The Great Industrial Ming Dynasty Started from Beiping

Chapter 645 Zi Buyu will be punished by heaven for his strange power and chaos.

The Ministry of Rites, Honglu Temple, Seikan, and the Tsukushi City Office on Tsukushi Island started discussions.

"Kyushu Island was originally Zhuzi Island. During the former Wei Dynasty, the two major forces on this island, the Gounu Kingdom and the Yamatai Kingdom, had been in conflict for a long time. The king of the Yamatai Kingdom even asked for support from the Cao Wei Dynasty."

Temporary meeting space was provided by the Food Stamp Bank's headquarters building.

The Ming Dynasty adhered to the tradition, and private building construction took off. Only the yamen venues did not have much repairs. Generally speaking, they maintained their original appearance. Facing the needs of various large-scale meetings, the traditional yamen venues could not meet the needs and could only be borrowed from outside. .

The ministries of the Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau also supported this request, so official meetings led by the six ministries were often arranged at venues organized by the Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau.

The officials of the Seiyi Pavilion are about fifty years old. They not only speak Japanese but also Korean, and even master several languages ​​of Nanyang. In recent years, the government has sufficient funds, and the officials of the Seiyi Pavilion often go abroad. Understand and learn the culture and customs of various countries.

Economic development and convenient transportation are also the result of political integrity. People can do their jobs well in their own positions, which is already a very good situation.

Liu Yiru was a traditional scholar. He studied in the Imperial College before the reform, and later worked in the Ministry of Rites. Over the years, he became a scholar and had a lot of knowledge about foreign affairs, especially Japan and Korea.

After hearing Liu Yiru's introduction, many people sighed that it turned out that the Japanese country was so deeply involved with China.

"What then?"

Jing Cheng asked curiously.

The Ming Dynasty has several overseas enclaves, including Kyushu Island, the former Japanese state. Over the years, due to lack of energy, the Ming Dynasty's governance on Kyushu Island has been relatively slow, and more merchants are involved.

With the complete pacification of the seven western provinces and the end of the second Western Expedition, the Ming Dynasty had spare power. It was also for this reason that major railway construction projects were launched. Otherwise, the Ming Dynasty would not be able to do many things at once.

Especially due to the chaos in the Ryukyu Kingdom in the first two years, the imperial court almost lost control of the local area. In the end, Yang Wen was appointed as an official, Wu Gao returned to the country for another appointment, and a number of civil and military personnel were transferred, which stabilized the local area.

Therefore, the imperial court was very careful about the governance of overseas enclaves.

Liu Yiru knew that Jing Cheng was about to take office as the governor of Zhuzi Dusi.

The Ouchi clan ceded Kyushu Island to the Ming Dynasty, which put them under a lot of pressure, and there was a lot of internal opposition. Because of this, the shogunate received support from more forces in the Japanese country.

In order to avoid the defeat of the Ouchi clan, it was also one of the reasons why the Ming Dynasty did not launch a major war on Kyushu Island.

Today is different from the past. The Ming Dynasty can now use large-scale troops overseas, so solving the issue of Kyushu Island is on the agenda. According to the imperial court's plan, Kyushu Island is restored to its original name of Tsukushi and becomes the capital of the Ming Dynasty.

Various departments and invited scholars participated in this conference to understand the communication during this period, make a summary, and then submit it to the emperor to make the final decision.

Liu Yiru shook his head and sighed: "The emperor of Cao Wei at that time was Cao Fang, and the actual person in power was Cao Shuang. The domestic situation was complicated at that time, and Cao Shuang did not have the energy to take care of it. He only issued an edict to the Gounu Kingdom."

Liu Yiru has been to the Japanese country several times. He not only contacted local scholars and monks, but also collected a lot of historical materials. He said in a logical manner: "Although the king of Gonu Kingdom received the edict from Cao Wei, he did not reply. Maybe I didn’t take it seriously, or more likely I didn’t understand what was going on.”

"Cao Shuang's side was later killed by Sima Yi, so this edict was ultimately invalid."

"But the Inu Kingdom was unable to defeat the Yamatai Kingdom in the end. I heard from Japanese scholars that the losers of the Inu Kingdom left Kyushu Island and migrated to Honshu Island, and gradually developed into the later Yamato Kingship. .”

Someone laughed and said, "This is a cycle of cause and effect. The Dog Slave Kingdom failed and left Kyushu Island, but now it is in the Japanese country. They came back and reconquered Kyushu Island."

Everyone talked and laughed, and had a general understanding of the situation in Japan.

"Then they should be called the Gounu Kingdom. Why did the Tang Dynasty name them the Japanese Kingdom?"

Upon hearing the question, Liu Yiru explained: "The first kingdom that emerged on Kyushu Island was the Wonu Kingdom. The Wonu Kingdom and the Yamato Kingdom are actually two countries with completely different cultures and geography."

"The Wonu Kingdom once accepted the seal and ribbon of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and also presented the slaves on the island as tribute to the Eastern Han Dynasty, a total of one hundred and sixty."

"The "Book of Han" says that there are dwarves in the Lelang Sea, divided into more than a hundred countries, and they are dedicated according to the age of the year. The so-called Japanese slave country is probably one of them. From then on, the people of Japan in the impression of the Central Plains were like Japanese slaves. Therefore, during the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Yamato Kingdom, which had unified Japan, came into contact with the Central Plains, and the Central Plains Dynasty also called them the Japanese Kingdom."

Everyone suddenly realized.

"At that time, the Yamatai Kingdom, which was more powerful than the Wonu Kingdom and could be regarded as the number one overlord of Kyushu Island, was located in the northeastern region of Kyushu Island. At its peak, it once governed more than thirty small countries, including the Wonu Kingdom above. country."

"Later, because there were nine kingdoms on Chikushi Island, it was called Kyushu Kingdom by the locals, and it has been passed down to this day."

"The Japanese country has gone through the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the invasion of the Ouchi clan, and the civil war between the Ouchi clan and the shogunate. Now, due to the situation, Kyushu Island has been separated to our Ming Dynasty. The situation on the island has completely changed."

"There are not only the loser forces in the Southern Dynasties, but also the remnants of the Ouchi clan, the remnants of the shogunate, the original daimyo, and the local resistance forces in remote areas, such as Hayato."

Liu Yiru introduced: "The Hayato people are another ethnic group that experienced several defeats with the Japanese state. During the Tang Dynasty, most of the forces had been defeated, and a small number were absorbed by the Japanese state. They had no resistance, and their number was incalculable. There are more than [-] people, and they are scattered in barren mountainous areas. Not only has their culture declined, but they also have no written language of their own.”

"This is an opportunity, we can help Hayato." Jing Cheng came up with an idea.

Using barbarians to rule barbarians was no stranger to Ming officials.

When the country's power was strong, there were great achievements like Ban Chao's. When the country's power was declining, there were civil servants who wanted to use their mouths to stir up jokes about the failure of Lin Dan Khan and Hou Jin Fengyun.

If the Ming Dynasty's national power was strong at that time, then if the civil servant succeeded, he would get great achievements and become a heroic figure in the eyes of future generations. But he failed, and mocking the losers was not just the tradition of the Ming Dynasty.

Wenhua Hall.

Although Zhu Gaochi returned to the court, he did not participate in political affairs. Zhu Di also sent someone to ask, and Zhu Gaochi rested on the grounds of physical fatigue.

This is the tacit understanding between him and Zhu Di.

Although he did not personally govern state affairs, Zhu Gaochi did not completely let go. After inspecting the entire country, he not only solved many local affairs, but also promoted the development of all walks of life in the Ming Dynasty and allocated social resources.

"In view of the stability of the three capitals in the northern, central and southern Ryukyus, the imperial court decided to separate half of the military strength, plus troops from Guangdong and Guangxi, totaling [-] soldiers to garrison the Chikushi City."

Yang Rong, the right minister of the Ministry of War, came to the Wenhua Palace and told Zhu Gaochi the results of the discussions between the emperor and the court.

The Ming Dynasty's military strength included an army of [-] and a navy of [-]. Due to the rise of railways, the number of troops stationed in various places was reduced. The annual military strength was more than [-], of which the Beijing camp was as high as [-].

[-] troops from the seven western provinces, [-] troops from Goryeo, [-] troops from the northern part of Sainan, [-] troops from the city, and [-] troops from the Xuanwei Division in Laos

The number of troops has long been insufficient.

However, the Ming Dynasty has been invincible for so many years, so that no one around them dares to resist, and they are not fools. They can see the strength of the Ming Dynasty, and no one will turn their eyes. Generally speaking, it has been maintained.

This was very dangerous. Because of the lack of troops and Zhu Di's several conquests, Zhu Gaochi was very cautious in other directions to maintain a situation of stable development.

"Father plans to expand the army by [-] million, has the Ministry of War agreed?"

Zhu Gaochi asked with concern.

"Back to Your Highness, the Ministry of War, the Fifth Army Governor's Mansion, and other yamen discussed it and concluded that the Ming Dynasty indeed needed so many troops, so they supported the emperor." Yang Rong answered respectfully.

Zhu Gaochi nodded without much opinion.

For an army of [-] million people, military expenditures for soldiers alone would cost [-] million yuan a year. Adding the military resources for various armaments, the total would cost more than [-] million yuan. This is based on the fact that the navy is not large enough. How to increase the conditions, otherwise the navy will be a big consumer.

Although armament is different from military pay and is not a fixed annual expenditure, it is still a considerable amount.

France is a land-power country. At the beginning of the [-]th century, it had an army of more than [-] and military expenditures of more than [-] million francs. According to the value at that time, it was about [-] million taels of silver.

In 1890, the German government's allocation for the Army reached US$12100 million, which was approximately [-] million taels of silver.

The Qing Dynasty's compensation for a war was as high as 4.5 million taels of silver. During the same period, there was another war in the world, the Boer War. In this war, the British defeated miserably and spent 2 million pounds on military expenses. This directly led to the change of world hegemony and the empire on which the sun never sets. The glory is no longer equivalent to the British direct expenditure of more than 26 billion taels of silver in the Boer War.

Of course, these [-] billion taels of silver are not equivalent to peacetime military and armament expenditures, but rather large-scale and high-intensity war expenditures compared to the same period.

In peacetime, based on the size of the army of [-] million, the annual military expenditure will be close to [-] million. If there is a war, there will be different increases depending on the scale of the war.

This is why Zhu Gaochi is unwilling to fight easily.

The colonial history of the West, starting from the competition between Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom, Britain, France and Germany, has long ceased to be the single mode of plunder in the early days, and has instead included multiple modes of productivity development.

If we look at the early model of Western colonial history from an unchanging perspective, we will not be able to understand things correctly.

With the size of the Ming Dynasty, it was impossible to learn the roads of Portugal and Spain, because the surrounding areas of the Ming Dynasty did not have the supply of benefits that could satisfy the industrialization of the Ming Dynasty. It could only be regarded as the icing on the cake.

On the contrary, the development of production in the colonies in the middle and late period of Britain was part of the path that the Ming Dynasty could learn from.

The cities that Britain built in the colonies one after another supported Britain as the pillar of the empire on which the sun never sets, allowing them to carry out racial replacement on the American continent.

Cities represent civilization and productivity.

The essence of industrialization is to concentrate the population that meets the needs of non-agriculture into cities. Therefore, the non-agricultural population indicators released every week in the United States have attracted attention from all over the world, including later generations who will also announce the increase in the proportion of urban population as good news.

The model of Goryeo was based on the development of businessmen in Goryeo. Although the dividends of this development did not fall on the people of Goryeo, but were exploited to the extreme, the economy of Goryeo land did join the economic system of the Ming Dynasty. A complementary virtuous cycle has been formed, and on the basis of food security, it is getting stronger and stronger like a snowball.

Now the size of the Ming Dynasty's economy, the excess wealth in the entire Japanese agricultural society, if it is plundered and plundered, how much benefit can it bring to the Ming Dynasty, and how much expenditure must be maintained.

Zhu Gaochi couldn't help but sigh, it had to be Zhu Di.

In these years, Zhu Gaochi has been unwilling to let go of the restrictions of the army because he was worried too much. Zhu Di did not have so many scruples. He felt the need and made strong demands directly.

Because Zhu Di believed that the Ming Dynasty should have an army of [-] million, and he also believed that the Ming Dynasty could support it.

Compared with Zhu Gaochi's foresight and foresight, Zhu Di was more decisive.

Today's Ming Dynasty has a population of more than [-] million and a land area larger than Europe. It has entered the social environment of the first industrial revolution and is on a benign development path, in an environment with no external industrial social competitors.

The total amount can exceed that of Britain, France, Germany, Spain, Portugal, the Netherlands and other countries in history.

Yang Rong then reported on the new reforms of the guard station and the army. "In society, taking the Ming Dynasty Industrial Bureau as an example, the general monthly salary is one yuan and eighty cents. The current normal military pay for soldiers in the Ming Dynasty is two yuan and five cents. There are more than four million military households in the Ming Dynasty."

There are more than [-] million military households, with a population of more than [-] million and [-] million acres of guard land. More than [-] million young people can be recruited into the camp, but this will destroy the ecology of the guard. .

Moreover, the current immigrants in the Ming Dynasty are mainly military households.

Whether in the seven western provinces or in overseas enclaves, the Ming Dynasty would look for the richest land and allocate it to soldiers who were willing to stay there, and through their garrison, new military households would be formed.

Coupled with the various preferential treatment and support provided by military households, as well as the military salary of ordinary soldiers which is much higher than the average income of society, people have a very high willingness to become military households.

Hereditary military households were not conducive to long-term planning as the population multiplied.

After Yang Rong explained something, he said: "The military status of military households will be inherited by the eldest son. After the family is divided, the children will be converted into civilian households, or they may join the deployment of the Fifth Army Governor's Office and the Ministry of War to take root in the new land and become new members." To become a military household, another part is to join the army. After retiring from the army, you can obtain the status of a military household."

"How to ensure that the eldest son meets the requirements?" Zhu Gaochi asked.

"Assessment."

Yang Rong said, "When the eldest son inherits a military household, he needs to take a unified assessment at the Dusi Yamen. Only those who pass the exam can inherit. Those who fail will retake the exam, or another child can take the assessment and inherit the military household instead of the eldest son."

The assessment of military households is of course different from the assessment of school. As long as you can ride a horse, your riding skills are not bad, or you can participate in drills and make no big mistakes, etc., the requirements are not strict.

In short, as long as you are not an ignorant bastard, you can successfully inherit the military status passed down from your father's generation.

Zhu Gaochi nodded with satisfaction.

Since he promoted industrialization in Peiping, the status and treatment of military households have not changed. From the whole society despising military households, to the whole society envying military households, to now using the interests of military households to tempt people to move to new lands. A virtuous cycle is formed.

Including county schools, graduates choose to join military households every year.

Agriculture is stable but industry is unstable.

Farmers are more tempted than ordinary workers.

Military households are farmers.

Zhu Gaochi believes that such a system can be maintained without problems for thirty years. As for how far the Ming Dynasty will develop in thirty years, it will face new problems that Zhu Gaochi cannot solve.

After all, it didn’t matter whether I was there or not at that time.

There are many plains in the north, and conditions for the use of agricultural machinery are good. This is different in the south, so the proportion of military households is not as good as in the north.
-

During the Ming Dynasty's new reform of the military household guard system and the large-scale military expansion and training, sensational news came from the capital. Cao Duan, who had been away from the Ming Dynasty for nearly ten years, returned to China.

Many people don't know who Cao Duan is, but newspapers have been reporting on him for days.

Many people still have to use Cao Duan.

For example, Cao Duan's good friend Jiang Binzhi.

The newspapers of the Ming Dynasty were weekly magazines in some places. There were also newspapers of the Ming Dynasty in Korea, but they were outdated newspapers and were not of new date. Cao Duan returned the same way.

He returned to the Seven Western Provinces, and from the Seven Western Provinces he entered Yilibali Province and the Western Region Province. When he was at Jiayuguan, the local gentry welcomed Cao Duan.

Cao Duan took the train back to Peiping.

The Imperial College in Peiping held a warm welcome ceremony. At the ceremony, Cao Duan told about his travels, how he was almost caught and eaten by a cannibal tribe, how he had been to Constantinople, and how he had seen this magnificent palace. city.

I came into contact with Western missionaries, and because of the mysterious East, I became a guest in various kingdoms, visited many countries, and saw all kinds of societies.

Relying on his clever mind and talent, Cao Duan learned multiple languages, could communicate simply, and had many exchanges with local scholars.

"The Ming Dynasty is the greatest."

"Because Ming is an empire."

Cao Duan said firmly.

Cao Duan gave a clear division into clan-tribe-kingdom-empire.

Allah and God made various tribes become kingdoms. Only Taoism made China an empire. There are no empires in the West. There may be, but they are only local myths and stories.

Cao Duan did not believe in these stories. He only believed in written records and unearthed objects similar to those in China. Therefore, he summarized the culture and knowledge of the East and the West, focusing on the achievements of the Ming Dynasty, and once again introduced new learning.

This new study has many similarities with the previous new study.

In fact, it is a summary.

"In the past, knowledge was diverse and the accumulation of experience was not systematic, so it seemed chaotic and had no causal relationship with each other. In fact, knowledge also has cause and effect."

"Every knowledge should be able to prove each other, such as "Nine Chapters of Arithmetic"."

Cao Duan said to each scholar.

In the past, Cao Duan was the most famous student at the Imperial College in Peking and one of the founders of the reading club. Now Cao Duan has become the center, and everyone comes to communicate with him.

"All knowledge, such as the Pythagorean theorem of three strands, four strings and five, and related mathematical problems are defined by this, or are derived from establishments that are too simple to prove, or indirectly deduced from axioms and so on."

"This is cause and effect, either prove it or overturn it, draw a new definition, and based on the new definition, multiply more definitions, and use this as a cycle, a complete and unified proof."

Cao Duan's theory seems to have opened a new door.

Scholars in Peking seemed to have seen the great road.

A path where knowledge can be unified.

From the art of cutting circles to the Pythagorean theorem, a large number of scholars have discussed it, and Bee Chrysalis visited Cao Duan, hoping to have academic exchanges with Cao Duan.

The Peking Imperial Academy invited Cao Duan with great fanfare. The entire Peking Imperial Academy was serving Cao Duan. Scholars came from all over the country to participate in the academic conference held for Cao Duan.

The hooking angle of three strands, four strings and five is [-] degrees, the hooking angle is [-] degrees, and the strand angle is [-] degrees. When the two right-angled sides of a right triangle are three, the short side, and four, the long side, the radius or chord is five.

Based on this, five definitions were born.

A straight line can be drawn from any point to any other point; a finite straight line can be continuously extended; a circle can be drawn with any point as the center and any distance; all right angles are equal to each other; if a straight line intersects two other straight lines in the same plane, if If the sum of two interior angles on a certain side is less than the sum of two right angles, then the two straight lines intersect on that side after being infinitely extended.

After figuring out the triangle shape, Cao Duan came up with a new concept.

Quantities equal to the same quantity are equal to each other. Adding equal amounts to equal amounts, the sums are still equal. Equal amounts minus equal amounts, the difference is still the same. Objects that overlap each other are congruent. The whole is greater than the parts.

The commotion in the academic world in Peiping was like dropping a stone in a calm lake, causing the academic world to boil. Scholars started their own research on a new path.

Unlike the knowledge of the Pythagorean Theorem, much knowledge is not based on logical reasoning, but on observation and experiment. Of course, it also uses basic knowledge of mathematics and geometry.

A big event happened in the capital.

The disciple overturned the teacher's results.

Qimei's son He Hu, a naughty student who was almost dropped out of school, accidentally met his new neighbor, his strange teacher. This master and apprentice parted ways in Peking.

He Hu embarked on a new path. He publicly rejected the teacher's result - the air in the same bottle is heavier than the water in the same bottle.

In the Imperial Academy of Beijing.

He Hu saw the records of experiments conducted by craftsmen under the organization of His Royal Highness the Crown Prince in the [-]th year of Hongwu. They pumped water to the top of the mountain, but all the water pumps were unable to lift the water above a fixed height. No one knew what the reason was. .

However, He Hu sensitively discovered that this is related to the teacher's important results in the past few years. He believed that it was all related to the weight of the air. He proposed that "the air that is squeezing us all the time produces forces from all directions, so we cannot feel this." This kind of pressure, we live in a sea of ​​air."

This theory shocked everyone.

He Hu used an improved water pump to prove that the fixed height of water pumping has nothing to do with the suction power of the water pump. It is due to the pressure of air, and there is no reverse pressure in vacuum.

An experiment was conducted using mercury to demonstrate the pressure of air. The reason why mercury was used instead of water is because mercury is thirteen times heavier than water. Water can form a water column thirty feet high, while mercury can only form a water column of [-] feet. A high mercury column is easier to control.

Use a three-foot-long glass tube and fill it with mercury.

After sealing the bottom of the glass tube, turn it upside down and place it in another basin of mercury. When the bottom seal is removed, about half a foot of mercury flows out of the glass tube, forming an empty vacuum at the top. No air can enter during this process.

Achieving a vacuum without an extraction process, his device suspended mercury and seemed to have magical properties that defied gravity.

The external air exerts pressure on the surface of the mercury in the glass. There is no corresponding pressure in the vacuum at the top of the glass tube to push the mercury downward, so it is the air pressure that holds the suspended mercury column.

In fact, the pressure of the air changes with altitude, or the air pressure changes before a storm, and the height of the mercury column changes accordingly.

He Hu used millimeters in mercury columns to represent the unit of atmospheric pressure and invented a unit of measurement for measuring pressure, which caused a sensation in the capital.

“It turns out it’s really stressful.”

people said in surprise.

"The air can still be measured." People said in disbelief. Some even became frightened and said in horror: "Zi Buyu's strange power confuses the gods. They shouldn't act like this, they will be punished by heaven."

(End of this chapter)