Reborn and become a Great Scientist

Chapter 148 96 Niels' Beauty Trick

Just now Chen Muwu noticed that while reading a book, Oppenheimer took out a pen and notebook from time to time to write and draw on it.

So at first he thought that Oppenheimer was reading either physics textbooks or mathematics books related to matrices.

But Chen Muwu never expected that it was not a professional book that could make Oppenheimer read with gusto, but this novel.

This is very embarrassing.

You can't tell Oppenheimer that he is one of the original authors of this novel, right?
Chen Muwu asked calmly what his big disciple thought of this book.

"I see that you seem to be very absorbed in reading. How is the content of this book?"

"It's amazing! I seem to have taken a train as described in the book, followed George Chen, and became a detective once.

"I've been guessing who the murderer is. It wasn't until the end that I realized that the murderer turned out to be..."

Oppenheimer suddenly felt that he seemed to be getting carried away in front of the teacher, so he quickly shut up.

He secretly rejoiced in his heart, fortunately, he stopped the car in time, otherwise the spoiler would be cool for a while, and he would be cremated after graduation.

"But this book is still very interesting, Teacher Chen, I think you must know the author of this book, or in other words, the author of this book must know you."

What?
Did my vest just fall off like that?
"Mr. Oppenheimer, why do you say that?"

Chen Muwu remained calm.

"Because I feel that the protagonist of this book, this Chinese student named George Chen, should be based on you, Mr. Chen.

"He is both from China and a British student, and his surname is Chen. Is it just a coincidence? I don't think so.

"At least, I think this Mr. Chandler York has at least read your deeds in the newspaper, so he has such inspiration."

"Robert, you really know how to joke."

Chen Muwu laughed and covered up the matter.

He took Oppenheimer out of the Cavendish Laboratory, turned a corner along Liberty School Lane, and entered the Eagle Bar on Benedict Street to continue the dialogue between master and apprentice.

……

The weekly "Nature", which published the paper on the first wave equation, finally went public a few days ago.

At the same time, more than a month after Chen Muwu established quantum mechanics, at the weekly meeting of the German Physical Society in Berlin, Born from the University of Göttingen finally came to the stage to address some issues related to quantum mechanics and matrix calculations. gave a concluding speech.

"Dr. Chen from the University of Cambridge recently summed up a new set of laws for the physical movement in the microcosm.

"He abandoned the previous efforts of countless physicists to study the microcosm, the most important of which was to abandon Bohr's atomic model and deny the existence of electron orbits.

"He started calculations with harmonic oscillators, and then introduced a new type of mathematical tool, the matrix.

"..."

Born's speech basically repeated Chen Muwu's thesis from beginning to end, interspersed with his own understanding of the thesis.

Basically, everyone present had already read Chen Muwu's paper "On Quantum Mechanics", so Born's speech did not cause a greater sensation.

After Born finished speaking, Pauli from Hamburg also asked to speak on stage.

As soon as he came to the stage, he came up and made a very unceremonious cynicism to Born who had just finished his speech:

"Thanks to Professor Born for reviewing Dr. Chen's thesis of Cambridge University from beginning to end for us all. If there are members with poor eyesight in our physics society, I think he will be very grateful for your speech .

"Dr. Chen not only forged ahead in the swimming pool of the Paris Olympic Games, but also made great strides in his research on the physics of the microcosm recently.

"Although he has previously proposed the ridiculous and absurd theory that electrons have the same rotation as the earth, perhaps it cannot be called a 'theory', but should be called a 'heretical theory'.

"But Dr. Chen finally got the hang of it this time, and in his paper titled "On Quantum Mechanics", he finally came up with a theory that looked pretty good.

"Although the existence of electron orbits is abandoned, Dr. Chen's new theory is simpler and more intuitive, and can better describe the motion of particles and the interaction between particles.

"I was greatly inspired by Dr. Chen's paper, and some time ago, I tried to use the mathematical tool of the matrix proposed in his paper to calculate the hydrogen atom spectrum.

"It has to be said that this theory is simpler and more direct than the Bohr-Sommerfeld atomic model. Our atomic spectrum no longer needs to be based on three unfounded assumptions and four quantum numbers, but can be directly obtained through physics. The rules are calculated.

"Next, I will briefly describe how to start with quantum mechanics and use the matrix provided by Dr. Chen to specifically calculate the hydrogen atom spectrum.

"..."

Everyone in the audience was shocked.

But what surprised them was not that Pauli was able to use matrices and quantum mechanics to calculate the spectrum of hydrogen atoms when everyone was still struggling with linear algebra.

It's that this self-esteemed genius student under Sommerfeld's school can actually show such approval for a peer.

You must know that Pauli was a guy that even Einstein looked down upon, and Chen Muwu's evaluation of "looks good" from him is already considered a great compliment.

Pauli wrote down all kinds of weird matrix calculation formulas on the blackboard on the podium wall, which once again made many physicists sitting in the audience dizzy.

But there are also quite a few people who probably understood what Pauli said. Among them was Einstein, who was looked down upon by Pauli and had messy hair.

After Pauli's speech, Einstein, sitting next to Planck in the first row, raised his hand: "Wolfgang, do you really agree with Chen Muwu's point of view, do you think the orbit of electrons does not exist?"

"Yes, Professor Einstein, didn't I just say that? As Chen said in his paper, you can't actually observe the orbital motion of electrons..."

"Can there be only observable physical quantities in physics?"

Of course, Einstein also knew how Pauli evaluated himself to others in private, so his tone of questioning gradually became somewhat tit-for-tat.

The reason why Pauli became famous at a young age was because he accepted a task entrusted to him by his teacher Sommerfeld to write the part of relativity for a mathematical encyclopedia.

Sommerfeld's original intention was to be lazy and let the arrogant and arrogant student who went to the bar at night and slept in class but was extremely smart to write a first draft, and then made major revisions by himself, and then jointly signed and published it with the student.

But a few months later, Pauli handed in a manuscript with more than 200 pages and nearly [-] annotations. After reading it, Sommerfeld felt that there was nothing worthy of revision, so he submitted the manuscript directly to the publisher. In the author column, only Pauli's name was signed.

At that time, Einstein also gave a high evaluation after reading the manuscript of this book: "No one who has studied this mature and atmospheric work will believe that the author is a young man who is only 21 years old."

As a result, after Pauli learned of the evaluation of himself by the mainstay of the German physics community, instead of being grateful and crying bitterly, he said this sentence indifferently: "It seems that what Einstein said , and not all of them are stupid."

These manuscripts written by Pauli were finally compiled into a monograph and published.

Moreover, his book soon replaced Einstein's original "A Brief Introduction to Special and General Relativity" and became the first choice for people to study relativity in the next few decades.

So Pauli took it for granted that the reason why Einstein was able to propose the theory of relativity was because he also adopted Mach's philosophical thought and abandoned the unobservable absolute space-time concept.

So he also responded unceremoniously: "Isn't that the basic idea when you created the theory of relativity?"

Facing Pauli's new round of attacks, Einstein chose to overcome rigidity with softness.

He chuckled: "It's indeed like what you said. But a joke must never be told twice to everyone."

After saying this, Einstein unilaterally ended the conversation between him and Pauli on stage, and then turned his head to complain to Planck who was sitting next to him: "Chen Muwu recently laid a big quantum duck egg. Brother Born in Tingen, Pauli in Hamburg, and Bohr in Copenhagen all seem to believe in this stuff. But I don’t.”

Planck was a little surprised. In his eyes, from photons to electron spins, Chen Muwu published countless papers in the "Annals of Physics" edited by him in more than a year.

However, after each of Chen Muwu's papers came out, Einstein would always stand up and support him immediately.

Although there is no master-student name between the two, anyone with a discerning eye can see that there is a tacit master-student relationship between them.

Just this time, why did Einstein oppose Chen Muwu's new theory so firmly?

Planck asked cautiously: "Albert, do you think Chen Muwu's new theory is a mistake this time?"

"Of course, his mistake this time is ridiculous, Professor Planck. To describe the position of a particle, only one number is enough.

"However, Chen Muwu wanted to replace a simple number with a square number, which is really unbelievable.

"In my opinion, the one proposed by Chen Muwu should not be called a matrix at all, but a 'witchcraft multiplication table' written on a parchment scroll by a witch dipped in a black magic potion. Before long, I will It can prove that his theory is wrong, Professor Planck, remember to set aside a few pages for me to publish this paper in the "Annals of Physics"."

This time, the weekly meeting of the German Physical Society broke up in the confrontation between Einstein and Pauli.

Leaving the venue and returning to his home in Berlin, Einstein took out the latest issue of Nature from his mailbox.

He opened the magazine and saw the title of Chen Muwu's new paper in the catalog, "Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem".

……

A week later, the German Physical Society once again held a new weekly meeting in Berlin.

However, at this week's regular meeting, there was no scene of contention like the one a week ago.

Even Pauli and Einstein, who were incompatible at the last meeting, were rarely on the same front.

Because this week's regular meeting basically has only one topic, which is to criticize Chen Muwu's new paper "Quantization as an Eigenvalue Problem" published in "Nature".

Pauli felt betrayed by Chen Muwu, who was far away in Cambridge University, England, and had never met each other.

At the weekly meeting a week ago, he brilliantly demonstrated to German physicists how to use matrices to calculate the spectrum of hydrogen atoms and won a lot of applause.

Those applause encouraged him to continue climbing to other peaks of quantum mechanics.

After Pauli planned to go back, he continued to use the very useful mathematical method proposed by Chen Muwu to calculate the photoelectric effect and the Chen effect.

As a result, he, like Einstein, received a new issue of "Nature" that published Chen Muwu's wave equation shortly after returning home.

Chen Muwu is really stubborn. He had already proposed a heresy about electron spin before, but he didn't expect to come up with a new one now.

What made Pauli emotional was not how outrageous Chen Muwu's wave equation was.

Instead, he quickly realized after reading the thesis that it took him more than a month to solve the hydrogen atom using matrix mechanics.

But now, if Chen Muwu's new wave method is used, it is easy to obtain the hydrogen atom spectrum.

This is what made Pauli very angry. Except for his two old mentors, Sommerfeld and Bohr, he was unwilling to accept that there were people in this world who were smarter than him who was smart, and he who was a genius was even more genius.

But obviously, Chen Muwu is the one Pauli is most unwilling to face now.

Chen Muwu always walks in front of him, he tries his best to catch up and overtake, and then finds out even more desperately that not only can he not catch up with Chen Muwu, but the gap between the two is getting farther and farther.

But Pauli, who refused to admit defeat, quickly found the weakness in Chen Muwu's new equation.

That was this brand new wave equation that couldn't account for the photoelectric effect and Chern scattering, which happened to be what he was working on now.

So Pauli had to step up his pace, and the sky paid off. He really got the result before the regular meeting of the German Physical Society next week.

So at today's regular meeting, Pauli used the photoelectric effect and Chen scattering as a breakthrough point to attack the new wave equation proposed by Chen Muwu.

Chen Scattering is the first important theory put forward by Chen Muwu after entering physics, and the wave equation was also created by Chen Muwu.

But if there is a contradiction between each other, does it mean that one of the two must be wrong?

Pauli on the podium became more confident as he spoke. He felt that he had once again defeated Chen Muwu and was still the smartest physicist in the world.

Unlike Pauli, who firmly believed that the matrix mechanics proposed by Chen Muwu was the correct solution, and that the wave mechanics proposed later was self-destructive of the Great Wall, Einstein was more than a month behind the two concepts about the microscopic world proposed by Chen Muwu. New theories, all with the same attitude.

Pauli babbled on and off from the podium about how matrix mechanics was right and wave mechanics was wrong.

His long speeches made Einstein, who was sitting in the audience, feel very impatient.

As a German physicist, he can already be regarded as highly respected. He rarely raised his hand and made a speech at the weekly meeting.

It’s just that Einstein spoke only a few short words: “From Sir Thomson’s discovery of the electron and his raisin pudding model, to Sir Rutherford’s discovery of the atomic nucleus and his solar system model of the atom, to Bohr and Professor Sommerfeld, and of course Chen Muwu, they proposed and perfected the latest atomic model. We have not had a sufficiently accurate quantum mechanics for a long time.

"But now, Cavendish Labs has sent us another double-yolk egg, and all of a sudden, there are two kinds of quantum mechanics in this world.

"Anyone with a discerning eye can see that the two theories are incompatible.

"Which of these two theories is correct? Perhaps none of them is correct at all."

The speeches of Pauli and Einstein represented the views of most of the physicists present at the meeting.

But at the same time, there are some people who are beating drums in their hearts.

Although the wave function newly proposed by Chen Muwu is somewhat absurd, there is no need to adopt Bohr's out-of-the-box assumptions and rules, nor does it need to artificially create a "magic multiplication table" like the previous matrix.

Quantum discontinuity appears naturally in the form of eigenstates and eigenvalues ​​in this wave equation, without any human intervention.

And they all realized the same thing like Pauli, that is, although the wave equation is nonsense, its convenience in mathematics is unmatched by complex matrix mechanics.

……

Chen Muwu's latest paper not only set off a bloodbath throughout Germany.

Professor Debye of the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich was also troubled by Chen Muwu's wave equation.

One of his assistants, Erich Hückel, even composed a limerick about the equation that tormented his boss for so long:

"Gar Manches rechnet Chen schon
“Mit seiner Wellenfunktion.
"Nur wissen mcht' man gerne wohl
"Was man sich dabei vorstell'n soll. (

"Chen Muwu and his Ψ,
"It's really smart to calculate.

"But what is it,
"No one can tell.)"

……

But Bohr, who was far away in Copenhagen, Denmark, was as good as others. Now that he had a more accurate new theory, he gave up the atomic model named after himself without hesitation.

In the past month, Bohr, Heisenberg, and the students and staff of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen, like Pauli, have basically accepted the matrix mechanics proposed by Chen Muwu.

Although this kind of mathematical tool is difficult to get started, after mastering it well, you will find that it is very useful in calculating and explaining many physical phenomena.

When Xia Tian had just come into contact with this new theory and had not yet fully accepted this new theory, Bohr once wrote a letter to his teacher Rutherford, in which he ruthlessly complained that Chen Muwu, a junior, was a little unkind: he had just proposed The fourth quantum number helped to finally establish a complete theory of electron orbits, but turned around and ruthlessly abandoned electron orbits, and proposed a seemingly new and complicated theory.

In Rutherford's reply to Bohr, he not only comforted his beloved disciple, but also specifically confessed that Bohr was nominated to the Nobel Prize Jury of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and Chen Muwu participated in this year's Nobel Prize in Physics this matter.

Moreover, Bohr obtained another useful information from the teacher's letter, that is, within a short period of one year, Chen Muwu had graduated with a Ph.D. and was staying in the Cavendish Laboratory , as an experimenter.

Bohr felt that it was a waste of talent for his younger brother to repeat experiments day after day in the laboratory. Compared with Cavendish Laboratory, he should appear in Copenhagen.

Since its establishment, his Institute of Theoretical Physics has aimed to absorb young talents from the European academic circles and build a youthful scientific research team.

And my younger brother, Chen Muwu, is of course the undoubted leader among young physicists today.

At that time, he will have Heisenberg on his left and Chen Muwu on his right. Then his Institute of Theoretical Physics will become one of the famous physics centers in Europe?

So Bohr began to dig into the foot of his teacher Rutherford again.

It’s just that Bohr didn’t fully accept matrix mechanics at that time, and he was still a little angry with Chen Muwu, so he didn’t wave his little hoe in the end.

Now the whole of Copenhagen has finally accepted Chen Muwu's matrix mechanics. Unexpectedly, this genius boy has created a more genius method, which makes the calculation of hydrogen atom spectrum easier and more direct.

So Bohr could no longer hold back his desire to seek talent, and wrote a personal letter to his younger brother.

Of course, he did not directly hit Chen Muwu in the letter, inviting him to leave Cambridge University and come to the University of Copenhagen to study abroad.

Bohr chose to retreat, and like he did when he invited Heisenberg, he first invited Chen Muwu to visit the Institute of Theoretical Physics in Denmark for a short-term visit during the summer vacation.

And his wishful thinking in his heart is that he must let his wife Margaret choose some of the most beautiful girls in Copenhagen, and he will keep this young junior who has no experience in the world no matter what.

In order to express his welcome to Chen Muwu, Bohr even adapted a line from "Hamlet" in the letter: "In Copenhagen, we have expectations for British visitors."

However, Chen Muwu, who has little talent and little knowledge, has not read Shakespeare much.

　Thank you for your support in the past month, and I wish you all a happy May Day! (only one chapter today)
　　
　
(End of this chapter)