Agricultural giant since 1983

Chapter 435 Diversification of Oil Plants

If you want to resist the attack of the four major grain merchants in the soybean war, you can only choose the road of oil diversification. There is no way. Who makes the domestic arable land unable to meet the consumption needs of ordinary people?The diversification of oil crops can be divided into two directions, the diversification of the import channels of oil crops and the diversification of the types of oil crops.

The first is the diversification of import channels. In the 80s, China could still export more than 100 million tons of soybeans every year, but in the 90s, it quickly changed from export to import. Last year, the net import of soybeans exceeded 300 million tons. It will also skyrocket to 1000 million tons. Since the country has not yet realized the threat in this regard, these soybeans are mainly imported from the United States, and the import channel is relatively single and easy to be manipulated.

In the future, after suffering many losses, China finally understood, and began to learn the practice of oil imports, importing soybeans from different countries, increasing the proportion of imports from Brazil, Argentina and other countries, and the amount of soybeans imported from Brazil has reached nearly 400 billion In addition, there are import channels such as Uruguay, Canada, Russia, and Benin. Although many soybean industries in these countries are still controlled by US seed companies, compared with the past, Security has been improved a lot.

In addition, the import of rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, palm oil and other vegetable oil products or raw materials has been increased to reduce the dependence on soybean oil, and the source countries of these oils are also different, among which sunflower oil mainly comes from Russia, Kazakhstan Tan, Ukraine, rapeseed oil from Russia, Canada, United Arab Emirates, palm oil from Indonesia, Malaysia and other Southeast Asian countries.

Oil sources are becoming more and more complex, so it is far less easy for the United States or the four major grain merchants to make a fuss about this than it was during the soybean war.

At the same time, many measures have been taken in China, such as independent research and development of high-yield soybeans, and the development of diversified planting of oil crops. It is not only soybeans that can extract oil, but also rapeseeds, peanuts, sesame, walnuts, sunflower seeds, linseeds, Camellia oleifera seeds, walnuts, peonies for oil, etc. can make full use of fallow fields, saline-alkali land, sandy wasteland, and land suitable for forests, etc., to expand the diversified planting of oil crops and increase the self-sufficiency rate of oil crops.

However, compared with soybeans, these oil crops still have shortcomings, because soybeans can not only extract oil, but the soybean meal left after oil extraction is also an important source of feed for the farming industry. Soybeans can provide two products: soybean oil and animal feed, while those mentioned above Oil crops are mainly used to extract oil, and there is no way to make up for the gap of soybean meal.

China will import a large amount of grain every year in the future. In fact, not much is actually used for food. Most of it is used as raw materials for oil extraction and animal feed. A small amount of grain is also imported to meet the different needs of consumers, which is not too big. Influence.

What Li Lei is going to try to grow in TMSK this time is a special oil crop that can perform both functions of oil extraction and animal feed—the oily bean. This crop is also known as tiger nuts, and its origin is Africa and the Mediterranean. In the coastal countries, people have planted it in Egypt thousands of years ago, and this crop has been found many times in the pyramids.

This variety has strong adaptability and high yield. Generally, the yield per mu is 1000kg of fresh beans, 500kg of dried beans, and more than 3000kg of fresh grass. Comparable, the oil yield per mu is about 20 kilograms, which is 30 times that of soybeans and 100 times that of rapeseed. The soybean meal left over from oil extraction can also be used as feed.

The stems and leaves of oil sedge are rich in nutrients and have high utilization value. Whether it is fresh grass or hay just picked, they are all excellent forages and feeds, which can be eaten by cattle, sheep, fish, rabbits and other animals. Overall, the economic benefits very high.

What's more rare is that the origin of the oily sand bean is the arid desert area, and it has formed a tenacious vitality in the long-term natural selection. It can not only survive in this sandy land, but also improve the soil structure of the sandy land, and it basically does not occur. Pests and diseases, no need to spray pesticides.

The history of planting this thing in China is also continuous. In the 50s, seeds were introduced from the former Soviet Union and Bulgaria, and gradually spread throughout the country; It can grow in saline-alkali land, hills, hillsides, and forests. At present, it is planted in more than 20 provinces and cities such as Hebei, Henan, XJ, Inner Mongolia, Shandong, Yunnan, and Shaanxi.

However, because the planned economic system could not solve the market problem of oily bean, the large area of ​​oily bean planted in XJ and Gansu could not be sold at that time, and the planting was greatly reduced; after the reform and opening up, due to the backward planting technology, the per mu of oily bean The output is extremely low, and large-scale mechanized harvesting cannot be realized, which makes the planting cost high and the income low, which once seriously hindered the popularization and planting of oily bean.

Now, the problem of yield has been solved, and mechanized harvesting is also sometimes used. The R&D personnel of the wind factory refer to the potato mechanized harvesting technology, and on this basis, they have developed a machine that can dig and harvest oily beans. As for planting, it is even simpler. According to the experiment, 200 mu of oily sand beans can be sown in one day, and the harvesting time is not much longer than this, so the problem of mechanized farming can also be solved.

There is no need to worry about sales, Huinong can digest it by himself. Luhua’s branch factory in XJ has started the research on the oil extraction of Yousha bean and has realized industrial production. The next step is to promote marketing and let consumers accept the oil. The oil extracted from the sedge is gone. As for the oil sedge, a farm can be built nearby to digest these high-quality feeds nearby, and it can also generate more economic benefits.

"Oh, you guys are planning to plant walnuts! Planting this thing for a while can indeed improve the land, but it takes a long time. According to me, it's better to rent a few more pieces of land!" The leaders of the Corps also know this kind of land. The crop, after hearing Li Lei's introduction, immediately remembered its other name, but due to their own cognition, they did not realize the economic value of this crop.

"There are more benefits to the oily beans. You will know when you harvest them!" Li Lei didn't explain too much. There are no actual cases, and some people don't believe the hype.

In the future, TMSK City will be the main planting area of ​​Chinese bean, so many sandy lands have been improved. Now that there are so many sandy lands in China, if we can plant all the places suitable for planting bean, it will not only delay the process of desertification, but also gain More land suitable for cultivation can also increase the income of local people and obtain more oil crops. What is even more commendable is that, like the saline-alkali-resistant soybeans cultivated by Lin Weimin, they do not need to occupy the existing cultivated land. Large-scale planting does not affect the safety of staple food.

"How many sandy lands like this do our division have? I want them all, and use them to grow oily beans. If other divisions have similar lands, I can contract them too!" Li Lei said to the leaders, when the planting area is enough Most of the time, it is possible to build a special factory to extract oil from the oily soybeans, and the squeezed oil is sold, and the remaining oily soybean meal and hay are sent to the farm to feed the cattle.

This is the benefit of a large agricultural group, which can carry out comprehensive development of crops. If ordinary farmers, I am afraid they can only sell oily beans to oil mills, and the remaining hay can at most raise a few cows by themselves. It's a waste, they can't raise so many cattle, and it's not realistic to sell them to farms, because if the grass is transported a little longer, it will lose money.

"If you grow oily beans in this area, what are those good places to grow?" The leaders continued to ask, this is not to stipulate what Li Lei should grow, but just out of curiosity.

"One part is used to grow rapeseed, and the other part is used to grow sunflowers! We have an oil mill and a food factory in XJ, and we can use these raw materials to produce rapeseed oil and sunflower oil!" XJ is also a major planting province of rapeseed and sunflower seeds , very suitable for the cultivation of these two crops.

"And then we can open a melon seed factory." Panpan melon seeds are already well-known now. If they continue to develop like this, I am afraid that there will be no such thing as Chacha and Golden Pigeon in the future. Panpan melon seeds will definitely become the number one in the domestic melon seeds industry. a brand.

"We asked Mr. Li Denghai to breed a corn with a shorter growth cycle specifically for XJ's situation, so that corn can be replanted immediately after the winter rapeseed is harvested, and a piece of land can be harvested twice a year! In this way, the effect of increasing economic benefits is achieved!" Rapeseed is sown in autumn and harvested in May of the following year. There will be a few months of idle time after receiving the goods. It would be too wasteful to plant nothing.

Therefore, many agricultural experts are studying rapeseed crop rotation technology and want to make use of these months. Experts from various places have developed rapeseed + rice, rapeseed + potato, rapeseed + corn, and rapeseed + Sweet potato, rape + soybean and other crop rotation techniques, and the researchers of Huinong have carefully analyzed that the climate, water and soil here are very suitable for the crop rotation model of rape + corn.

There are several advantages to doing so. First of all, corn can also be used as feed and oil extraction. Luhua’s corn germ oil extraction technology is now relatively mature, and its Changshouhua corn germ oil has also been recognized and loved by consumers. If it can be produced, there is no need to worry about sales; secondly, even if the corn does not mature as expected, it can be harvested in advance and processed into silage corn and sold to the ranch in Wanda Mountain, so it doesn’t matter whether the corn can be planted before the rapeseed season arrives Mature, can get good economic benefits.

In the future, the promotion of rapeseed rotation technology will be relatively strong throughout the country. China's rapeseed production can increase from more than 90 million tons in the early 600s to more than 600 million tons in the future. This technology will play a big role.

Sunflower seeds are divided into two categories, edible sunflower seeds and oil-use sunflower seeds. Now Huinong has to buy seeds from abroad. There is no way that domestic research in this field started late and the investment is not high. The existing domestic seed production It is not high and easy to get sick, so it can only be imported from foreign countries.

Fortunately, Huinong is rich and has a deep accumulation in the field of breeding research. Now he has established a special research team to cultivate his own rapeseed, sunflower, and oil sedge seeds, and strives to replace imported seeds with domestic seeds as soon as possible. Thanks to Huinong has accumulated advanced experience in breeding research for a long time. The computer, gene labeling and other technologies used in the breeding of wheat, soybean, and corn can be directly used in the breeding of rapeseed, sunflower, and oilseed bean with a little modification. Come on, this has helped experts in the above fields save a lot of time. Now that the research work has made some progress, it may soon be effective.

And there is another advantage of sunflowers, that is, do not choose the land, except for low-lying, waterlogged and poorly drained waterlogged land that cannot be planted, it can be grown from light sandy soil to heavy clay soil, from acidic to saline-alkali land. Planting, sandy land with poor fertility, paying attention to fertilization can also grow well and obtain higher yields; therefore, some poor land that is not suitable for planting other crops can be used to plant sunflowers.

It’s just that no matter whether it is sunflower or rapeseed, they can only be used as a supplement to soybeans, and there is no way to replace soybeans. As for oily beans, this is just a free move by Li Lei, and the effect is better. , It’s not a pity that it doesn’t work, anyway, even if it’s used as a raw material for feed, it won’t lose money.

If we want to solve the fundamental problem, we still have to rely on soybeans, so Li Lei went to Kazakhstan as the next stop after leaving XJ. In addition to saline-alkali land, there is no more land for soybean cultivation in China, but Kazakhstan still has , this is the No.15 country in the world in terms of arable land area, and the country has only a population of more than 1000 million, so it is completely possible to export crops on a large scale.

He had already listened to what Li Lei told Nazarbayev last time, and he agreed with Li Lei to contract more land in Kazakhstan to grow soybeans. Li Lei also reciprocated by letting Lu Hua build a factory in Kazakhstan. Specializing in the production of soybean oil can not only provide jobs for Kazakhstan, but also allow them to obtain more profits. After all, the money earned from exporting soybeans and exporting soybean oil is definitely different.

Li Lei is now an old friend of the Nazarbayev family, so he met the president not long after arriving in Kazakhstan. At the dinner table, Li Lei proposed a new cooperation. He wanted to contract the saline-alkali land in Kazakhstan. Although Kazakhstan has a large area, there are not many good lands. Most of the Ural River Basin is muddy swamps. The east is the huge Tianshan Mountains, and there are plateaus everywhere. The climate in the north is very cold and the water source is relatively scarce. Barren desert and saline-alkali land, these lands are considered impossible to cultivate by Kazakhs, but Li Lei has such good things as saline-alkali-resistant soybeans.

This time, Nazarbayev's promise was not so straightforward, because although the Caspian Sea lowlands could not grow crops, they might be rich in oil resources. He had every reason to suspect that Li Lei was eyeing oil.

　I haven't thought of anything new yet.

　　
　
(End of this chapter)