Daming: Old Zhu, we agreed not to rush!

Chapter 172 The relationship between productivity and class

"Okay, let's continue."

Su Jing spoke again, and said: "This feudal society has already understood a little bit, let's push the time forward, before the Spring and Autumn Period, to the Xia Dynasty."

"Old Liu, you should know more about history than I do. How was the Xia Dynasty established?"

Although Su Jing has also read history books.

But what I read in my previous life were all tomes, too many and complicated, and I couldn’t remember much at all.

But in the current Ming Dynasty, there are actually not many history books that scholars can read.

Liu Bowen replied: "When Emperor Yao was in power, flood waters flooded the sky, and Yu was ordered to control the floods. He passed through the house three times but did not enter. He made great achievements. Emperor Shun recommended Yu to heaven as his heir. In 17 years, Emperor Shun died. After three years of mourning , Yu resigned and set up Shun's son Shangjun in Yangcheng. All the princes of the world went to Shangjun to court Yu. Yu then became the son of heaven, facing the world in the south, and his country name was Xiahou, and his surname was Si."

"Then Yu collapsed, and his son Qi ascended the throne. This was the establishment of the Xia Dynasty."

Liu Bowen's memory is still good, which is recorded in "Historical Records Xia Benji".

Su Jing nodded and said: "That's right, because of Yu's meritorious service in controlling the floods, he gained great prestige. He became the emperor, and then his son Qi ascended the throne and established the Xia Dynasty. From then on, the world has become a family."

"From Xia, through the Shang and Zhou dynasties, until the Spring and Autumn Period, this stage is not yet a feudal society. I call it a slave society."

"Because during this period, most laborers in the field of material production were slaves, and only a small number of people enjoyed the fruits of labor."

"In the slave society, the most notable feature is also exploitation."

"However, it is different from feudal society. In slave society, slaves are regarded as the property of slave owners and can be bought and sold. Slave owners can force slaves to work. Labor activities must be slave-based, without remuneration, and without personal freedom."

Su Jing slowly narrated that it was not used in feudal society, Liu Bowen experienced it personally and felt deeply.

This slave society only exists in the records of classics, and Liu Bowen can only listen to Su Jing's description.

What Su Jing said was also relatively simple. He didn't remember much about the slave society, and he didn't have much to say.

"It's probably like this. The situation in the slave society, summed up, is like this."

Su Jing took a sip of tea, moistened her throat, and continued to explain, but she was quite tired.

Liu Bowen asked curiously: "Young Master Su, according to what you said, the emergence of this slave society is actually the birth of the exploiting class and the exploited class, right?"

Hearing Liu Bowen's words, Su Jing really wanted to applaud.

Liu Bowen's understanding simply surpassed Su Shi's imagination.

Just listening to my own introduction, I have realized this truth.

"Yes, the same thing between slave society and feudal society is exploitation, but the slave society is simpler and more explicit, which is caused by the different tools of productivity."

Su Jing nodded.

Productivity Tools!
Liu Bowen knew about this, because Su Jing mentioned this when he taught about the change of social forms.

The increase in productivity is the root cause of changes in social patterns.

"Thank you Mr. Su for clarifying the confusion, what about before the slave society?"

Liu Bowen asked: "Before the Xia Dynasty, that is, the period of Emperor Huangdi and Yandi? What kind of society is that?"

Although there are very few records before the Xia Dynasty, there are still some in the historical records.

Liu Bowen also wanted to know how Su Jing defined the society of this period.

"Primitive society."

Su Jing replied: "I call this period primitive society, not only the period of Huangdi and Yandi, but the earlier period before Huangdi is also considered primitive society."

"People in this period had extremely low productivity, and the combination of labor was mainly simple cooperation, and the division of labor among people was mainly a natural division of labor based on gender and age."

"Under such circumstances, tribes and clans naturally formed, and during this period, there was no exploitation."

"In other words, there is no exploiting class and exploited class."

"All people can only work together in order to obtain living resources, which determines the joint possession of the means of production, and the distribution is also an equal distribution."

"Because there is no class distinction, naturally no country will be born, and the replacement of the leader of a tribe or clan is not an inheritance system, but abdication."

"In this period, the world is a public world."

Liu Bowen listened carefully to Su Jing's narration, he did not expect that Su Jing could talk so clearly even in this period.

Although there are some records about Huangdi and Yandi in "Historical Records", if you want to get the content described by Su Jing, you can't know it simply by reading it.

At first glance, it seemed that Su Jing was talking to himself, but Liu Bowen followed Su Jing's thinking carefully and found that it was all logical.

These are a complete closed logic.

"Without the distinction of class, naturally there will be no birth of a country."

Liu Bowen asked Su Jing: "What does this sentence mean? I don't quite understand."

During Su Jing's narration, Liu Bowen was still able to ask his own questions, which shows that he was really listening carefully.

Su Jing explained: "The state is the product of irreconcilable class contradictions, and it is a tool for one class to oppress another class. The state is a historical phenomenon that accompanies the emergence of classes."

"The essence of a state is a class dictatorship backed by huge profits, and it is a machine to maintain an order that is beneficial to the ruling class."

Facing Liu Bowen, Su Jing didn't bother to explain too much.

The thinking ability of Lao Liu in front of him has far exceeded Su Jing's imagination.

It doesn't seem like the thinking and vision that a Ming Dynasty person should have.

Listening to Su Jing's explanation, Liu Bowen fell into deep thought.

Facing such highly summarized and refined words, even he needs to think and understand patiently.

class conflicts.

class oppression.

class dictatorship.

In Su Jing's explanation, there are three classes.

The emergence of a country is closely related to the emergence of classes.

Productivity, Liu Bowen thought of the productivity that Su Jing had mentioned.

From primitive society to slave society and then to feudal society, the improvement of productivity is the fundamental reason for the change.

Primitive society slash-and-burn farming, bronze utensils began to be popularized in slave society, while feudal society turned into iron utensils and cattle farming.

These are the emergence of new productivity tools, which have greatly improved the level of productivity and led to social changes.

But what does this have to do with the emergence of classes?

Liu Bowen looked puzzled, and he turned to Su Jing again and asked, "Master Su, what is the relationship between productivity and class?"

Following Liu Bowen's questioning again, Su Jing got used to it.

This Liu Bowen's quick thinking is amazing!
Su Jing thought for a while, and replied: "The productive forces and production relations in the existence of classes, what is class? In a one-sided and simple way, classes are produced by different divisions of labor."

"One is in management, one is in management, this is class."

"As I said just now, there is no class in primitive society. Why? Because the level of productivity is too low, forcing a group to survive, all members must work together."

"Even if there is a leader, he still has to participate in the actual production activities. All production materials are shared, which is necessary for survival."

"At this time, the materials necessary for survival are also distributed equally, and there is no distinction between classes."

"But with the improvement of productivity, the production efficiency has been greatly improved, and the large materials produced have begun to have a surplus in addition to maintaining the basic life."

"The emergence of surplus products, on the one hand, made it possible for some people to get rid of heavy manual labor and specialize in social management and cultural and scientific activities, thus promoting the development of production; on the other hand, it also prepared the conditions for the emergence of private ownership."

"From this, there are some people who don't need to work, but only need to manage others. And thus class is born."

"And every time productivity increases dramatically, surplus products will also increase, and the relationship between classes will change accordingly, leading to social changes."

"But once a class is created, its core exploitation will not change."

Regarding the relationship between class and productivity, Su Jing can't guarantee that what he said is correct.

He can only describe it with his own memory and understanding.

How much Liu Bowen can understand depends on him.

This is very different from chatting with Zhu Biao. Su Jing can feel that Liu Bowen has really thought about this issue, and his thinking is quite deep.

Therefore, Su Jing was quite worried that there was something wrong with what she said, and it would be a bit embarrassing for Liu Bowen to hear it.

Liu Bowen's brows were sometimes furrowed and sometimes relaxed.

Obviously, he is also seriously digesting what Su Jing said.

"Increased productivity...a change in class..."

Liu Bowen muttered to himself, and his thinking became faster and faster.

"Master Su, I understand!"

Liu Bowen's eyes suddenly lit up, he looked at Su Jing and said, "The feudal society we live in now relies on the feudal private ownership of land. It is precisely because land is the means of production that determines the relationship of production, and the landlord class that owns the land exploits the common people. .”

The span of this wave of Liu Bowen is still huge.

Su Jing nodded in amazement and said, "Well, Lao Liu, you are quite right."

"Then what will happen after that? What will the social form after the feudal society become? What are the new productivity tools?"

Liu Bowen asked Su Jing excitedly, as if he had seen the truth in this world.

However, at this moment Su Jing was silent.

He didn't answer, just sat silently, obviously depressed.

Social form after feudal society.

In Su Jing's mind, what emerges is the history of a century of humiliation.

"Mr. Su, what's the matter? Is there any problem?"

Liu Bowen noticed Su Jing's emotional changes, and asked a little strangely: "Is it because of me?"

"Whoo~"

Su Jing let out a breath, shook his head towards Liu Bowen and said, "Old Liu, it has nothing to do with you, it's my own fault."

"Mr. Su, if you are tired, let's call it a day. I think it's getting late now."

Liu Bowen said to Su Jing.

After chatting for a long time, the sky outside had already darkened, and it was time for dinner.

"Indeed, I've talked too much today, and I'm a little tired."

Su Jing stood up and stretched, throwing away the messy things in her mind.

What's the point of thinking about things that will happen hundreds of years later?

"Niu Yi, Niu Su, it's almost time, let's go out for dinner."

Su Jing shouted out directly.

At this time, Zhu Biao and Zhu Wei were no longer in the yard, and the sky outside was still not bright enough to read, and besides, it was cold in late autumn, so they couldn't stay in the yard for a long time.

"Here we come, Master Su."

"Okay, Master Su."

Zhu Biao and Zhu Huan came out of their own rooms respectively.

Zhu Wei has always been concentrating on his own study, Zhu Biao came to the living room in the middle, and listened to Su Jing's explanation for a while.

However, for him now, these contents are still a bit too deep.

Not everyone is Liu Bowen, who can have such a forward vision in the Ming Dynasty.

Zhu Biao chose to give up temporarily.

He knows who Liu Bowen is, and even he has to think hard about things that are not suitable for him now.

Anyway, I am Su Jing's student, and I will ask more questions in the future when I have time.

"Old Liu, let's go."

Su Jing turned to look at Liu Bowen.

"Okay, Mr. Su will arrange it."

Liu Bowen nodded.

A group of four set off immediately.

The Forbidden City, inside Fengxian Hall.

On Zhu Yuanzhang's side, the latest news about Liu Bowen was also delivered.

"Have we been talking all afternoon?"

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at the secret report, his eyes moved slightly.

Whether it is Liu Bowen or Su Jing, Zhu Yuanzhang is very talented.

However, there is still a big difference in the status of the two in Zhu Yuanzhang's heart.

When fighting for world hegemony, Liu Bowen was naturally Zhu Yuanzhang's most important counselor. It can be said that Liu Bowen's contribution cannot be buried in his success in ascending to the position of Ninth Five-Year Supreme.

But now that the world is initially settled, Liu Bowen has become the most suspicious object in Zhu Yuanzhang's heart.

Zhu Yuanzhang was also suspicious of Su Jing's words at first.

But because Su Jing is in the court, he has no foundation.

Compared with Liu Bowen, Su Jing's body is much easier to control.

It's just that in Su Jing's mind, even Zhu Yuanzhang was worried about spreading the shocking knowledge.

He naturally paid great attention to the meeting of these two people.

In any situation, he must grasp it immediately.

So far, the development of things has not changed much from Zhu Yuanzhang's expectations.

This is a test for Liu Bowen, but it is also a test for Su Jing.

"Su Jing, what is there that you don't know?"

Zhu Yuanzhang got up and walked slowly in Fengxian Hall.

At this time, Empress Ma's figure appeared, holding a food box in her hand: "Chongba, why are you so busy that you forgot to eat? If I didn't go to the imperial dining room to take a look, I wouldn't know that you didn't eat."

Model worker Zhu Yuanzhang deserves his name!

(End of this chapter)