I'm really not doing business

Chapter 536 The god who controls the calendar in the Ming Dynasty
Lin Fucheng analyzed the problem of distinguishing Jinshi family members based on their birthplace from two perspectives, one from the perspective of absolute freedom, and the other from the perspective of limited freedom.

Looking at this issue from the perspective of absolute freedom, of course we must support it, so as to facilitate the merger of power.

Because of the absolute oppression from the top down by the class, it will become a common phenomenon for self-complaints about family poverty. The definition of "poor family" will soon be completely alienated under absolute freedom, and the promotion path of "poor family" will eventually be completed. The most intuitive manifestation of the blockade is the fundamental destruction of the administrative power of the Ming Dynasty by the seat-teacher system.

Looking at this issue from the perspective of limited freedom, of course we must oppose it, and we must oppose it resolutely, because in the current era of strict etiquette and education, examinations are the only fair promotion channel that can achieve a class jump, from a humble family to a wealthy family. One of the top buildings for elected officials.

These are the two perspectives from which Lin Fucheng looks at this issue, which is why he said that Zhang Xigao was a deceiver and a thief, and the questioning was to make Zhang Xigao fall into the corner of this debate.

To admit the universality of "guan Guan" and "li Dai" is to deny one's own views. To deny the universality of "guan Guan" and "li Dai" is to deny one's own life and become a cheap Confucian.

The standard for despising Confucianism in the Ming Dynasty was set by Zhang Juzheng's "Common Confucianism", which lists many characteristics of "confucianism", but the most important one is the word "confucianism", which is based on the practice of practice. , Those who practice 1. If you discuss issues based on honesty, you are not a Confucian. If you do not discuss the issue based on honesty, you are a Confucian.

This is a very clear line, so Lin Fucheng was able to successfully win this debate.

"Why is Master Lin's Gaoyang Travel Notes not updated?" Zhu Yijun asked about the update of Gaoyang Travel Notes. Hao Duanduan suddenly stopped writing travel notes and started writing his own free talk again, which made Zhu Yijun very strange.

"He can't write anymore. If he keeps writing, he won't be able to protect himself. He will write to the officials to force the people to rebel." Wang Qian explained in a low voice why he didn't write. It was really difficult to write.

After all, Lin Fucheng was a mountain man, and he still didn't quite understand the calculation of the temple. The general committed suicide in order to serve the Ming Dynasty for a longer period of time.

Based on the public-private theory, Lin Fucheng believes that if Ming Dynasty protects the collective freedom of the Ming Dynasty, Fanbang will protect the collective interests and freedom of Fan Bang itself.

Wang Qian explained: "This is what the general means. If you don't understand the affairs of the court, there is no need to say more."

Zhu Yijun could only guarantee that Zhang Juzheng would continue to be in power, but who would guarantee that the results of the Wanli Reform would be sustained? It requires great strength, more social consensus, and more vested interests to safeguard this outcome.

"Isn't Fanyi a human?" Zhu Yijun asked with a smile.

Great material abundance means complete freedom, which is human freedom. However, this utopia ignores human nature.

The liberals of the Ming Dynasty recognized that the Fanyi were human beings. This was really too progressive compared to the Taisi who were still arguing that the Indians were monkeys and not human beings in the 19th century.

"So the complete definition of freedom is: when it does not infringe the interests of others, an individual has his own private world, in which others cannot interfere. And when it comes to the interests of others, he does not harm others but benefits himself. , and not being harmed by others is freedom.”

Lin Fucheng thought for a long time and said: "Freedom, from an individual point of view, is not subject to the absolute control of other people's will. This is the most original definition of freedom. This definition is simple and even a bit vulgar, but considering that many times, we often want to make it elegant. Instead of confusing the situation, I think it’s better to stick to its original definition.”

The topic of officials forcing the people to rebel is actually that rebellion is justified. It is an important part of Zhang Juzheng's four natural inferences. Even the very bold second volume of Class Theory discusses distribution and systematically demonstrates that rebellion is justified, but Zhang Juzheng does not If you write down this conclusion, people who understand it will not publicize it everywhere. Even Zhang Juzheng is taboo about this topic, let alone Lin Fucheng.

Going deeper, Lin Fucheng should really be arranged. Whether it is inviting him to tea or physically sealing his throat, this is a situation Zhu Yijun does not want to see.

Look at Zhang Xigao, these powerful people want to lord it over the virtuous and virtuous gentry of the countryside, and even want to take away the good reputation of being hard-working and hard-working!
Not only is it a matter of replacing a poor family, countless rural gentry, powerful and powerful people always tell the outside world how hard they are, how diligent they are, how they work day and night, how they endure hardships and stand hard work, and never mention where their money comes from. , I keep talking about my wealth myth, all relying on my own efforts!

Authority is the authority of people. Once a person dies, all political orders will be counterattacked. This is a view that has been proven time and again in countless historical cycles.

Lin Fucheng further said: "The antonym of freedom is naturally coercion, and it is impossible to completely avoid the existence of coercion, because classes are ubiquitous, and class is a downward movement. If there is a class, it is forced to exist."

The general's reputation has been ruined by Mr. Huang. How can he directly say that if it is ruined, get another piece out!
Isn't this the same as pouring dirty water on the general's palace? He does bad things quietly and secretly. It is inappropriate to publicize it in such a public way, even though it was indeed the official title given to him by the General's Palace.

When Lin Fucheng discussed freedom, he did not give a clear definition of freedom, which made freedom a bit confusing. The extreme absolute liberals, the conservative limited liberals, the cheap Confucianism who deceived the world and used the name of freedom to seek personal gain. All the confusions of the liberals are Confusion stems from free definition.

"Then the only way to prevent excessive coercion is coercive deterrence, which comes from the power of the state and the stipulations of the law. It demarcates the world that belongs entirely to oneself and uses the law to ensure that the majority of the Ming people limited freedom.”

Except for the Panyi people outside the Ming Dynasty, that is not an issue for his freedom to discuss.

"Of course this only applies to the Ming Dynasty, and the freedom I discuss is only the freedom of the Ming Dynasty people." Lin Fucheng made the biggest restriction on his definition, that is, all freedom belongs to the Ming Dynasty people, and freedom only belongs to the Ming Dynasty people.

However, the banner of this utopia still needs to be raised high. In practice, Lin Fucheng chose to surrender to authority and let the overriding power of the country guarantee the freedom between people. In other words, Not so cruel, bone-crushing and marrow-sucking Zipei.

"Mencius and Agricultural Science's discussion of the division of labor has already explained that people cannot be separated from the existence of others, because it is impossible for a person to complete his or her existence without being connected with others. Taking salt as an example, people cannot live without eating salt. People in the hinterland need salt cookers to cook salt, and merchants to sell it everywhere.”

Compared with the previous boundary of freedom: abide by the laws of the Ming Dynasty and the public order and good customs of the Ming Dynasty; now the boundary of freedom has become: do not harm others to enrich yourself, and do not be harmed by others.

Lin Fucheng said matter-of-factly: "Of course Fanyi are human beings. Apart from being short, there is no difference in the characteristics of the Japanese in Jieguyuan. However, Fanyi has its own collective, and the collective freedom should be fought for by its own collective." and protection, rather than relying on Ming’s mercy, the freedom of Ming’s mercy is not freedom.”

"The definition of freedom cannot be completely limited to individuals. Freedom is a relationship between people."

The ideal country of Lin Fucheng's theory of freedom is a world of freedom for everyone with great material abundance. Material abundance disintegrates classes, and there is no need for intercourse between people, because the great material abundance makes intercourse meaningless, and intercourse loses its meaning. Classes will disappear, and the utopia of complete freedom will come.

Zhu Yijun looked at Lin Fucheng and said seriously: "There has never been a clear and detailed definition of the word freedom, and now the Ming Dynasty is in urgent need of a definition. Even for freedom supporters, the unclear definition has led to cognitive confusion. Although the words are the same, the content they refer to is completely different. What is freedom?”

This is an argument based on the public-private theory.

But Lin Fucheng knows that it is false, because his theory of freedom is based on a material perspective. From a completely material perspective, the logic is self-consistent, but there is only one most essential thing missing, human beings, or... human nature.

Now, it’s time to clarify what freedom means.

Ming Dynasty was so busy with his own affairs that he had no time to care about others. Just a major event, the abolition of slave status, caused chaos in Sochi. Lin Fucheng had no time to care about Fanyi's life and whether he was free.

"If anyone discusses the interests and freedom of Fanyi and advocates for Fanyi, then he is probably using this name to pursue his own personal interests. In other words, he is already a Fanyi and is no longer a Ming Dynasty person."

You cannot harm the interests of others by shouting in the name of freedom. This is expropriation and deceiving the world, not freedom.

"I really don't understand this." Lin Fucheng nodded and admitted his shortcomings.

"Young Master Huang, there is no need to talk about private appointments in the general's office on such occasions in the future. It will be bad for the general's reputation." After Lin Fucheng's victory, he came to Zhu Yijun and Wang Qian's box. Lin Fucheng hesitated again and again. Speak your mind.

This was the only way he could think of to practice the path to freedom.

The inherent evil of human nature made Lin Fucheng very clear. His utopia of freedom was just an utopia, and reality was simply impossible.

Zhu Yijun nodded sincerely and said, "That can't be written. It's not convenient for him to discuss this issue."

The Ming Dynasty's mercy can only provide limited help, and its interests need to be protected by itself. For example, when the Mankara Kingdom was destroyed by the Red Mao Fan, the Ming Dynasty could only send envoys to order the Hong Mao Fan to return it. Even if they fight back to the Strait of Malacca now, that would be The Malacca Strait of the Ming Dynasty.

Lin Fucheng was a Confucian scholar who grew up in Huayizhibian. The scope of his theory of freedom was very small, limited to the Ming Dynasty.

"If you place your hope in authority, you will face the reincarnation of people and governments. This is an irrational approach." Zhu Yijun agreed with Lin Fucheng's limited freedom theory, but he still reminded Lin Fucheng that this limited freedom theory relies on the limitations of authoritarianism.

Lin Fucheng completed the definition of freedom from the two perspectives of individual and collective, that is, public and private.

"But it is by far the most appropriate method. Didn't His Majesty say that? There is never the best government order, only the appropriate government order that adapts to the current situation." Lin Fucheng quoted the emperor's speech in Di Bao to support his point of view. .

Zhu Yijun was a little embarrassed. His words were quoted in person, but he couldn't tear off his vest directly. It felt like he was hit by his own boomerang. Daming was really boomeranged everywhere.

I chatted with Lin Fucheng for a long time and asked for some details about the counter-narrative about the government forcing the people to force the people. I determined that Lin Fucheng was not suitable to write this article because Lin Fucheng's views were too radical. Some people in Baoding Prefecture who could not survive gathered in the mountains and forests. They became savages, and these savages were not persuaded or appeased by the government, but when the bandits went to exterminate them, the last step of the government forcing the people to rebel was completed, and the people had to rise up.

If you really want to write about it, you have to start with "All time is lost, and you and I are all dead." This length is not suitable for Lin Fucheng to start the discussion. Zhang Juzheng did not dare to start this discussion. It can be seen that it really hits the mark of the imperial system of counties and counties. The fundamental problem is the pervasiveness of class.

Zhu Yijun left Taibai Tower and saw the excitement during this trip. He saw the embarrassment of Zhang Xigao, a cheap scholar, and saw Lin Fucheng's fierce attack. He clearly understood the dangers of the cheap scholar's support of recruiting Jinshi scholars based on their birthplace. One looks good, but The decree, which would be very bad to implement, had a discussion with Lin Fucheng to clarify the definition of freedom. The Ming Emperor, who had gained a lot, returned to the study room of Tonghe Palace with satisfaction.

As soon as he sat down, Zhang Hong walked in and bowed his head and said, "Your Majesty, His Royal Highness King De is asking for an audience outside the palace."

"Xuan."

"See your majesty, are you doing well with your majesty's holy bow?" Zhu Zaiyu bowed his head and said hello. The man who came in with Zhu Zaiyu was a man in his thirties. He looked particularly thin. Because he was very tall, had a big frame, and was not very fat, he looked very thin. His eyes were shining with a smile. With some perseverance, he bowed five times and kowtowed three times at the door, and said in a submissive voice: "I kowtow to your Majesty, long live your Majesty, long live your Majesty."

"I'm sorry, no courtesy, please sit down and talk." Zhu Yijun asked doubtfully: "This is..."

"Xing Yunlu, a Jinshi in the eighth year of Wanli, was admitted to the Imperial Academy of Science and Technology." Zhu Zaiyu introduced the origin of Xing Yunlu. A Jinshi in the Ming Dynasty did not want to be an official, so he went to become a doctor of the Five Classics, which is no different from becoming a monk. Zhu Zaiyu thought Liao thought and said, "Especially good at astronomy."

"Xing Yunlu, I've written it down, sit down and don't be formal." Zhu Yijun nodded. He didn't know every Doctor of the Five Classics.

"Xing Yunlu? Are you Xing Yunlu?"

Zhu Yijun repeated the name twice, and the more he heard it, the more familiar it became. He had actually heard of this name.

He immediately remembered who this person was. The local astronomer of the Ming Dynasty accurately measured the length of the tropical year to 365.24219 days, which was 2.1 seconds different from the average length of the tropical year in later generations' theories. In short, he was the god who controlled the calendar of the Ming Dynasty.

Guo Shoujing in the Yuan Dynasty was already a god. The calendar he revised took four hundred years and was only missing one day. When the Western Confucian Calendar was revised in the 10th year of Wanli, days were directly deleted. Guo Shoujing was already very powerful. However, Xing Yunlu was able to use extremely primitive tools to correct the errors of Guo Shoujing and Guo Shenxian through several years of observation under the wave of the Ming Dynasty's ban on astronomy, which shows his achievements in astronomy.

"A person from Baoding Prefecture, North Zhili?" Zhu Yijun looked at Xing Yunlu to confirm his place of origin and see if he had the same name.

Xing Yunlu thought that His Majesty, who was extremely diligent, was very familiar with the resume of Doctor of the Five Classics, so he quickly bowed his head and said, "A native of Ansu, Baoding Prefecture."

That's it. Among the Jinshi in the eighth year of Wanli, there was only one named Xing Yunlu.

"Okay, what is your uncle doing here this time?" Zhu Yijun asked Zhu Zaiyu's purpose.

"We have discovered four errors in Guo Shoujing's Grand Unification Calendar. Your Majesty, the first thing to explain is that our calculations are not accurate. We can only say that they are close to the correct value." Zhu Zaiyu has always been very rigorous, and it is possible to study things. Sex is infinitely close to one, but always on the right path.

Zhu Yijun took a deep breath, sat up straight and said, "Uncle Emperor, you can start."

Zhu Zaiyu said: "The first error of these four errors is from ancient times. Before, we generally believed that the changes in the shadow length of the sundial before and after the winter solstice were symmetrical. However, after extremely precise calculations, we found that at the winter solstice The change in shadow length before and after is not symmetrical, and this error has existed since ancient times. "

"The second error is that we previously thought that the change in shadow length within a day was uniform, but after detailed calculations, we found that this was not the case, which created a new error."

"The third one is Guo Shoujing's four-sea mapping, which did not take into account the difference in longitude, resulting in the difference in shadow length. At that time, there was only latitude, not longitude."

"The fourth error is the change in the length of each tropical year spanning three hundred years. It was generally believed that the time of each year is the same, but in fact it has changed."

“基于以上四个误差的修正，我们得到的回归年长度为365.2422天，也就是365天24刻22分51秒13忽30丝。”

Zhu Zaiyu has tried his best to make his words easy to understand. Zhu Zaiyu has omitted the specific calculations of these four errors and the specific measurement methods, and directly gave the results.

In the Ming Dynasty, there are 1 quarters in a day, 100 minutes in a quarter, and so on. The sexagesimal hours, minutes, and seconds have not yet come out because the new calendar has not been revised.

"So what are the causes of these errors?" Zhu Yijun asked enthusiastically.

Zhu Zaiyu said very excitedly: "Normally, we think that the angle between the earth's axis and the ecliptic plane is 66°34', which was measured by Ulugh Beg, the king of the Timurid Kingdom during the Yongle period, but in fact this angle is also changing. , approximately between 67°53′ and 66°34′, less than one degree, and we found that the Earth’s orbit around the sun is not a perfect circle, but an ellipse.”

"Although I can't prove it yet, the movements of metal, wood, water, fire, and earth that I have observed are all like this."

Zhu Zaiyu picked up a pencil and drew a rectangular coordinate system. He drew an ellipse, described the origin as the sun, and described the ellipse as the trajectory of the planets.

"The sun is at the focus of the elliptical orbit, and the earth moves around the sun on this ellipse. When it is close to the sun, the speed will increase, and when it leaves, the speed will decrease. It is extremely magical." Zhu Zaiyu is incomparable. Said excitedly.

Zhu Yijun asked curiously: "Why is it oval?"

"Um, I don't know, I haven't thought of it yet." Zhu Zaiyu was stunned for a moment, and his excitement turned into a little frustrated. This may be the pain of exploring the boundaries of the cognitive world. After breaking through a point, he discovered that there are still countless problems. There was no end to the road waiting for him.

"It's okay, just take your time." Zhu Yijun said with unfinished meaning.

Zhu Yijun understood very well what Zhu Zaiyu said. It was the process of discovering Kepler's first law. The earth's orbit around the sun is an elliptical orbit rather than a perfect circle. Kepler should be helping his mother take care of the hotel at home and running the hotel. Kepler's grandfather was the mayor of Stuttgart, but Kepler's father went to the Netherlands to participate in the Netherlands' 80-year War of Independence and died there.

Kepler could only help his mother take care of the hotel to make ends meet.

Zhu Yijun asked: "Who discovered it?"

"It's Xing Yunlu, that's why I brought him here." Zhu Zaiyu solemnly introduced Xing Yunlu, who was a Jinshi turned doctor of the Five Classics. It was he who proposed not a perfect circle but an elliptical orbit, and it was he who discovered the change of the earth's axis. These two bold assumptions were carefully verified and made the Ming calendar more accurate.

"Then, let's publish it on the front page of Di Bao." Zhu Yijun decided to reward him with the glory he deserved. Usually, the headline on the front page of Di Bao every month is the imperial edict of the Ming Emperor, but now Zhu Yijun has put Xing Yunlu on his head. In the headlines, the last time there was news about the small-scale mass production of 16-horsepower steam engines.

It turns out that in the historical line, Xing Yunlu spent his whole life fighting for the Ming Dynasty's calendar that was no longer accurate.

Ever since Zhu Zaiyu wrote a wrong calendar in the 12th year of Wanli, Xing Yunlu and Qin Tianjian started a long thirty-seven-year war around the calendar. Xing Yunlu relied on rough tools and himself to fight to the end. At the last moment of his life, he still failed. After Xing Yunlu died, Xu Guangqi took over these achievements and continued to fight.

It was not until the second year of Chongzhen that Xu Guangqi finally defeated the Ministry of Rites and the Qintian Prison, which were stuck in their ways for three generations, and formally began to compile the new Ming Dynasty almanac. In the seventh year of Chongzhen, the new calendar was completed. After the completion, it was still rejected by the Ministry of Rites and the Qintian Prison. The Qin Tian Jian obstructed it, and it was not implemented until the 16th year of Chongzhen. The following year, Emperor Chongzhen hanged himself on Meishan, and the Ming Dynasty declared its official demise.

The "Chongzhen Almanac" was almost deleted, and finally became the Tatar and Qing Dynasty's Constitutional Calendar, which was promulgated in the 14th year of Shunzhi.

"So are we ready to revise a new calendar?" Zhu Yijun asked expectantly: "What needs to be done and how much money is needed? You don't have to be polite, uncle. In the investigation of things, all I have is money."

Zhu Yijun wanted to focus more on government affairs, so the emperor's uncle could only lead the Ming Dynasty Five Classics Doctors to make breakthroughs in the research of the Institute of Science and Technology.

But Zhu Yijun has never been short of silver from the Gewuyuan, but Zhu Zaiyu doesn't seem to be a very good person with money. The one million silver that Wanli asked for at the beginning of ten years has not been spent yet.

Zhu Zaiyu bowed his head and said: "There is enough money, but we need to survey the whole world. The Institute wants to conduct observations in Womagang, Jilin, Nagasaki, Mindanao, and Java. If conditions permit, the City of the Sun in the Viceroyalty of Mexico, Peru Mapping of Tierra del Fuego and the Free City of Western Europe.”

"To confirm the accuracy of the calendar."

The Ming Dynasty's silver still has extremely strong purchasing power at the moment. It's not that Zhu Zaiyu doesn't want any more funds, but he really can't spend it all.

Zhu Yijun thought for a moment and said, "Easy to say, I'll communicate with Felipe II to see what he wants, and I'll try my best to satisfy him. If he doesn't know what's good, I'll beat him until he agrees."

The Ming Dynasty is indeed far away from the West, but Felipe II is not without enemies. If it can't be done, he will join forces with England. It is ridiculing to associate with bandits, but to achieve the goal, use any means to achieve the goal. This is the first principle that Zhang Juzheng taught Zhu Yijun. , a good person should be a good person, and don't be indecisive in a high position.

Zhu Zaiyu left with the emperor's promise. Nothing in Ming Dynasty is as good as His Majesty's promise. This is the current consensus. Whatever His Majesty promised, he has never failed to fulfill it, and even the credibility of the court has been lost. With the emperor's credibility restored a lot.

Zhu Yijun took out the secret box under the table, checked the fire paint seal, and opened Ling Yunyi's secret box. Inside was Ling Yunyi's secret box.

Ling Yunyi reported good news and bad news.

The good news is that the progress of Qingzhang and Puchadingkou on the ground in Henan was much faster than expected. On the day the vassal king left, a local powerful man found the Yamen and cried bitterly, saying that the vassal king had committed evil. , seized their land, and now that the feudal lord is finally gone, their land can also be clarified in cadastral form.

The bad news is that Ling Yunyi's carefully prepared iron fist failed to strike. He had already accumulated enough strength. As a result, the opponent knelt on the ground and surrendered before it could be struck. This continued pursuit seemed too hasty. If he did not continue the pursuit, This is all a waste of time.

There is something to be said for the situation in Henan. Henan and Shandong are close to each other. What you, Ling Yunyi, did in Guangzhou are all hearsay, but the news from Shandong happened around you. After waiting for so long, isn't it just waiting for the feudal lord? Wang Qianfan? If you don't surrender, will you kill someone?
The land clearing and census of the entire Henan land will be completed before June. The abolition of the slave registration has already begun with the census. The expansion of the Henan ground engineer regiment camp is accelerating. In just one month, it has expanded. More than 20,000 people were engaged in reclaiming wasteland, smelting in pits, making iron and steel, and restoring production on the ground in Henan.

Brutal mergers have destroyed Henan's production. More than 55% of Henan's farmland has been abandoned. This is a bad situation that Ling Yunyi never expected. Farmers in other places are on the verge of bankruptcy, but Henan's land is on the verge of bankruptcy. Nearly half of the farmers have gone bankrupt, and countless people have been displaced and migrated to Shaanxi, Huguang, Sichuan, and Nanya.

Zhu Yijun thought about it for a long time and replied: "When necessary, all available means can be used to solve the wasteland problem. ]
This is decentralization. The problems on the ground in Henan are much more serious than the court imagined and require more policy support.

When necessary, Ling Yunyi can be given the power to act expediently and allow him to return limited land to Henan. It is urgent to alleviate the contradiction between man and land.

(End of this chapter)