I'm really not doing business

Chapter 846: Even if there are only three households in Chu, the Qin will be destroyed by Chu, and the remaining lineage will be the Han
Li Chengliang leaned back in his chair and looked at Cai Xianchen's confused expression with a smile. As a border general who was familiar with the theory of contradictions, he actually understood Cai Xianchen's confusion. All his confusion now was caused by lack of practical experience, not because he was bad, let alone stupid.

Li Chengliang also read the Mao Dun Theory, and he read the version with annotations by Your Majesty. After reading the Mao Dun Theory, Li Chengliang resolved a doubt in his heart.

Does the world exist based on morality or on material things?
This question is really important and has troubled Li Chengliang for a long time. The literati in the court told Li Chengliang that he should cultivate virtue and that if he cultivated virtue, everything would be ready. However, Li Chengliang was in the border area and could not understand it at all. What was the use of cultivating virtue?
If cultivating virtue had been useful, Pei Chengzu would not have died in the Jiannu sneak attack while defending against him in Mashi, Fushun.

In the eyes of many scholars who do not work, are lazy, and do not know the difference between grains, the world is moral. As long as there is morality, everything can be achieved, that is, the unity of knowledge and action and conscience. If the unity of knowledge and action is removed, only conscience is left, and conscience can achieve everything.
But in the eyes of most people in the Ming Dynasty, especially the poor laborers, the world is material. Lack of food and clothing will really kill you if you don’t have firewood. Without education, children will always be treated like slaves.

The answer given by the contradiction theory is that the world exists based on matter, not morality.

No matter what moral goals you want to achieve, everyone must respect the objective and infinite laws of all things that are not subject to human will.

The process of analyzing and utilizing the infinite principles of all things and the contradictions of all things to solve problems and achieve moral goals is the main content of the theory of contradiction.

Just as Your Majesty commented in the Theory of Contradiction: The origin of heaven and earth is matter, and the world exists in matter, not in virtue;

Even if one has the ambition of Yao and Shun, one must still observe the laws of nature, the dynamics of yin and yang, the alternation of cold and heat, which are the unchangeable laws of nature. Those who follow the way must first understand the tools, and those who cherish virtue must not be ignorant of things. This is the essence of contradiction, as clear as the sun and the moon passing through the sky.

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At this moment, Cai Xianchen was confused, doubtful, and puzzled because he had not yet fully understood the problem. The world exists on the basis of material things. The high morals, equality, and justice that he pursued were quite difficult to achieve and required material support.

"Your Majesty, Cai Xianchen is like most of the scholars in the Ming Dynasty now. Scholars in the past were not like this." Li Chengliang sat up straight and said to the emperor: "When I was in Liaodong, I met many scholars, including governors, inspectors, officials at all levels, and scholars who came to Liaodong to make a living."

"When you talk to scholars in the past, if you talk to them about justice, morality, righteousness, and kindness, their eyes will light up and they will talk endlessly, as if they are the embodiment of benevolence, righteousness, propriety, wisdom, and trustworthiness. As long as you listen to them, you can fully realize these morals."

"Whenever I ask, how should these virtues be achieved? I just want to know how to make the barbarians understand the words of the Ming people, that's all."

"But these scholars will hem and haw, talk about irrelevant things, and say strange things, saying that these are what everyone should do."

"In the minds of the old scholars, they read Confucius and felt that human nature is good, so people are born with lofty morals."

During his eventful life, Li Chengliang met many scholars of all kinds. Among them, two people left a deep impression on Li Chengliang. One was Xu Wei, who was once Li Rusong's teacher. Because Li Rusong was really slow to learn, the teacher-student relationship did not last long.
The second one is Hou Yuzhao. Hou Yuzhao also talked about lofty morals, but he cared more about how to realize these morals.

"Today's scholars are not like this. Scholars like Cai Xianchen look at problems from the perspective of reason rather than morality. As for whether human nature is good or evil, these scholars think there is both good and evil." Li Chengliang said with emotion.

Zhu Yijun smiled and said, "Now that Ningyuan Hou said that, it's true. The recent gatherings are quite interesting. At least they are not nonsense anymore."

Li Chengliang said quickly, "Of course, there are some bad guys among these scholars. I came here today to find a lowly scholar. His name is An Xifan. He was a juren in the 13th year of Wanli. He was known as the most talented scholar in the Southern Court. I don't know why he failed to pass the imperial examination in the 14th year of Wanli."

After reading the theory of contradiction, some scholars have a completely different view of the world, but there are still some scholars in the Ming Dynasty who are stubborn and refuse to change their minds.

Zhu Yijun felt familiar with the name. He thought about it carefully and said, "He failed the imperial examination, so I crossed him out. He is from a family of officials. The Xilin Garden built by his family at the southern foot of Jiaoshan is no less beautiful than my Tonghe Palace. The reason why I crossed him out is very simple. He is a disciple of Gu Xiancheng."

In the fifth year of Wanli, Zhu Yijun had not yet married, but he removed Gu Xiancheng from the position on the grounds that my virtue was cold and immature. When His Majesty asked about it, Zhang Juzheng was unable to stop it, because the position had already been removed when His Majesty asked about it. If he asked again after the removal, and Zhang Juzheng still objected, wouldn't that be an encroachment on the power of the emperor?

At the same time, Gu Xiancheng’s career was also crossed out. (Chapter 226)
An Xifan’s name was crossed out because he was implicated by Gu Xiancheng. Zhu Yijun was unable to deal with the common people because he knew very early on that the disaster of chaos and destruction would not arise from the barbarians, but from the common people (226).

If you can't handle the common people, can't you handle these scholars and officials? !

"What's wrong with An Xifan?" Zhu Yijun asked curiously.

Li Chengliang said confidently: "He said Yue Fei and Wen Tianxiang were just foolishly loyal. I cannot bear to hear such talk. I am going to have a debate with him. If I win, that would be great. If I lose, I will beat him up."

"he came."

It was the first time that Zhu Yijun met An Xifan, and from the first sight, Zhu Yijun disliked this man.

Because An Xifan powdered her hair and face to dress like a woman, some scholars and officials would use rouge and powder when attending poetry gatherings. This was not a problem. After all, it was reasonable to pay attention to one's public image when attending public occasions.

But it's really not pleasing to see someone wearing heavy makeup like An Xifan.

"Is he a juren? If you don't know, you would think he is preparing to go on stage to perform." Zhu Yijun frowned and said with some disgust.

Feng Bao almost couldn't hold back his laughter when he saw An Xifan's expression. Fortunately, he had received professional training and didn't laugh.

Cai Xianchen put forward a very extraordinary idea, which was to give twelve strings of cash to all the people every year. However, what Cai Xianchen wanted to discuss was still a social safety net mechanism. Although it was a bit too naive and unrealistic, it was still an idea after all. The performance of Cai Xianchen and the literati was still very good.

Cai Xianchen and other literati had managed to restore the image of the literati to some extent, but An Xifan severely damaged the image of the literati.

"Thank you all for your kindness. I am An Xifan, a student of Gu Xiancheng. I am from Wuxi, Nan Ya, and my home is in Beilin Garden." An Xifan raised his hand and saluted to all directions before sitting down.

With this smooth series of moves, An Xifan told everyone that he has a great background, including his teacher, hometown, and self-introduction.

Li Chengliang really disliked An Xifan's behavior, which awakened many very bad memories in him. His family had inherited the position of assistant commander of Tieling Guard since the Hongwu period, but in Li Chengliang's generation, due to poverty, he did not come to Beijing until he was forty years old to find connections and inherit the family position.

There are rules in the court that if you want to be an official, you must be recommended. Even hereditary military generals must be recommended by civil officials, otherwise they will not be given an official position. Gradually, this evolved into a rule that if you don't pay enough silver, no one will recommend you.

When Li Chengliang, 40 years old, came to Beijing to inherit his position, he had seen many scholars behaving like this and was mocked by them. He had fought all his life and was embarrassed by these scholars.

An Xifan looked around and continued, "Thirty years of fame and success are nothing but dust, eight thousand miles of journey are nothing but clouds and moon. Don't wait until your hair turns white and you feel sad for nothing. This is from "Man Jiang Hong", a song that has been sung for countless years. It makes people's blood boil and they are full of enthusiasm. It is heroic and fearless and loyal and unyielding. It has been praised for generations, but when I look at it again today, I can't help but ask, is it really like this?"

"I can't help but ask, in history, was Yue Fei's desperate northern expedition really beneficial to the Southern Song Dynasty?"

"Or for his own ambitions, regardless of the state of the country, he dragged the Southern Song Dynasty into the quagmire of war, unable to extricate himself. In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the country was weak and financially troubled, the people were in a state of panic, and the army was limited in combat power. On the other hand, the Jin Kingdom occupied the Central Plains, with strong soldiers and horses, and the power of destroying the country and the people's hearts were used. Was Yue Fei too eager to advocate a northern expedition at this time?"

When Zhu Yijun heard this, the corner of his mouth twitched. He looked at An Xifan in disbelief, then turned to look at Li Chengliang and said blankly, "General Li, he is accusing me of being too aggressive and aggressive. He sent troops to Korea to attack Japan because I was too ambitious."

As a scholar, Zhu Yijun only thought of this possibility, that is, he wrote such a story about Yue Fei in order to criticize the emperor and the court, otherwise it would be too outrageous.

It would be a huge joke if the emperor and minister Qin Hui and Zhao Gou had their verdict overturned because of the Wanli Reform and this was generally recognized!

"I don't know what he is thinking. Does Your Majesty still want to listen? If Your Majesty doesn't intend to listen, I will go down and beat him." Li Chengliang stood up, stretched his body, and said with a bad face.

"General Li, please do as you please." Zhu Yijun extended his hand to guide him. Does this despicable scholar have ulterior motives or really thinks so? Let Li Chengliang give him a good beating first.

"Who are you, bastard, to dare to speak nonsense like this in Taibai Tower in the capital!" Before Li Chengliang even walked out of the box, his shouting had already spread throughout Taibai Tower.

Zhu Yijun looked at Li Chengliang's burly back and was sure that this 62-year-old general still had the body of a 30-year-old. Li Chengliang could beat a hundred despicable Confucian scholars like An Xifan!

When Li Chengliang walked downstairs, a dozen Tielin soldiers appeared, walked to the entrance of Taibai Tower and closed the door directly. This closure of the door should have caused a commotion, but there was no exclamation, as the spectators seemed to have gotten used to it.

"Why do I feel that these spectators downstairs are here just to watch General Li beat people up?" Zhu Yijun looked at the reactions of the spectators and felt that the atmosphere was a bit weird. It was obvious that they came prepared. They had attended many gatherings and could see it at any time. It was a rare sight to see Li Chengliang beating up a lowly scholar.

Sometimes Feng Bao didn't know whether His Majesty was careless or not afraid. Li Chengliang took his men to close Taibai Tower. How dangerous it would be. What if the spectators in the audience just lifted up their clothes, took out weapons, and tried to assassinate the king? What should he do?
Of course, what Feng Bao worried about did not happen. The people sitting downstairs were indeed spectators, not assassins.

Zhu Yijun was not careless, but he trusted Zhao Mengyou's security capabilities. If something happened to the emperor in the capital, all his fifteen years of work as the commander of the imperial guards would have been in vain.

Li Chengliang went to the toilet several times a day, and Zhao Mengyou kept a close eye on him. Since Li Chengliang beat up the lowly scholar Zhao Nanxing last time, no scholars had visited Ningyuan Marquis's mansion, and His Majesty wanted to listen to the gatherings and talks. Zhao Mengyou had found out the details of these spectators very clearly.

You can't just pay money to attend the Jutan. It costs fifteen silver coins to be a spectator each time. But the silver is not the key, identity is the key. Taibai Tower will verify your identity, and you have to at least obtain the title of scholar before you can enter.

Things in this world always seem to be like this. No matter what you do, there are thresholds.

"Who are you?" An Xifan frowned and his legs trembled a little, because he had already guessed who the visitor was. Among the various legends of the capital, Li Chengliang played an important role.

"Remember this, my grandpa is Li Chengliang!" Li Chengliang took a few quick steps and punched out, directly hitting An Xifan in the face. An Xifan was unable to resist and fell straight to the ground.

"Wow!" A spectator in the audience, seeing this accurate and fierce punch, couldn't help but exclaimed: "Li Shuai is still as powerful as he was in the past!"

The spectators did come to see the lowly scholars get beaten, because Li Chengliang had a very regular way of beating the lowly scholars. There were even betting games in the capital, where people bet on which lowly scholar would be beaten by Li Chengliang, and the time and number of punches.

Li Chengliang ignored the clamor of the audience. He knew that the emperor was sitting in the top box and watching him. He kicked An Xifan, then picked An Xifan up and hit him on the head with his head.

"If you pretend to be dead, I will beat you to death. Open your eyes!" Li Chengliang said a little impatiently. An Xifan was still pretending to be dead.

An Xifan finally didn't dare to play dead anymore, he quickly opened his eyes and said, "Master Li, spare my life!"

"Hahaha!"

Bursts of laughter broke out in Taibai Building, and the atmosphere in Taibai Building was filled with joy.

Zhu Yijun shook his head. He didn't know what was wrong with these lowly Confucian scholars. They were just like the barbarians. They could only understand the way of speaking with fists. They couldn't speak properly without fists.

"I ask you questions and you answer them. If you dare to say anything nonsense, I will kill you! If you kill a juren, the most I can do is to strip me of my title." Li Chengliang showed a cruel smile, which scared An Xifan's heavily made-up face so much that it turned pale.

Seeing that fear had taken effect, Li Chengliang knew that An Xifan was already timid, so he spoke: "Let me ask you, did Grandpa Yue's Northern Expedition disregard the situation of the Southern Song Dynasty?" An Xifan was so scared that he trembled and hurriedly said: "No, no, Grandpa Yue's Northern Expedition was a time of favorable conditions and people's support! The Jin people were in disharmony and had many internal conflicts, but at that time, everyone was united and people's support was available. And it was because of Grandpa Yue's successful four Northern Expeditions that the Southern Song Dynasty was able to completely stabilize the situation!"

"Before Grandfather Yue established the festival, in the third year of Jianyan, the Jin army marched southward and broke through Hangzhou, which was in Lin'an, and searched the mountains and seas to capture Emperor Gaozong of Song. It was Grandfather Yue's repeated northern expeditions and repeated victories that dispelled the Jin army's ambition to march southward."

They searched the mountains and seas to capture Zhao Gou. At that time, Yue Fei had not yet become a military governor and was still an unknown junior. The capital of the Southern Song Dynasty, Lin'an, was captured by the Jin people. This was the situation in the early Southern Song Dynasty.

As An Xifan said, if Yue Fei had not won the four northern expeditions one after another, the situation of the Southern Song Dynasty would have been even worse as the Jin army repeatedly moved south.

"At that time, there was only one way to go, and that was to win the battle!" Seeing Li Chengliang's fierce expression, An Xifan quickly said, "The Jin people destroyed the Liao and Northern Song dynasties with unstoppable force. There was only one way to go, and we had to win!"

"How could the Jin people give the Southern Song Dynasty a chance to survive? They will kill you while you are sick. Even a scholar like me knows this. How could a general not know this?"

"Then is Grandpa Yue a vassal?" Li Chengliang's tone became a little calmer. It seemed that his emotions stabilized because of An Xifan's words.

Zhu Yijun frowned when he heard this. He felt something was wrong. He sensed murderous intent in Li Chengliang. Of course, this murderous intent was not directed at the emperor, but at An Xifan.

Li Chengliang wants to kill someone.

Killing intent is something invisible and intangible, even a little mysterious. In fact, it is just a feeling, probably like the look in your eyes that wants to kill someone, which cannot be hidden.

Li Chengliang seemed calm, but he really intended to beat An Xifan to death.

"Grandpa Li, you're joking, you're joking. Grandpa Yue is certainly not a vassal. The troops Grandpa Yue leads are the Shenwu Rear Army, the troops of the imperial court, and the generals are also appointed by the imperial court. If Grandpa Yue is a vassal..." When An Xifan said this, his eyes suddenly widened. He finally realized where the problem lay!

If Yue Fei was a vassal, then what was Li Chengliang?
"Go on." Li Chengliang's tone became calmer: "If you dare to talk nonsense, I will kill you. Say whatever you want."

"If Grandpa Yue is a feudal lord, then doesn't Han Shizhong have to be a local king?" An Xifan's body began to tremble. He realized that he would not be able to get away with a beating today.

Li Chengliang narrowed his eyes and asked, "Why did Grandpa Yue die instead of Han Shizhong? If they really wanted to kill the generals to negotiate peace, why did they kill Grandpa Yue?"

An Xifan swallowed and said tremblingly: "Because... because..."

"Speak!" Li Chengliang shouted sternly.

"Because Song Gaozong couldn't kill Han Shizhong at all! Song Gaozong couldn't even audit Han Shizhong's military accounts! If Song Gaozong wanted to move against Han Shizhong, it would probably trigger another rebellion similar to the Miao-Liu Mutiny." An Xifan said with an evasive look.

The Miao-Liu Rebellion occurred in the third year of Jianyan and was initiated by Miao Fu and Liu Zhengyan. Zhao Gou's only son, who was only three years old at the time, was frightened by the rebellion and died of illness soon after.

Li Chengliang continued to ask: "Why can't Han Shizhong be moved?"

"Because Han Shizhong is harboring the enemy and is bullying himself!" An Xifan was so frightened that he couldn't even control his reincarnation and wet his pants. He knew what Li Chengliang wanted to hear and kept avoiding speaking, but Li Chengliang kept pressing on. Finally, An Xifan was so frightened that he had to speak out.

Saying that Han Shizhong nurtured the enemy and gained power for himself is to insult Li Chengliang. This is the second necessary way for a military general to survive. The first way is to defile oneself, and the second way is to nurture the enemy and gain power for himself.

Yue Fei was able to take action because he did not know these two methods. Han Shizhong was well aware of this, but he was unable to take action. This is the irony left by history.

"Is Minister Wen loyal blindly?" Li Chengliang continued to ask without looking at the Tianzi box, but he knew that the emperor was watching him and heard everything.

The reason why Li Chengliang pressed on so hard was that he wanted to tell Your Majesty that he did not want to be Han Shizhong. He just wanted to eat, sleep, fight against cheap Confucian scholars, and watch his son continue to make achievements.

Your Majesty is 26 years old, and Li Chengliang is 62 years old. He is an old man. Your Majesty will definitely be able to outlive Li Chengliang and Li Rusong.

An Xifan shook his head like a rattle and said loudly, "No, Kublai Khan tried to persuade them to surrender six times, but all six times failed."

"Mr. Wen is like a nail that pierces through the bones, stuck in the middle of Hu Yuan's eyebrows! It is precisely because Mr. Wen's heroic spirit is still there that even though China is sinking, there are still people who want to overthrow the Yuan court!"

"Oh? Which six times?" Li Chengliang continued to ask.

An Xifan hurriedly said, "The first time was when the Southern Song Dynasty's Prime Minister Liu Mengyan surrendered. Kublai Khan did this to tell Prime Minister Wen that surrendering would bring him a life of wealth and glory. After Liu Mengyan surrendered to the Yuan court, he was reused and still held a high position."

"The second time was when Emperor Gong of Song, Zhao Xian, Kublai Khan thought that Wen Xianggong was aloof, so he brought up his old master and prepared to give Wen Xianggong a way out, but Wen Xianggong still refused to surrender."

"The third and fourth times were Ahama and Boluo. These two were Kublai Khan's prime ministers and counselors. They were good at speaking and arguing. Ahama believed that success makes the king, while Boluo believed that the destiny returns to the origin. The two argued with Wen Xianggong about the destiny."

"The fifth time, it was Wen Xianggong's family, his wife and daughter, who persuaded Wen Xianggong to surrender to the Yuan court, but Wen Xianggong refused."

"The sixth time, Kublai Khan personally tried to persuade him to surrender, but it still failed, so he had no choice but to execute Wen Xianggong."

"These six times were: high official position with generous salary, old master's great ethics, relying on force, destiny, family affection, and respect for the wise and humble. They took turns to fight, but in the end they still failed to persuade Wen Xianggong to surrender."

"If Wen Xianggong was really loyal, why did Kublai Khan drag his feet and kill so many people? He knew that this killing would cause great disaster, but he had tried to persuade people to surrender many times but failed. How could he convince the people if he didn't kill them?"

"Even if there are only three families in Chu who are defeated by Qin, Chu will prevail. If there is only one bloodline left who is loyal to Yuan, Han will prevail."

An Xifan explained what these six attempts to persuade China to surrender represented. Wen Tianxiang's six refusal to surrender eventually became a nightmare that Hu Yuan could never get rid of, because once Wen Tianxiang died, he became the greatest spiritual sustenance after the fall of China and a totem of never compromising.

"To overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, one must go to Han?" Li Chengliang asked with some doubt. In his opinion, it would be more complete to change the latter sentence to "The remnant of the Song Dynasty, to overthrow the Yuan Dynasty, one must go to Song."

An Xifan said with a gloomy look in his eyes: "After hearing about the tragic Battle of Yashan in prison, Wen Xianggong wrote a poem "Crying at Yashan" saying: Wu's advance and retreat are commonplace, while the Han family's survival or death is in a moment. In Wen Xianggong's eyes, what was lost was the Zhao Song Dynasty, and even more so the Han Dynasty."

Zhu Yijun stood up and looked at An Xifan. This man is very talented. Those who have wronged you know how wronged you are better than you do.

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Hong Chengchou, as a first-rank official of the Ming Dynasty, led his troops in the Battle of Songjin, but was defeated and captured. The Ming court received the news that "General Hong only asked for a quick death when he was about to be beheaded." Emperor Chongzhen issued an edict to praise his chastity and granted him nine altars to prepare for personal sacrifices and decided on his posthumous title.

Hong Chengchou eventually surrendered to the Qing Dynasty, and later went south to the south of the Yangtze River, pacified the provinces in the south of the Yangtze River, governed five provinces, and conquered the Southern Ming Dynasty.

"You know everything, why are you still talking nonsense? Who sent you here?" Li Chengliang began to use force. This greasy-haired guy in front of him knew everything! He understood everything!
An Xifan could even recite Wen Tianxiang's poems at will, but he just wanted to say that Yue Fei was a warlord and Wen Tianxiang was a loyal but ignorant person who did not know the current situation!

An Xifan said quickly, "In order to get beaten by Ningyuan Hou, Zhao Nanxing returned to the Southern Court after being beaten by the Marquis and was highly sought after. I saw that there was no hope for fame, so I borrowed the Marquis's hand to seek fame."

An Xifan's purpose was to deliberately make outrageous remarks to attract the attention of Ning Yuanhou, and use the hot topic of Ning Yuanhou beating people to increase his own wealth.

Li Chengliang was furious when he heard this. He grabbed An Xifan's hand hard, then released it, and then grabbed it again. Suddenly, he punched An Xifan in the face again.

"What a shame!" Li Chengliang really wanted to kill someone, but today happened to be the day when the emperor was present, and he couldn't kill anyone in front of the emperor.

The matter of Ningyuan Marquisate dying together with the country was not even within Li Chengliang's consideration. Children and grandchildren have their own blessings. His son Li Rusong was really a good fighter. If he really lost the marquisate, he could just ask the emperor to reward him back if he made meritorious deeds.

That's how you can do whatever you want when you can fight.

Killing people is a crime, but killing people in front of the emperor is a bit of an act of usurpation. After all, the death penalty must be reviewed three times, and in the Ming Dynasty, where criminal law was strictly managed, killing people in front of the emperor was a loss of face for His Majesty.

The power over life and death rests with Your Majesty.

Li Chengliang returned to the Tianzihao box and waited for His Majesty's decision.

Zhu Yijun did not deal with him directly, but instead had An Xifan locked up in the backyard, arranged for the Imperial Guards to guard him, and ordered people to open the Taibai Tower.

The emperor ordered the imperial guards to investigate what An Xifan was planning and whether there was someone behind him.

The imperial guards acted quickly, and by dusk, they had investigated the situation clearly. An Xifan was indeed from a family of officials. After making inquiries from various sources, he learned that he had been implicated by his mentor and could not pass the imperial examinations, so he planned to return to the Southern Court. He suddenly had an idea and decided to follow Zhao Nanxing's example.

"Exile Zhao Nanxing to Chonggu Castle, and exile An Xifan to Jinchi. They will never be used again, and they will never be allowed to return to the heartland of the Ming Dynasty." Zhu Yijun finally made a decision. Not only did he deal with An Xifan, he also imposed additional punishment on Zhao Nanxing.

If you can afford the cost of exile, just deliberately anger Ningyuan Hou.

If Zhu Yijun had not punished people for their words, this incident would have been turned into a literary inquisition like Qingfeng Luanfanshu.

The harm of literary inquisition is not how many scholars died, but the overall obstruction of the popularization of education.

For example, the Tatar Qing had a very unpopular but very common place of origin, called cold place of origin. Those who had not achieved fame or held an official position within three generations were listed as cold places of origin and were never allowed to take the imperial examinations.

There is a stele in Lingyun County, Sicheng Prefecture, Guangxi: According to the outdated rules of Lingyun County, students who take the examinations for children are divided into warm and cold classes. When fathers and brothers first send their children to school, the yamen officials often extort money from them by using the cold class as a stipend.

If there has been no official within three generations, there is no need to go to school, because if you go to school you will have to change your name and surname and live in a warm family, otherwise you will not be able to take the imperial examination.

This rule is one of the legacies of literary inquisition.

In addition, the widespread literary inquisition would lead to another terrible phenomenon: the closure of a large number of printing houses.

The craftsmen in these bookshops had no idea which books would violate taboos. If they were involved in any of them, their entire family would be wiped out, their bookshops would be closed, and there would be no books to use. If they wanted to read, they could only copy books.

(End of this chapter)