industrial lord

Chapter 80 How to Boil Water

It was time to boil the water. Frederick had been busy in the study for an unknown amount of time, and found that there were many pre-tasks that had not been resolved.

First of all, to boil water, you must confirm the steam pressure. Is the pressure gauge out?
Fortunately, he was familiar with pressure gauges in his previous life, so he drew a schematic diagram of a Bourdon tube pressure gauge and handed it to Ogilvy to solve it.

However, the suffering has just begun.

Frederick chose a steam engine of 20 to 30 horsepower as the target, with a median value of 25 horsepower, because the current power of the magic reciprocating machine is 5 to 10 horsepower, and it is necessary to stagger its ecological niche with a greater power.

Practice has shown that the power of most current machines is enough, and higher power machines require higher speeds, which will make heat dissipation more difficult, the more energy spent on cooling will be, and the overall efficiency will be lower. lower.

So Frederick decided that the magic reciprocating machine should be developed in the low power area, and the power of the steam engine should be higher.

Once the output power is determined, the calculations begin next.

The theoretical output power formula can be obtained from the steam engine structure and physical knowledge:
P=2×N×L×(πD/4)×P/(75×60)
式中
P - output power horsepower

N - steam engine revolutions/min

L——piston stroke meter
D——piston diameter in centimeters

P——vapor pressure kg/cm
It is not difficult to see from the formula that if the physical strength of the steam engine is to be reduced, the steam pressure must be increased.

The diameter and stroke of the piston are determined by relying on "I Xun Si", and then the rotational speed needs to be determined. The piston linear velocity V of the "I Xun Si" single-cylinder steam engine is 2 to 3 m/s, and the formula can be obtained:

N=60V/2L RPM/min

Next, the steam pressure of the boiler can be calculated, which is higher than the working pressure of the steam engine.

Then Frederick's head was about to explode. He had never been in contact with steam boiler design, and he only had a general understanding of the structure of the boiler. He had never heard of the flow velocity method and pressure drop method used in the selection of steam pipelines.

He can only continue to activate "My Power of Thinking", first make it and then talk about it, and then slowly change it.

For the energy of the boiler, Frederick chose to use magical energy without hesitation, which was a conclusion he had come to after thinking for a long time.

Coal mining is still very backward these days, and the smelter has already eaten up all of Wesson's imports, and there may not be so much coal for boiling water.

Using the magic crystal is different. Its biggest advantage is that it can use the magic elements in nature to recharge itself, no exhaust emissions, green and pollution-free.

The heating magic circle can be completely placed in water, and the heat emitted is completely absorbed by the surrounding water. Unlike coal burning, there is still a lot of heat in the flue gas that has not been utilized.

At the same time, there is another advantage of using magic energy, which is easy to control the fire.

The magic circuit of the heating magic circle can be connected with the pressure gauge and water level gauge, so that the fire can be turned on when the pressure is not enough, the fire can be turned off when the pressure is too high, the pressure is normal and the pressure is normal, and the water is not enough to automatically close the gate to avoid drying out.

Then Frederick encountered another problem. The steam valve and water valve had to be started from scratch.

The arrow is on the string, he can't care so much anymore, he no longer strives for excellence, and by the way, "I thought about" the thread rolling machine, thread rolling machine and tapping machine for making screws and nuts. The diameter of the screw, the height of the original triangle and the pitch of the screw are used in the previous life. Copy it over, let's do destructive experiments for the ultimate performance.

Fortunately, he had done installation work for a period of time and was familiar with these.

With these machines, it should be no problem to make stop valves, and it is not difficult to make other valves.

In order for the steam engine not to turn into a self-exploding truck, the boiler and cylinder need to be strong enough, so the walls must be thick enough, but not waste material.

This requires a large number of experiments to obtain data, and then combine material mechanics to deduce relevant formulas.
Otherwise, without theoretical guidance, the only way to produce a steam engine with a higher power is to "think about it" again.

It took Frederick countless days and nights to calculate and finally determine the various data.

The cylinder diameter of this magical steam engine is 140 mm, the piston stroke is 230 mm, and the speed is 300 rpm. Considering various energy losses, it is estimated that steam exceeding 25 atmospheres is required to achieve 10 horsepower.

At this time, the glass craftsmen hired by Archbishop Victor arrived. Frederick spent a day picking a leader from among the craftsmen to preside over the construction of the glass workshop. Components and identified manufacturing processes.

The boiler is mainly made of steel plates, and the welding is simple. I grabbed a fire magic from Wessenburg University and slipped over to work.

The hemispherical parts at both ends are forged with steel plates in the mold. The two ends of the boiler need to be opened frequently for maintenance, and the flanges are easily clicked out, and lead is used as a sealing ring.

After the main body of the cylinder is cast, it is properly forged on the upper mold to remove defects such as air holes, and then the external shape is processed by a lathe and the inner bore is finished by a boring machine.

The piston is directly cast, and then the shape, inner screw hole and groove for installing the sealing ring are machined with a lathe, and the diameter is 1 mm smaller than that of the cylinder.

The sealing ring is easy to process, but it has high requirements on the material performance. It should not be too hard to damage the cylinder, and the elasticity should not be too large or too small. This is left to professionals.

The piston and the piston rod are connected through the thread of the piston inner hole and the thread at one end of the rod, clamped with nuts on both sides, poured lead seals and fixed the nuts to prevent loosening.

The slide valve controls the steam supply and exhaust in the cylinder, and moves back and forth through the control of the connecting rod, so that the steam enters the two sides of the piston in the cylinder respectively to push the piston to reciprocate, and the exhaust gas is discharged through the open channel.

This part needs to reciprocate for a long time, and has requirements for sealing, so it is difficult to replace it frequently, so the contact surface is made of copper.

The two ends of the cylinder are connected with the lead sealing ring by the flange and the same as the boiler, but the piston rod passes through at one end, so it is necessary to install a stuffing box to ensure that the steam does not leak when the piston rod moves.

There were not many choices for fillers. He called BASF and asked for a long time, and finally chose a high-temperature and wear-resistant slime soft rubber sleeve iron ring solution with additives.

The rest is simple, the components such as the crosshead, main connecting rod, flywheel and crankshaft used on the magic reciprocating machine can be directly used on the steam engine.

After the main components have been designed, the next step is the design of piping and various accessories.

The first is to control the steam valve that the boiler supplies to the steam engine. He designed a shut-off valve in the steam drum that is controlled by a magic muscle. When it is not working, it is like a finger blocking the pipe. no.

Then there is the top safety valve, which has the same principle as the exhaust valve of the pressure cooker. It usually blocks the pipe under the action of gravity, and it is pushed open to exhaust when the pressure reaches danger.

There is also a safety valve on the side. Below the lowest water level, it is blocked with lead. The magic circuit that heats the magic circle passes there. When the water is lower than it and the boiler continues to heat the lead, it will melt, discharge steam and cut off the magic circuit.

The wheels are also indispensable, otherwise no one can lift such a big thing.

Finally, these things are integrated, the boiler is placed horizontally below, the steam engine is installed on top of it, and a chimney for shooting water vapor is added, and a magic pot camel machine is born.

At this time, Frederick couldn't help thinking, since this guy has wheels, why didn't he just connect the wheels directly to the flywheel, add a steering gear to the front wheel, and a cab at the back, and a tractor would be completed.

(End of this chapter)