Voyage of the Stars.

Chapter 713 The Strange Phenomenon of Black Hole

(ps: please add the genuine version to your collection (ω))
It is actually very powerful for humans to be able to achieve this. When the data was transmitted to Tianlya by scientists, and even when the news of these achievements was seen by the scientific team of the member civilizations of the Star Alliance, they were shocked beyond words.

Black hole! The most extreme celestial body in the universe, scientists from the civilizations of the Star Alliance never thought that they would see news about the exploration of black holes one day, but they saw it here. With the background of such an extreme celestial body as black hole, the powerful material technology of human beings once again refreshed their cognition.

However, this is not the end. After the third batch of exploration spacecraft completed its experimental mission, human scientists sent the fourth batch of exploration spacecraft to the black hole again. Well, the word "fourth batch" is not very accurate, because this time there is only one exploration spacecraft.

This is a detection spacecraft that humans spent a huge amount of money to build after deciding to conduct a preliminary exploration of this black hole.

This spaceship is not big, only about three kilometers in size. Judging from its size, it is obviously a lake-class spaceship. For its stability, humans built its surface into an eggshell structure, and used strong materials, including the frame.

It is filled with various technological creations made with gravitational potential well technology. The purpose is naturally to generate a corresponding gravitational field to protect important instruments and equipment inside the detection spacecraft.

It can be said to be a spacecraft for detecting strong materials. The production technology of strong materials itself is very advanced. It took humans a lot of time and cost to build such a detector. It can be said that in order to conduct scientific detection of black holes, humans have really spent a lot of money this time.

Such a carefully built exploration spacecraft did not disappoint everyone's expectations. It successfully crossed the farthest distance previously created by humans, crossed the threshold of four times the radius of the black hole, and its internal instruments continued to operate normally. Such a result made the scientists relieved and excited at the same time.

"Hold on! Keep going! Keep going!"

Because this experiment was broadcast live on the human network platform, everyone who was paying attention to the progress of the scientific experiment was praying silently in their hearts.

As this carefully built exploration spacecraft got closer and closer to the black hole, everyone's heart became more and more tense.

With the improvement of civilization level, human beings have accumulated more and more scientific and technological knowledge. Therefore, the time required for human beings to start learning and graduate has increased from 50 years to 80 years, and the time required for specialized knowledge training has reached 100 years.

There is no way. There are more and more branches of science, and the number of compulsory courses is also increasing. Human beings attach great importance to scientific development and even above science, so learning is naturally indispensable.

For this reason, ordinary people have a good scientific literacy, so they know what it means to exceed four times the radius of a black hole. It means that human creations will flood into the area of ​​three times the radius of a black hole.

Well, this is not nonsense.

Because the so-called three times the radius of the black hole orbital region is actually the innermost stable circular orbit of the black hole. It is the innermost critical orbit for massive objects to stably orbit a black hole. It is also the destination that humans hope the probe will reach in this black hole exploration.

Beyond this orbit, anything, as long as it has mass, will lose its stable orbit and fall into the black hole at nearly the speed of light.

Black holes are so magical that no intelligent civilization can resist the temptation to explore them.

Under the watchful eyes of the crowd and with everyone's hearts hanging in the air, the exploration spacecraft made of strong materials finally succeeded in arriving at the outer edge of an orbit with three times the radius of the black hole after circling the black hole several times. The critical innermost stable orbit in the calculation of its close orbit distance around the black hole was only 1,700 kilometers away.

Yes, near orbit!

Since this black hole is formed by the merger of black holes formed by the collapse of stars as predicted by scientists, it is not a stationary black hole, but a rotating black hole. The difference between a rotating black hole and a stationary black hole is that a stationary black hole is spherically symmetrical, while a rotating black hole is an axially symmetrical ellipsoid. Such a black hole will pull the surrounding space-time to rotate with it. This kind of rotation belongs to the rotation of the reference frame, which is very different from the orbiting phenomenon and has very important research significance. Therefore, the orbit of human creations here is naturally elliptical, so there are near and far orbits.

More than a thousand kilometers is considered close on an astronomical scale, so humans cannot let this probe get any closer. If it goes any further, humans will lose this probe that they have spent so much effort on. This probe is not designed to crash, but to continuously observe the black hole at close range, so it is considered a success up to this point.

Immediately afterwards, the exploration spacecraft aimed at the black hole for "close" observation. Such observations also brought humans a new perspective on observing black holes, enriching the human scientific database while also refreshing the impression of black holes in human concepts.

As time goes by, the exploration spacecraft presents humans with a visual representation of the appearance of the black hole photon ball.

Yes, photon ball.

The reality inside the human holographic screen is not a pitch-black black hole, but a black hole whose surface is covered by a layer of vast light ball. This is completely different from the black holes that humans usually see in pictures on the Internet. It is not a pattern where it is black inside and surrounded by a circle of light outside, but there is no blackness but only a vast light ball. However, that light ball is obviously different from the light of a star. It appears very distorted, so that human detectors can see themselves in their own lenses.

Of course, we cannot see it all at once, but it is the result of long exposure, because the number of photons entering the detector in a short period of time is too small to form an image.

People know that this phenomenon is the result of light hitting the surface of the detector, being diffusely reflected, and then being distorted by the black hole and making a circle before returning to the detector's optical receiving device.

As time went by, people discovered another magical phenomenon. From the time of several outer detectors, it can be seen that no matter where the detector is in the black hole orbit, it can see the figure of the detection spacecraft that has almost reached the innermost stable circular orbit.

From the perspective of other peripheral detection spacecraft, the high-strength material detection spacecraft seemed to have countless clones all of a sudden, spreading across every corner outside the black hole photon sphere.

The distortion of time and space creates illusions in human senses.

Amid people's cheers, human scientists began to conduct experiments on black holes based on this detector, such as firing photon beams at them and observing them using various detection methods.

After a series of observation experiments, human scientists confirmed a previous theoretical solution about the black hole photon ball, and it turned out that the solution was correct.

It refers to the region between the orbit of 1.5 times the Schwarzschild radius of the black hole and the Schwarzschild radius surface of the black hole, i.e. the event horizon of the black hole, which belongs to the photon sphere of the black hole.

Here, massless particles such as photons can run stably. Photons coming from all directions of the universe will bend here due to the strong gravitational force of the black hole. Many photons will turn and circle here and eventually become a shell of light. This is what humans see when they see a black hole from a holographic screen.

However, because there are not many photons, this layer of light shell appears very light.

And when human scientists transformed their perspective into the data perspective of tachyon detection feedback, humans once again saw an even more magical scene.

From the perspective of tachyon detection, the "dark" radius of this black hole suddenly expanded by 1.5 times from the Schwarzschild radius.

This phenomenon verifies another related photon ball phenomenon solution to human black hole theory.

(End of this chapter)