nanjing after the one-and-a-half year tour to the south, at the end of September in the seventh year of Xiaokang, the imperial physician in the palace suddenly discovered that a palace lady accompanying her was three or four months pregnant.

Counting the days, it should be recruited by the little emperor during the two months he lived in the Lushan Mountain Resort on his way back from Guangzhou.

After getting this news, Zhu Shuren felt relieved.The queen didn't make any movement, but the court lady did. This movement just proved that there was something wrong with the queen, but the emperor was absolutely fine.

This is the result Daming Jiangshan most hopes to see, and there is no need to arrange further control experiments.

After that, another six months passed, at the beginning of April of the eighth year of Xiaokang, the court lady who accompanied her on the southern tour and was blessed finally gave birth to a baby boy.

It's a pity because her mother doesn't have any relationship with the emperor, (it was originally that she couldn't bring too many concubines during the southern tour, and the empress randomly pulled them to make up the number after she got bored, so she didn't have any feelings). In addition, the overall quality of this court lady was not good at first, and she was not smart. Genes are probably not good either.

What's more important is that in the first three months of pregnancy, I just went through the exhaustion of the journey, probably because of injury to the fetus. In the end, when the eldest son was born, he was born prematurely for more than a month. Later, it seemed that his mental development was also relatively slow. , and several congenital deficiencies.In this way, it is even more impossible to be the future prince.

However, after confirming that his son was fine and that his daughter-in-law had a physical problem, Zhu Shuren and Zhu Yuchan discussed it, and then accelerated the pace of finding more concubines for his son.

From the second half of the eighth year of Xiaokang to the end of the tenth year of Xiaokang, the royal family selected at least three batches of Shude women from outdated noble families, and each batch found at least two or three for the emperor. concubine.

Zhu Ciyu was 25 and [-] years old at the time, and he was also in the year of lust, and he would not refuse to drink and lust and hurt his body for several years.

Finally, starting from the ninth year of Xiaokang, the eldest daughter of the emperor was born first.In the winter of the following year, the second son of the emperor was also born. Later, from the 12th to the 14th year of Xiaokang, three sons and six daughters were born one after another.

Now in the spring of the 15th year of Xiaokang, Zhu Ciyu has a seven-year-old eldest son born to a court lady who is congenitally weak and mentally handicapped.A five-year-old emperor's second son, a three-year-old son, and a two-year-old son. The last fifth son was just born less than a hundred days old, and there were five sons in total.

From the second son of the emperor to the fourth son of the emperor, they were all born to the three mothers, and their mothers are still imperial concubines (there is one level up from the imperial concubine to the imperial concubine, and the next level is the queen, these three women are all imperial concubines now) , are at the third level)
Therefore, Zhu Shuren felt that the "good grandson" he needed to cultivate in the future would also come from these three princes.

Because no matter how young, when Zhu Shuren himself is too old to be a director, the other party may not be able to grow up, and he can tell whether he is promising or not.Zhu Shuren couldn't afford to wait so many years.

On the other hand, in fact, after the ancient men reached the age of 30, their reproductive efficiency began to decline.Even if she is still lustful, with the genes of the royal family of the Ming Dynasty, it is actually very difficult to have any good seeds.

For example, regardless of the fact that Emperor Wanli liked Concubine Zheng and his youngest son Zhu Changxun, the king of Fu, Zhu Changxun was also the son of Emperor Wanli when he was 24 years old, and Guangzong Zhu Changluo, the eldest son, was actually born when Wanli was 19 years old.

Similarly, Emperor Guangzong Zhu Changluo's two sons who became emperors, Tianqi Emperor Zhu Youxiao and Chongzhen Emperor Zhu Youjian, were also born when Zhu Changluo was 23 and 29 years old respectively.Moreover, Zhu Youjian is already Zhu Changluo's youngest son who died prematurely.

To put it bluntly, people with the royal genes of the Ming Dynasty rarely have healthy offspring at the age of 40, and they basically see their heads in their early thirties.

Zhu Shuren thought about this question for a long time, and even reviewed the historical data. He felt that there were three carefully selected samples that could be screened, and it was enough. It can reverse the genetic disadvantages that fell during the previous special period.

And the reason why the youngest grandson of the fifth son of the emperor was also excluded by Zhu Shuren was also because the fifth son of the emperor and the second son of the emperor were born to the same mother.So even if his mother is made queen in the future, this child will not be the "eldest son", at most he will be the "second son", so for the sake of the stability of the country, it will not be considered.

Zhu Shuren is still very principled. Even if he can manipulate the sick queen who will not be able to give birth in the future, which noble concubine will be the new queen for his son, but he still wants to protect the "primitive succession system" on the surface.As long as it is not the first male of a noble concubine, it is still not a candidate.

After observation in the past one or two years, Zhu Shuren realized that the five-year-old second son Zhu Hekun was treated similarly to the eldest son of the emperor (the only elder brother is a sick and disabled person), so his temperament was more domineering and resolute.

The advantage is to act decisively, but it is also easy to be reckless and rejoice.I don't care about my studies, but I can put all my eggs in one basket and focus on the things I am interested in.

Zhu Hetan, the third son of the emperor, is three years old, and he can barely see some signs of character. He is precocious in learning to speak and distinguish. He knows more things than his second brother at the same age, speaks more comprehensively, and knows how to distinguish Right and wrong.But because he is still young, it is temporarily impossible to see whether there are any other advantages and disadvantages in character, and he is relatively stable in all aspects.

The fourth son Zhu Hezhi is only two years old, so he doesn't see any personality problems. Judging from the progress of learning to speak and recognize things, he is not as good as the third brother at the same time. He is relatively autistic and basically does not communicate with others unless necessary.We can only observe for another year or two to see if there is any improvement.But this child is not arrogant and indulgent, he is as obedient as a child from a poor family.

……

In the afternoon of this day, Zhu Shuren and his three grandsons personally finished reading a book of natural history compiled by the Daming Academy of Sciences, which introduced the classification and origin of various rare birds and animals.

After reading it, he took his three grandchildren to Jiangning Zoo for a visit, and asked them to identify various small animals according to the album.

The regent will of course close the garden with his grandchildren. This is not a privilege. After all, it is an imperial era, and it is very enjoyable for the people to visit.

After a half-afternoon tour, in the end, the third son of the emperor, Zhu Hetan, learned faster and was more accurate in identifying what his grandfather taught him.

So Zhu Shuren finally took out a new pocket watch made by Daming Academy of Sciences last year, and rewarded Zhu Hetan, encouraging him to cherish time and study hard.

Pocket watches, according to Western literature, appeared in 1462, but at first they were nothing more than a relatively miniaturized clock, which was no different from clocks in terms of travel time accuracy and anti-interference performance.

Pocket watches that can be verified to be valuable in later generations appeared around 1510, so they are not rare now.As early as the Tianqi period in the Ming Dynasty, I saw the first batch of pocket watches imported from the West. They had no mainspring, no gear escapement mechanism, and they were just small Western clocks.

But now that Zhu Shuren can reward his grandson with a big show, this new pocket watch is definitely not easy.

Compared with the old-style pocket watches, this new product has considerable anti-interference ability against the inaccurate travel time caused by bumps, and also uses relatively standardized gears.

As for the design of the escapement mechanism, there are still some problems that cannot be solved for the time being, so the accuracy still cannot reach the level of "navigation clocks" in later generations, but it is also very worthy of encouragement.

(Note: Nautical clocks generally require that the daily cumulative error is at least less than five seconds in a turbulent environment, otherwise it is impossible to determine the longitude by accurately timing and inquiring about the time difference of the local sun track at the place of navigation. Historically, in 1735, in the West, it was established by the British John. It was nearly 1677 years before Harrison built the first nautical clock that met the requirements of longitude measurement for navigation.

Later, it took John Harrison more than 20 years of improvement and promotion to allow the British Royal Navy to use the longitude navigation method. It was basically during the Seven Years War in Europe (1756~1763). In the end, the promotion of the war accelerated the development of technology. The application landed. )
Zhu Hetan was very excited when he received the pocket watch as a reward from his grandfather.Seeing this, the elder brother Zhu Hekun couldn't help being jealous, and stalked him, expressing that he must study hard in the future.

In the end, Zhu Shuren also gave Zhu Hekun a pocket watch based on the principle of fairness and incentives, but the technology is a generation behind, and it was a product of the Daming Academy of Sciences five years ago.

Zhu Shuren could tell that his second grandson was quite interested in the rigorous machinery of large ship cannons. He was pestering people to practice shooting targets with pistols when he was only five years old.Seeing the beauty of clocks and watches, which can show the beauty of mechanical violence and precision, I also love my house.

After getting their respective pocket watches, Zhu and Kun couldn't help but want to compare with Zhu Hetan, wondering how much the accuracy of the two watches could differ.The two brothers couldn't understand the reasoning either, and after arguing for a few words, they finally asked their grandfather to explain.

Zhu Shuren also taught kindly: "Actually, there is not much difference. They are all placed at rest, and the speed is between two or three seconds every day. The new watch is at most slightly more accurate than the old watch by [-]."

Zhu Hekun was relieved to hear that the difference was not too big, and said that he was not interested in the younger brother's new generation prize.

After hearing this, Zhu Shuren said earnestly: "You can't just look at the surface but the effect when looking at a problem. Although the difference between the two watches is four years, the key difference is not the accuracy, but the principle and thought.

Your third brother's watch uses last year's technology, and has already used standardized gears, as well as standardized screws and rubber waterproof gaskets.Let the designers and researchers of the Academy of Sciences, when designing something, consciously use existing parts and not repeat the design of parts with similar functions, which is an improvement in itself.

Although this will not directly improve the performance of the machinery, it can speed up the design of new machinery and the speed of design updates. Over time, the effect will be obvious.This is the value of my Ming Dynasty's involvement in Nanjing University and the theoretical basis to guide the overall planning of engineering management research and development.The foundation laid in the past six or seven years will not be in vain. "

Zhu Shuren's words were actually a bit long-winded in the end, how could his five-year-old grandson understand them.

But Zhu Shuren is also 53 years old, and he is prone to nagging when he gets old. He has feelings in his heart, and he can't help but say a few more words every time he is provoked.

As mentioned earlier, when Zhu Shuren established Nanjing University, he told his wife Fang Ziling that he was mentally prepared and could not provide help for the actual front-line research and development of the Daming Academy of Sciences during the first five years of preparations for Nanjing University.

Even because of the transfer and dispersion of talents, the progress of practical research projects is actually a drag.

However, Zhu Shuren believes that it takes ten years to grow a tree and a hundred years to cultivate people. If we first lay the foundation of the talent team, we can get twice the result with half the effort in the future.He has made preparations for the first five years of inactive work and tiredness. From the sixth to the tenth year, the income will be flat and the output will be flat. After fifteen to twenty years, the pure profit of scientific research speed will be achieved.

Now, seven years have passed since Nantah University was just established.The first batch of graduates from Nantah University have graduated for more than three years.Those who have continued to study for postgraduate studies after graduation have been in school for three years, and they have just graduated this year. They have changed from graduate students to "researchers".

(Note: According to the system of Nanjing University and Daming Academy of Sciences, those who continue to stay in school for further study after graduation are called "graduate students", and they are regarded as trainee researchers. After graduation, they can officially become regulars and be called "researchers", as long as they are willing to stay in the research position On. If it is a transferred administrative official, it is not called a researcher.

Researchers can enjoy the treatment of the seventh-rank magistrate, and academicians can enjoy the treatment of the sixth-rank magistrate.If you are a senior academician, serve as the chairman of some academic department committees, or serve as the director of an important research institute directly under the Academy of Sciences, you can enjoy the treatment of a five-rank or a regular five-rank magistrate. )
The systematic training of these NTU graduates and researchers, as well as the experience of NTU professors in teaching, have also brought about some system design optimizations in the field of scientific research in Ming Dynasty.

For example, someone finally thought of speeding up the overall efficiency of mechanical design and R&D and starting to lay the foundation for various standard parts.

In ancient times, mortise and tenon structures were still used for mechanical connection, or simply fixed by heating forging and pressing.Nowadays, the mortise and tenon that must be redesigned every time can be saved, and standardized screws can be used instead, and screws should be used as much as possible.

A new generation of thread tapping production tools has also been developed. Although the process cost and speed of manufacturing metal screws are still uneconomical, the actual construction is not at all cheaper than mortise and tenon, and it is not as strong as mortise and tenon.

But this is a major improvement in the speed of improving the design of new machines.Because of the machinery in the process of improvement, there is no need to remanufacture a large number of parts because of a small change, as long as it is changed, the part that has been fine-tuned can be replaced.

Any new thing will lose money when it first appears.Daming was backed by the state apparatus, and the 5000 million taels of silver and 200 million taels of gold that he had robbed from the Spaniards when he stormed Manila more than six years ago could be spent freely.

Ever since, standardized metal screw and tapping production tools.Standardized gears, and hobbed racks.All have been invented successively and used in engineering design practice.

There are even some soft metal screw-rolling processing tools and processes, which can very cheaply manufacture structural components similar to the screw sockets of later generations of light bulbs, as well as standardized vulcanized rubber sealing gaskets... The industrial infrastructure in the field of mechanical design, Let the follow-up mechanical research and development be able to get twice the result with half the effort.

It is also the accumulation of these six years and the solid foundation of design thinking that Zhu Hetan has this new pocket watch that was just produced last year.

Even if its travel time accuracy is only [-] seconds higher than the one in Zhu Hekun's hand five years ago, over time, the potential for subsequent improvement is limitless.

After all, standard gears produced by standardized hobbing racks have been used, standard rubber seals have been used for preliminary waterproofing, and the smallest standardized screws have been used to fix the shell.

The three princes seemed to understand their grandfather's teachings, and they didn't know how to evaluate them. They just vaguely remembered that "if you can not repeat things, try not to repeat them, and use machinery and decomposition to help people replace repetitive tasks." Things" is the train of thought.

And when the three princes were still a little skeptical, an attendant came to report a piece of good news, which just proved Zhu Shuren's farsightedness in his guiding ideology.

The good news was brought to Zhu Shuren by the Machinery Research Institute of the Daming Academy of Sciences. It seemed that there was an innovative product based on Zhu Shuren's above-mentioned guiding ideology, and it finally took shape.The project leader is also Hook and others who were dug back from Europe after the Great Plague in London a few years ago.

Zhu Shuren was quite interested when he heard the words, so he decided to take a look.

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PS: Why did someone ask about the era of the new book yesterday? I have notified it several times... The new book is the end of Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms.

(End of this chapter)