industrial lord

Chapter 175 Layout Academic
Hunting is a free activity from the second day onwards. Everyone is no longer a family unit, but a team with relatives and friends.

At this time, there are no outsiders around, which is very suitable for secret talks. I don’t know how many exchanges of interests and intrigues have been formed in the leafless forest.

Frederick wanted to go hunting with Maria, but the little girl became the proprietress and started a hot air balloon business.

It took 5 minutes to lift off and charged 10 florins. The number was queued for several days after the hunting, and Liebherr and the others were too busy to touch the ground.

Frederick felt that it didn't matter, as long as Maria was happy.

On the third day, an unexpected person invited him to go hunting with him.

Hunting was fake, the two found a grassland by the stream, let people barbecue some meat casually, lay leisurely on a deck chair, and talked about business.

"You have ended an era." Becher sighed deeply, his face was a bit sad, his eyes were not much worse than dead fish, and he couldn't see the pride and confidence that a Dharma God should have.

"I did an experiment." He said calmly, "I filled an airtight and insulated tank with water, and there was a partition inside the tank, and then activated the vortex technique inside, and then used the tornado technique."

"The water rubs against the jar, the partition, and in the absence of phlogiston, without the element of fire, the temperature of the water rises."

"The phlogiston theory is over, and the research of countless people for hundreds of years has come to naught."

"I gave the paper to "Magic" magazine and asked them to publish it in December this year. Let the old era end this year."

Frederick's expression didn't change, and it all started when he wrote "The Three Natures of Force, the Energy of Objects' Motion, and the Conjecture of Why We Stand on the Earth".

He was not in touch with the frontiers of academics at the time, and he didn’t know that he was still talking about phlogiston at that time. In “Energy of Motion of Objects”, he naturally included a bunch of energy conversion experiments in textbooks, including experiments on the conversion of mechanical energy into internal energy.

These experiments are fun for ordinary people, but in the eyes of Becher and other scholars who study the phlogiston theory, they are like lightning from dark clouds.

The phlogiston theory originated from the theory of the elements of all things. Scholars believe that everything in the world is composed of magic elements, and the essence of combustion is the release of fire elements.

In the development of alchemy, it was first discovered that there were no traces of magic elements in some chemical reactions and decomposition reactions, and objects without magic elements could also burn. At this time, the phlogiston existing in the objects replaced the fire element.

Becher and others believe that complex objects turn into simple ashes after burning, indicating that phlogiston acts like nails and glue to bind simple substances into complex substances. When burning, phlogiston detaches, and complex substances fall apart. The weight lost by ashes relative to the substance before burning is the weight of phlogiston.

Then why the object will be ignited and burned, their explanation is that the phlogiston contained in an object has an upper limit, and when the phlogiston exceeds the critical value, it will cause a chain reaction of phlogiston detachment.

Igniting another object with an object proves that a large amount of phlogiston detached from one object enters the adjacent object, and the excessive phlogiston in the adjacent object exceeds the critical value to cause combustion.

Sometimes when some objects burn, the flames can't ignite some objects, but can only be heated. Their explanation is that the temperature is the embodiment of the amount of phlogiston.The more phlogiston, the higher the temperature. The temperature at which an object can carry the most phlogiston without burning is the ignition point of the object.

If the phlogiston used as the binder of the object is less than a certain degree, the object will be compressed into a ball to form a solid, and if it is less than a certain degree, the object will be damaged, such as the ashing of tin at low temperature and the coldness and brittleness of steel.

Some substances have a special combination form with phlogiston, and when they accumulate to a certain level, they will loosen to form steam instead of breaking away and burning, which explains the change between water, ice and water vapor.

It is precisely because water and phlogiston have such characteristics that it can inhibit the chain reaction of phlogiston leaving, that is, it can extinguish fire.

Becher seemed a little reconciled, and popularized the phlogiston theory to Frederick from beginning to end. Frederick did not expect that this theory seemed complete and could explain many things.

"I didn't expect that." Becher took another breath, "Frictional heat generation has always been regarded as a dark cloud in the sky of phlogiston theory, and in the end it was its lightning that shattered everything."

After finishing speaking, he picked up the glass and swallowed the happy water in it like wine.

Frederick refilled the bottle for Becher, and said, "My teacher often said that eating ten slices of bread is enough, but it doesn't mean that you will be full after eating the tenth slice, and you don't need to eat the first nine slices."

"The same is true on the way to explore the truth. We see further and stand on the shoulders of our predecessors."

He did not expect that Becher would later add these words to the paper admitting the failure of the phlogiston theory, and continued: "There is an alchemy experiment, I just imagined it, but I haven't done it yet. If there is really no phlogiston, then its result will be Match expectations."

Becher turned his head and waited earnestly for the next sentence.

Frederick asked him, "Have you heard of the soul weight experiment?"

Becher nodded. This is a very famous experiment in history. It is impossible for ordinary people to do it, but the result is very important.

Many years ago, when there was still debate about the weight of the soul, a tyrant made ten huge scales. He stuffed living people, charcoal and lime to prevent corpses from decomposing into a large box, sealed it with lead, and hung it on one end. One end is a counterweight.

Among these people are treacherous and evil people, as well as priests with high moral character. According to the theory at that time, the weight of their souls is different.

As a result, the balance did not change after two months. The tyrant asked someone to open the small hole on the box to let the soul out, but the balance still did not change.

Frederick mentioned this, of course, not to experiment with living people, but to talk about an experiment done by a puzzled scientist in his hometown.

"Prepare a glass cover and saucer." He drew a schematic diagram in the air with the light element, "Put phosphorus in it, use a magnifying glass to focus sunlight and ignite it, and measure its weight change before and after burning."

"Such an experiment could be done with other substances, such as something flammable."

"Regarding combustion, I have done several experiments before."

"Put a wooden board in the water basin, with burning candles on the wooden board, and put it upside down in the water with a transparent glass cover. After a while, the candle will be extinguished before it burns out, and the water level in the glass cover is higher than that of the water basin outside. I guess it’s because some components in the air are involved in combustion and consumed.”

"There is also charcoal, which also consumes air after burning in it, and the burning of charcoal and candles also produces a gas that can make limestone cloudy."

"Put the mouse in the airtight glass enclosure too, and it eventually suffocates, with the gas in the air that makes the limewater cloudy."

"These white turbid substances can be decomposed into the same gas after being heated. The decomposed substance will generate heat when it meets water, and then this white substance will be produced when it encounters this gas. What do you think of?"

Becher immediately replied: "Limestone, like limestone."

Frederick nodded and said, "That's right, I speculate that the main components in limestone and the conversion between quicklime and slaked lime are related to heating, heat release, and this gas."

"In alchemy, the vacancy of phlogiston can be filled by 'temperature'. Why some reactions require heating and some exothermic, this is a new research direction."

Becher listened to him quietly, and then nodded politely. He didn't accept the so-called new theory like an empty-headed person, but thought about how to repeat these experiments.

Frederick saw that his originally dull eyes gradually became brighter, and he began to think again.

"I have an idea." The corners of Frederick's mouth twitched slightly, "I want the University of Wessenburg to take the lead, and I will pay for it to invite famous experts and scholars in a certain field to the city of Wessenburg every two to three years. Hold a seminar to conduct face-to-face exchanges on cutting-edge explorations and academic debates in this field."

"For example, this time, after the end of the phlogiston theory, you need a new direction for development. Instead of scratching your head at home, you should sit down and study it carefully. Maybe you will gain something new."

Becher turned his head and glanced at him, and replied: "If this is the case, there will be at least four Dharma gods present."

A bright smile appeared on Frederick's face, that's what he wanted.

However, Becher continued: "Just because you and I have a good talk, it doesn't mean that other people can talk to you too. Have you ever thought about what should you do if you screwed up everyone and they want to beat you up?"

The corner of Frederick's mouth twitched. If there are so many top figures wanting to beat him up, his master would probably have to persuade him. Psyche would at most help quarrel, and Maria might sell tickets.

"This..." Frederick paused for a moment, "Let's first agree that we want literary combat and not violent combat."

Becher didn't answer, but thought about it there, and said after drinking a glass of happy water: "This is indeed a bit attractive, I will write to ask everyone first, and I will let you know if there is any feedback."

Frederick nodded, and then said: "Actually, I have another idea, to set up a jury, regardless of country, region, or belief, to regularly select people who have made great contributions to all mankind in several major fields, um , mainly to reveal the theoretical work of the principle, and the prize money for an award may be 5 kilograms of gold."

"How much?" Becher buttoned his ears, "Can you tell me again how much is the bonus?"

Frederick replied seriously: "5 kilograms of gold, of which 1 kilogram is a medal and 4 kilograms are gold coins."

Becher was silent. The annual salary he received from the royal family was converted into 250 grams of gold more than this bonus.

He suddenly became serious and said, "If you don't want this to turn into a farce in the end, then you need to have strict standards and judges."

Frederick nodded and said, "Yes, so I want to use various seminars as an opportunity to communicate with scholars on this matter."

Becher thought for a long time, and finally felt feasible.

(End of this chapter)