I'm really not doing business

Chapter 692: Prepare for the Trial of Galileo

The guarantee for maintaining the subordinate relationship between the Ming Dynasty and the Governor-General's Office of Luzon has never been the loyalty between the ruler and his subjects, but the powerful strength of the Ming Dynasty navy.

This is why Zhu Yijun didn't care about Yin Zhengmao sinking people into the sea.

At the end of the first year of the Wanli reign, after Yin Zhengmao led the surrendered Lin Afeng to cross the sea to launch a surprise attack on Luzon, if the Ming Dynasty had not opened the sea and rebuilt the navy, even if Yin Zhengmao was loyal to the emperor and the country, he could only think about it in his heart, and everyone would force him to declare himself king; but now the Ming Dynasty navy is extremely powerful, even if Yin Zhengmao wanted to declare himself king and establish a country in the land, he could only think about it, and everyone would force him to be loyal to the emperor and the country.

Many times, people seem to have many choices, but in fact they have no choice at all. The current situation is very good. Everything is reported, and all the copper is taken to the Ming Dynasty in exchange for goods and banknotes.

Luzon is a governor-general's office and the rules of the hinterland cannot be applied mechanically.

"Does the Marquis of Sishui have any candidates for the position of Crown Prince?" Zhu Yijun asked with a smile. Zhu Yijun was naturally happy with Chen Chengyi's proposal to confer the title of Crown Prince. Of course, he also had to consider Yin Zhengmao's own thoughts. It was just killing a few criminals. Even if he killed all the exiles, Zhu Yijun would not mind.

Yin Zhengmao had three sons. The eldest, Yin Zongyi, worked as an officer in the Front Military Governor's Office, receiving a salary in the capital of the Ming Dynasty, not in Luzon. The second, Yin Zongfu, was a captain of the Embroidered Uniform Guard and was also a light chariot commander, which was also an idle position without any work. He worked in his hometown, Nanya Huizhou.

Only the third brother, Yin Zongxin, stayed in Luzon and married Princess Yingjia Zhu Xuanchang, the adopted daughter of Concubine Zhou Defei.

This meant that the Huizhou Yin family had expanded and had three branches.

According to the Ming Dynasty's inheritance law of primogeniture, the eldest son Yin Zongyi is the best candidate, and he is also in the Northern Yamen. If Yin Zhengmao dies in Luzon, the Ming Dynasty can just move the Sishui Marquisate inland. In this way, Luzon can be completely digested. It seems to be a good plan.

"Lord Guoxing wants his third son, the imperial consort Yin Zongxin, to succeed him. I hope Your Majesty will grant his wish." Chen Chengyi bowed his head again and said an unexpected name.

According to convention, the imperial concubine's son-in-law does not take charge of affairs. Since Yin Zongxin has become the imperial concubine's son-in-law, he should not ask for anything more. According to convention, the eldest son should succeed to the throne. Yin Zhengmao's desire to make his youngest son the heir surprised everyone.

Chen Chengyi said solemnly: "Your Majesty, Lord Guoxing said that the eldest son is ill, the second son is not familiar with military affairs, and is not in Luzon, so he is not familiar with the affairs of Luzon. Only the third son is both civil and military, and can be loyal to Your Majesty."

The most crucial issue here is that Yin Zhengmao did not intend to move the Sishui Marquisate back to the hinterland, but planned to let the Sishui Marquisate continue to be hereditary in Luzon.

This is very taboo.

"Although he is called a son-in-law, he is actually older than me. I have also met Yin Zongxin. He is a loyal man who cares about his country and is good at both civil and military affairs. Let's choose him. Feng Daban will submit a memorial to the cabinet to draft an imperial edict." Zhu Yijun made the decision without any hesitation and said with a smile: "I want to follow the old example of the Duke of Qian, and I also hope that the Sishui Marquisate can be like the Duke of Qian."

"I thank the Emperor for his grace." Chen Chengyi thought that His Majesty would not agree, and that His Majesty would let the Ministry of Rites be the bad guy. After all, it involved the issue of the relocation of the Sishui Marquis' Mansion. However, Chen Chengyi did not expect that His Majesty would agree so quickly.

"Your Majesty, I think there is something wrong with this." Upon hearing this, Zhang Juzheng stood up. If he opposed it, Wan Shi and the imperial party would not have to count on him.

Zhu Yijun immediately said, "Sir, we agreed before that when the Marquis of Sishui crossed the sea to Luzon to open up the country, he always cited the old events of the Duke of Qian's Mansion, including letting my adopted daughter marry Yin Zongxin and give her the surname of the emperor. That's all true, sir."

"Your Majesty, the past is the past, and the present is the present." Zhang Juzheng disagreed. His reason was simple. He had underestimated the progress of Luzon's monarchization before. In fact, there were too many Han people in Luzon and even in the entire Nanyang. The monarchization of Luzon was not as difficult as he thought. Coupled with the prosperity of sea trade, the process of Luzon's monarchization was faster than that of Suiyuan.

Now it seems more appropriate to move the Sishui Marquisate inland.

Zhu Yijun sat up straight and said very seriously: "Sir, we are not in Luzon. Is Luzon so stable because of the Sishui Marquis or because of the Ming Dynasty's control? I thought it was the latter, but today it seems to be the former."

"Because the Marquis of Sishui is still here, it's so stable."

"Sir, look at these lowly scholars. They dare to do such things when the Marquis of Sishui is still here. If the Marquis of Sishui is gone, or even the Marquis of Sishui's mansion is gone, wouldn't Luzon become the lair of rebels? By then, it is inevitable that pirates will rise up in the southeast."

Zhang Juzheng thought about it seriously, then bowed his head and said, "Your Majesty is wise."

Chen Chengyi was a little confused for a moment. He couldn't tell what was going on.

In the first case, Zhang Juzheng was acting, the ministers were against it, but the emperor insisted on supporting it, which could win over the hearts of the people in Sishui Marquisate;

In another scenario, Zhang Juzheng was not acting and was truly opposed. The emperor insisted on the surface but was actually opposed, so he asked the Sishui Marquisate to be sensible and change the candidate for the crown prince himself.
There is another situation, that is, Zhang Juzheng was not acting, and Your Majesty was not acting either.

"I am stupid." Chen Chengyi chose to tell the truth. If he couldn't guess, he wouldn't guess and would just say it directly.

"Don't guess randomly, Yin Zongxin is the prince." Zhu Yijun looked at Chen Chengyi's expression and knew that he was daydreaming again. When he was not in the court, he always felt that the court was too unfathomable. But in fact, there were not so many intrigues in the court during the Wanli period.

The emperor smiled and said, "It is settled."

Yin Zhengmao's eldest son was indeed sickly and not very good at either literature or martial arts. After being married for many years, he had already settled down in Beiya, while Yin Zhengmao's second son already had a grandson in his hometown.

When Yin Zhengmao attacked Luzon, he had only his youngest son by his side. He was both civil and military, and had fought in the battles, so he was considered the best candidate.

Zhang Juzheng did want to move the Sishui Marquisate inland because the times were changing, but what the emperor said made sense. If Yin Zhengmao was forced to commit suicide by drowning, if the Sishui Marquisate was really moved inland, Luzon would probably learn from the Thirteen Divisions of Jiaozhi. Once Yin Zhengmao left, these corrupt civil servants would surely force everyone in Luzon to the point of chaos.

The Ming Dynasty lost Luzon, which was tantamount to declaring the failure of opening up the sea.

After comprehensive consideration, Zhang Juzheng agreed with His Majesty's idea and allowed the Sishui Marquisate to remain in Luzon and continue this semi-feudal, semi-county system. Yunnan is the practice of this system, and the effect is very good.

The Dali Kingdom was also very powerful in the past. Even though the Tang Dynasty was so powerful, it did not completely conquer Dali until Mongke conquered Dali. However, the system used was still hereditary chieftains. In fact, the Dali Kingdom had always existed, but there was no longer a king. Instead, there were hereditary general managers, the Duan family, and hereditary prime ministers, the Gao family. It was not until the Duke of Qian established a vassal state in Yunnan that Yunnan completely became one of the thirteen provincial governments of the Ming Dynasty.

The degree of royal rule was even higher than that of Guizhou, which was closer to the heartland of the Ming Dynasty.

It is better to be steady when expanding territory.

"Your Majesty, King Philip II, King of Spain, Lord of the British Empire, Protector of Sicily and Naples, Archduke of Franche-Comté, Lord of Milan, sent a humble envoy to bring the most sincere greetings and two million taels of silver as compensation, asking Your Majesty to forgive Solon's unauthorized and evil behavior." Legazpi stepped forward and presented the letter from Philip II.

"No, has Felipe made his title so long now? He only needs to say that he is the King of Spain, and how can I not know who he is?" Zhu Yijun was also surprised to hear such a long title. Before, Felipe disdained to pile up his title like this. He was just a simple King of Spain, which was Felipe's pride.

Just like Zhu Yijun, he always said that he was the Emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and never said anything like the King of Kings or the Great Lord Who Unified the World. This is a kind of pride. I don't need to bluff, my name is enough to represent everything.

Now, Felipe can only resort to this trick of using titles to maintain his superficial equal status.

Although everyone said that his galleon trade was tribute, he himself did not want to think so. He was always pursuing an equal diplomatic relationship.

Li Yashi says every day that the Ming Dynasty values ​​reputation, so don’t these Westerners who have come up with such long names value reputation?

Zhu Yijun picked up the letter and was about to start reading it when he suddenly looked up and asked, "How much taels of silver?"

Legashi said quickly, "Two million taels. Soran is His Highness's messenger. He did something that is despised by both humans and gods. His Highness said that he must express his sincere apology no matter what."

"Oh, two million taels of silver, full of sincerity." Zhu Yijun lowered his head to read the letter. He looked up again and asked, "Has the silver been delivered to Ming Dynasty?"

"It has been deposited into the Emperor's Treasury in Songjiang Prefecture." Li Yashi said hurriedly.

Grand Minister Wang Guoguang immediately stood up and bowed his head and said, "Your Majesty, the two million silver coins, shouldn't half of the national treasury be included?"

"Grand Minister, this shouldn't be divided." Feng Bao immediately retorted. This is the compensation Felipe gave to His Majesty. Why should the national treasury jump out to share half? Is there any law or justice?
"Your Majesty, a king is selfless." Wang Guoguang ignored Feng Bao's challenge and went directly to His Majesty to ask for money. This silver must be at least half of the national treasury. Even if the sky falls, it is still the same. Your Majesty is the emperor of the Ming Dynasty, and this silver from Felipe II is compensation to the Ming Dynasty!

"Grand Tutor, you are so greedy. This silver has been deposited into the emperor's treasury, and you want the treasury to return half of it? You are dreaming, but it's impossible!" Feng Bao was still aggressive and refused to give.

Zhu Yijun lowered his head to read the letter without saying a word. His attitude was obvious. How could a Pi Xiu swallow silver and then spit it out?
"Your Majesty, everyone in the world is selfish, except Your Majesty." Wang Guoguang's strategy was still not to confront the eunuchs, but to point the spearhead at the emperor.

If you, the emperor, say no today, Wang Guoguang will dare to throw a tantrum in front of the emperor. The world belongs to your Zhu family, and the national treasury also belongs to your Zhu family. You, the emperor, can do whatever you want!

After reading the letter, Zhu Yijun looked at Wang Guoguang with a headache and said, "Alright, alright, you are arguing over such trivial matters. How can you be so magnanimous as the Celestial Empire? Let the envoys laugh at you. Just give us a quarter of the national treasury."

"Your Majesty, magnanimity is the Ministry of Rites's business. I am just an accountant who smells of money. I have to do my job. Half means half, not a penny less." Wang Guoguang didn't bother with magnanimity. The real skill was to get the money!

Every year before the Chinese New Year, the Beijing Army would even take out the firearms made in Yongle and cry poor. Wasn’t it all for the budget?

"Your Majesty, once this precedent is set, will it be followed in the future? The country will no longer be a country, and the world will perish!" Wang Guoguang refused to give in. This was a loss to the entire Ming Dynasty.

"Alright, alright, just one million taels of silver. It depends on what you said. It's not a country anymore. Half of the national treasury, half, that's all." Zhu Yijun was so angry that he laughed. Everyone said that he, Zhu Yijun, was a stingy guy, but how could the Minister of Finance of the Ming Dynasty be inferior to him? !
"I have seen the sincerity of Felipe II's apology, and I have accepted it." Zhu Yijun looked at Li Yashi and said with a smile: "It is a joke for Li Yashi's special envoy to quarrel over a few pieces of silver."

"Your Majesty, this is not a small amount of silver, it is two million silver. Before the third year of Wanli, it was two years' worth of gold and silver." Li Yashi did not have any intention of laughing at the joke. This was the most terrifying thing about the Wanli Dynasty: the corrupt Ming scholar-official class who were ashamed to talk about profit were dying!
If it were the Western world, and the corrupt Church completed its own metabolism, what a terrible scene it would be?

The Ming Dynasty was gradually getting rid of the bad habit of caring about face and making great strides towards pragmatism. This seemed natural to the Ming court, but in Li Yashi's eyes, it was one of the results of the Wanli Reform of the Ming Dynasty.

"Who is this?" Zhu Yijun looked at the young man next to Li Yashi and asked.

"His name is Galileo. He is a smart man. Because he displeased the Holy See, he came to work for His Highness Felipe. Because the Holy See asked him to come to the Ming Dynasty with me, it would be a waste to keep him in the West." Li Yashi introduced the young man next to him. "Oh? Galileo?" Zhu Yijun looked at Galileo very seriously for a long time before asking, "Where are you from? What's your full name?"

"I pay my respects to Your Majesty. Long live Your Majesty." Galileo's Chinese was not very accurate, but he had learned these few sentences for a long time, so his pronunciation was quite standard. He said very seriously, "My real name is Galileo di Vincenzo Bonardi de Galilei. I was born in Pisa, the Principality of Florence. I later studied medicine at the University of Pisa. Because I mentioned the word tide in my article, I was expelled by the court and was unable to complete my studies."

Galileo briefly described his past life.

He was forced to drop out of school because the word tide was mentioned in his article, which violated the teachings of the Vatican, which prevented Galileo from completing his studies.

When Zhu Yijun heard the word "tide", he was sure that this Galileo was the Galileo he knew. In short, the young man in front of him was the father of modern science.

"How do you think the tides are caused?" Zhu Yijun asked in Latin with a smile, "The tides rise and fall every day, and there seems to be a regular pattern. Why do you think the tides run in such a regular pattern?"

Galileo's Chinese was not good, and this was not diplomatic, so Zhu Yijun chose to use Latin for faster communication.

"Your Majesty, the tides are caused by the swaying of the sea water. The earth revolves around the sun in an elliptical shape, so it will accelerate and decelerate. It is precisely because of the acceleration and deceleration that the vast ocean sways, which leads to high tides and low tides, and the regularity of high tides and low tides." Galileo looked at the emperor in surprise. The emperor of the Ming Dynasty could actually speak Latin! And he spoke in a clear and mellow voice, with the accent of an authentic old Roman aristocrat.

In fact, the Ming Dynasty refined some syllables of Latin to make Zhu Yijun's pronunciation sound more aristocratic.

"No, no, no, I don't think so. I think it's caused by the attraction of the moon and the sun on the sea water. According to your theory, it accelerates at perihelion and decelerates at aphelion, so the tidal changes, the time of high tide and low tide, should change with the acceleration and deceleration. But we have observed that the interval between high tide and low tide is the same regardless of the season." Zhu Yijun stretched out his hand and began to argue with Galileo.

He took out a piece of paper and drew two axes with a pencil, with time as the horizontal axis and the height of high tide as the vertical axis. He simply sketched out an image and continued to discuss with Galileo, while Feng Bao asked someone to find the research report of his uncle Zhu Zaiyu.

"This is a problem I haven't considered." Galileo was stunned. He was surprised that the emperor took out a mathematical tool, a simple image, which expressed the problem so clearly and specifically, and his majesty's argument seemed very sufficient.

The emperor provided sufficient evidence to support his point of view, including massive amounts of data, ultra-long-term observations, abundant charts and graphs, and specialized doctors of the Five Classics to make calculations. Faced with so much hard evidence, Galileo's views on his tidal theory began to waver for the first time.

What surprised Galileo the most was that the Ming Dynasty seemed to be studying science in a more standardized way, or what the Ming Dynasty itself called the infinite principle of all things. It observed objective things, conducted orderly and standardized experiments, obtained verifiable explanations, remained skeptical, summarized experiences, and systematized and formalized them. This was the research method of the Ming Dynasty Royal Academy of Sciences.

The temple of science really exists in Ming Dynasty.

The emperor in front of him was well aware of the research results of the Five Classics doctors in the Academy of Gewu, and he explained it very clearly.

"So, practice is the criterion for testing everything." Zhu Yijun put down the chart in his hand. In the eyes of many scholars, the research of the Ming Dynasty Royal Academy of Studies was completely useless and too inquisitive.

But Zhu Yijun was very sure that these would be useful.

"The embodiment of wisdom, I have always had a question. Ever since I started studying medicine, why has the definition of uncleanness in the West become erroneous? It seems that they believe that dirtiness is holiness, but is holiness dirty? Only by accepting everything God has given us can we get closer to God."

“This is a fallacy!”

"Perhaps this is the reason why I cannot become a missionary." Galileo had doubts in his heart. Listening to His Majesty's wonderful talk and the influence of the moon and the sun on the tides, he believed that His Majesty was the embodiment of wisdom and asked the questions in his heart.

Galileo initially studied at a seminary and later began to study medicine. He was very puzzled by this obvious fallacy. How could such a wrong theory be so popular and followed by the majority of believers? Galileo couldn't understand this problem.

The king and queen stank like old goats, and they were actually proud of it.

"It's nothing, the Ming Dynasty also has similar bad habits, such as the body and hair are given by parents, and some people even stay in their homes to show filial piety. This is an outdated concept." Zhu Yijun thought for a moment and said with a smile: "Since you ask sincerely, I will try to answer your question."

"Nothing happens without a reason. More than 200 years ago, the Black Death began to spread widely in the West. This disease, which was widely spread by rats, took the lives of countless Westerners. Western doctors were helpless. In practice, they found that people who took baths were more likely to get sick, so they banned bathing."

"At this point, the definition of uncleanliness began to distort, and bathrooms began to be closed on a large scale throughout the West, and eventually this kind of rule that needed to be widely followed was formed."

Zhu Yijun began to explain why there was such a strange rule, it was because of the Black Death.

When the seasons change, it is easy to get sick. Coupled with the lack of hot water, taking a bath is a life-threatening thing for ordinary people. It is indeed more likely to get sick. The Black Death pandemic prompted the spread of the habit of not taking a bath, and by the Wanli period, it had become like this.

"The old and corrupt ruling machine tends to resist any change, so it becomes more and more violent. The more resistance there is, the more it will be suppressed. It has evolved into what it is now, where violation is a coercive means of heresy and has become a tool for the ruling class to maintain its rule." Zhu Yijun told Galileo his thoughts.

"Thank you, Your Majesty, for clearing up my confusion." Galileo understood and realized the causes and consequences of the distorted definition of uncleanliness. In fact, this is the shortcoming of the West. The West has no history books, so it frantically attributed many research results of the great travel activities to the ancients.

Also, because there were no history books, Westerners did not understand why things were like this. But the Ming Dynasty was different. They liked to find lessons from history.

"Your Majesty, in the West, it is rumored that the prophet owns a temple of science. Today, I met Your Majesty and saw a corner of the temple and a ray of light. I wonder if I can enter the temple to study." Galileo had an almost crazy obsession with entering the Royal Academy of Sciences, especially after seeing some of the Academy's achievements with his own eyes.

"I'm afraid that won't work. The Imperial Academy of Sciences also requires an exam for everyone to enter. You need to pass the exam to enter. You need to learn Chinese well and be admitted to the Royal Institute of Technology before you can enter the Academy of Sciences." Zhu Yijun smiled and said, "I believe that with your intelligence, you will definitely pass the exam."

Zhu Yijun did not give more preferential treatment to the person in front of him just because he was the father of modern science. The Royal Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Technology were no longer in the era of wild growth. They already had clear rules and regulations. As the maker of the system and the biggest beneficiary of the system, Zhu Yijun would not break the rules.

However, with Galileo's talent, it would be no problem for him to be admitted to the Imperial Academy of Sciences.

Moreover, he did not study Chinese studies, did not recognize the culture of the Ming Dynasty, and went directly to the Academy of Gewu to study, and ran away after a few days. Didn't that cultivate outstanding talents for the West?
Even if Galileo passed the examination for the Doctor of Inquiry of Things, Zhu Yijun would be ready to hold a trial of Galileo at any time. If he wanted to leave, he would definitely not be allowed to leave.

Zhu Zaiyu once said that the way of investigating things and the infinite principles of all things have no national boundaries, because knowledge is always being spread actively or passively, but the doctor of the Five Classics and the Investigating Things must have national boundaries.

"The Ming Dynasty already had powerful five-masted ocean-going ships. In fact, no one could rival the five-masted ocean-going ships. So why did the Ming Dynasty still need to develop fast sailing ships?" Galileo raised another question he had during his journey. It seemed that fast sailing ships had no meaning at all.

Zhu Yijun pondered for a moment and said, "If we don't build fast sailing ships, how will the world know that our Ming Dynasty loves peace and wins over people with virtue? Before, when there were only five-masted ocean-going ships, there were still people who wanted to provoke the Ming Dynasty on this land and sea. After the fast sailing ships began armed patrols, this situation no longer occurred."

This is Zhu Yijun’s answer. The development of military force and armaments is for the peaceful and orderly development of the region. This is the responsibility of a major country that the Ming Dynasty should have.

Developing military force for the sake of peace may seem like nonsense, but the Ming Dynasty did so.

The moment Zhu Yijun finished meeting with the envoys and Li Yashi finished submitting the letter of credence, he once again became an interpreter of the Honglu Temple of the Ming Dynasty.

Galileo did not seem to gain any benefit from the meeting with the emperor, but he had actually gained some benefits. At least he could move freely in the Ming Dynasty and even pass the examination to become a doctor of the Ming Dynasty.

Galileo actually had no way out. He was expelled from the Vatican, and the Western Vatican did not allow him to engage in research in medicine and astronomy.

After Chen Chengyi, Legazpi and Galileo left, Zhu Yijun looked at Zhang Juzheng and said, "I have made up my mind about the Sishui Marquisate staying in Luzon. I would rather have another Yunnan than another Jiaozhi Thirteen Divisions. Wasn't it because of the Jiaozhi Thirteen Divisions that the sea was not opened after Yongle and Xuande?"

"I have overestimated the situation in Luzon. Your Majesty has thought it through carefully." Zhang Juzheng did not insist on his own opinion, but believed that the emperor's decision was more wise. The good development of Luzon did make him a little too optimistic, but Your Majesty, as always, was lenient in anticipating the enemy and always thought of the worst in everything.

"There has been a fallacy spreading in the Southern Court recently. Have you noticed it, sir?" Zhu Yijun asked Zhang Juzheng if he had paid attention to the recent trend in the Southern Court.

Zhang Juzheng thought for a moment and said, "Is it the miscellaneous newspaper "Wu Yan" that discusses how to continuously obtain cheap labor?"

"That's right." Zhu Yijun nodded and said, "Does Wang Ci Fu know?"

"I have read it." Wang Chonggu answered His Majesty's question but did not comment on the article.

"Although the article is exaggerated, it does have some truth to it." Zhu Yijun sighed, took the miscellaneous newspaper from Feng Bao, and passed it to everyone for circulation.

This magazine discusses a question: how workshop owners can continue to obtain cheap labor, and there are five ways in total.

First, keep the people in a state of poverty. Only when they are left with no other options will they be willing to accept the workshop life like cattle and horses. Second, bring in the barbarians. The most important thing for the barbarians is food. The barbarians who are willing to sell their souls for food are undoubtedly the best cattle and horses.

Third, set a higher threshold for education, so that the poor coolies can only compare prices among themselves, and fall into an endless contradiction of mutual harm among the lower classes; Fourth, reduce the official housing, canteens, school dormitories, and people-friendly pharmacies allocated by the government factories, so as to reduce the minimum security for the poor coolies, so that they will become more obedient;

Fifth, find ways to make the poor and coolies bear debt. The best way to kill a person's soul is to get into debt.

These five methods can ensure sufficient supply of cheap labor, so that the workshop will never lack labor and thus maintain its huge scale.

No craftsman is willing to let his children and grandchildren work like slaves for generations. These five methods can force people to work like slaves in workshops, maintain the Ming Dynasty's huge production scale, and maintain the continuous inflow of silver.

Logically, there seems to be no problem.

"Your Majesty, I have a simpler way. If you really want to do this, this one is too complicated." Wang Chonggu said calmly.

It is difficult to make most people in the Ming Dynasty live like human beings and make their lives better, but it is too easy to make them live in pain.

(End of this chapter)