Voyage of the Stars.

Chapter 715: Reversal of Time and Space

Scientists said that the reason was that time and space had changed, but it was just a sentence and they did not give a specific explanation, but they have not stopped their research on this.

In the following period, scientists threw various experimental objects into the black hole, such as high-strength materials, various antimatter rays, etc., and then observed them through the detectors launched previously.

In this way, the experiment was carried out again and again, and human civilization gradually found some useful things from the massive data.

For example, the theory of time and space specificity has been brought up again.

Some scientists said that the reason why such centrifugal force reversal phenomenon occurs in the photon sphere is that the time coordinate and the space coordinate in the black hole are interchanged. That is to say, the Schwarzschild radius R becomes the time axis, and the original time coordinate T becomes the space coordinate.

This statement seems to be true. It explains the phenomenon that matter falls rapidly towards the singularity, that is, the position where R equals 0, after passing through the one-way membrane. This is the result that the space coordinates inside the one-way membrane have been exchanged with the time coordinates.

But it just seems that the "inside the black hole" in this theory originally refers to the area from the event horizon to the singularity. This area is the area where the time and space coordinates are replaced, not the photon sphere.

In response to other people's doubts, the scientist who put forward this view explained that the final fate of matter after entering the innermost stable circular orbit of a black hole is to fall into the black hole, and the photons on the surface of the photon sphere cannot come out either, and will eventually be swallowed up by the black hole in one direction. The photon ball that people see is nothing more than the scattered photons on the critical surface of the photon sphere.

There is a theory in the human civilization about black holes that says that the singularity of an ordinary black hole is only infinitely close to it but not the real singularity, and the space outside the singularity, um. time, from the perspective of space-time dimension, is not the end of everything. At the same time, within the black hole event horizon, where R is equal to 0, the space coordinates inside the one-way membrane have been exchanged with the time coordinates.

So it is obvious that the direction of time within the black hole event horizon points to the position where R equals 0.

The massive matter in the innermost stable circular orbit and the massless photons in the photon sphere conform to the one-way membrane description of this theory, so scientists who insist on this view feel that their views are correct.

Another group of scientists do not support this rigid view, but they believe that the human substitution of time coordinates and space coordinates within the black hole event horizon is correct. However, they also understand that this theoretical inference cannot be found in experiments with current human technology.

Because that requires understanding the nature of space and time, or at least having a deep understanding of these two physical quantities, and obtaining information on the time attributes that have been pulled out by the black hole and converted into space attributes, or vice versa, in order to verify whether this theory is correct.

Obviously, this is a dead end for human beings' current technological level.

For this reason, most scientists scoff at the idea of ​​explaining the counter-intuitive properties of the photon ball from this perspective. Instead, they believe that the centrifugal force of photons does not exist at all.

It's very simple. The centrifugal force refers to the mass reference frame. Photons have no mass at all, so there is no such thing as centrifugal force reversal.

This statement directly points to the core argument of scientists' previous research on photon spheres, forcing those scientists who have been studying this for many years to face the problem. In particular, the problem of stable operation of photons in the photon sphere cannot be explained by centrifugal force. It can also explain the phenomenon that tachyons cannot escape, after all, tachyons have negative mass, and it is logical to be subject to negative centrifugal force.

But the massless photon
After some calculations and inferences, scientists believe that this is caused by the black hole's strong gravity, or by the strong gravity that distorts space and time.

To explain this, there are two different views among them. One group believes that black holes swallow matter in and not out, which means they swallow space-time itself, while the other group believes that they only swallow matter that exists in space-time.

The difference between the two is easy to distinguish. If space is regarded as water, then the black hole in the former is an existence that exists in water and swallows water infinitely.

The latter black hole is a hole that exists in the water and curls the water into a hole that leads downward to the infinite abyss. The water around the hole is all still, but because of the curling, there is a downward potential energy around it, so everything falls into it. This is gravity.

Human scientists are not all black and white. Some of them have put forward their own views based on these two views. They believe that both have their merits and are biased. If space is regarded as water, then the swallowing of a black hole should cause the water to twist and rotate rapidly, and give all the surrounding matter the potential to fall inward.

Of course, this is just an inappropriate metaphor. The situation of a black hole is certainly much more complicated than a whirlpool in water.

However, these scientists believe that their views are correct, because it can explain why photons in the photon sphere form a stable photon sphere, and why the general theory of relativity shows that photons in the photon sphere exhibit the phenomenon of "negative centrifugal force" but can still be stable in this area.

The reason they gave is also simple, that is, the speed of space rotation within the black hole photon ball is too fast due to the strong gravity. Of course, space and time are one, so the so-called expression of space rotation speed is actually the distortion of space and time.

That is, the degree of space-time distortion is greater than the speed of light!
Everyone knows that in the depths of the distant universe, the expansion of space-time is greater than the speed of light, so there is a saying of "chasing the first ray of light in the universe". Now this view tells humans that the degree of space-time distortion in the black hole or the rotation speed of space itself is also greater than the speed of light.

This results in the speed of light inside the black hole never catching up with the space in front, and in the end the space itself goes around the black hole and catches up with the light again. This is why humans have come up with anti-logical calculation results from the perspective of photons.

As for tachyons, their speed is faster than light, and because of the negative centrifugal force caused by their negative mass, they fall directly into the black hole, which is consistent with the calculation.

This argument can also be extended to explain the black hole theory, which describes the illusion that after an object falls into the event horizon of a black hole, the object will be 'stuck' on it and will never fall into the black hole.

In short, in subsequent research, this view has gradually been recognized by more and more scientists, so that it has almost become the new knowledge of black holes for the entire human race. Until other theories come out to overturn it, it is basically considered to be correct.

Because it can explain cosmic phenomena!
(End of this chapter)