Voyage of the Stars.

Chapter 866 The Big Bang Theory

Because the scale of the universe is very small at this moment, the quantum effect of gravity is extremely obvious, and is basically as strong as the other three forces, rather than becoming the weakest force as it is now.

At this moment, the four fundamental forces are indistinguishable from each other, so it is also called the super-force stage, which is the best cosmic environment for exploring the theory of everything. If we can be in this environment or create this environment in the laboratory, then the theory of everything can be easily deduced just like humans discovered the law of electromagnetic force and various physical laws.

The grand unification moment is between 10^-43 seconds and 10^-36 seconds. At this time, gravity has been separated from the super force, but the other three forces are still indistinguishable from each other.

The moment of gravitational separation is the moment when the first phase change occurs after the birth of the universe, and the symmetry breaking that leads to the formation of a positive matter universe or an antimatter universe occurs between these two moments.

Then the next period is from 10^-36 seconds to 10^-32 seconds, during which the universe undergoes its second phase transition, and the strong force is separated from the grand unified force at this time.

This phase change manifested itself in the macroscopic universe as inflation, which lasted only 10^-33 seconds, but during this period the universe expanded 10^26 times.

The next stage after the Big Inflation is the quark and gluon period, which lasts from 10^-32 seconds to 10^-6 seconds. During this ultra-short period of time, the energy that drives the inflation is released into space, so that the space is heated again before the temperature rises.

At this moment, a large number of elementary particles are formed, mainly a large number of quarks and gluon plasma, so it can also be called the quark soup period.

It is during this period that various particle and antiparticle pairs are created and quickly annihilate, as well as the appearance and return of tachyons.

During this period, the number of positive and negative particles was equal until a certain moment later, about 10^-12 seconds later, when for some unknown reason, the weak interaction force separated from the electroweak unified force and became a short-range force. This is the third phase transition of the universe, also known as the weak force symmetry breaking phase transition.

This is also the reason why parity is not conserved in weak interaction.

But after learning this, human civilization became even more troubled, because people believed that they simply did not have the technological capability to conduct a Big Bang experiment. That ability would probably require mastering the Theory of Everything, and to master the Theory of Everything, they had to conduct this kind of creation experiment.

It's an endless loop.

However, scientists are scientists. They can always think of some feasible solutions. They think that humans can find another way. Since the Big Bang experiment cannot be done, they can start with temperature and entropy.

Temperature is a very special physical quantity, it has a lower limit, that is, absolute zero, but no upper limit. But humans obviously have no way to create such an environment for experiments, and colliders certainly won't work, so scientists with this idea have turned their attention to extreme celestial bodies.

That is a black hole. Of course, they don’t run into a black hole, but through the observation of artificial black holes, they can understand the secrets of entropy, temperature, and time and space, and then deduce the theory of everything. Their reason is that gravity is the most special of the four fundamental forces, it can’t even be called a force, and only gravity can create the most extreme celestial body in the universe, the black hole.

According to the data obtained from long-term observations of black holes by humans, what the black hole drags towards the singularity is not just the matter in space, but also space-time itself. The other three fundamental forces all rely on space-time to exist. Then, a black hole that drags even space-time into the singularity must also have dragged in the basic intrinsic properties of the three forces. Then, unknown effects occur inside, and they become the three properties of angular momentum, mass, and charge.

Then humans only need to continue to use ion collisions to create micro black holes, and then continue to observe these micro black holes that evaporate instantly, and one day they will be able to observe the laws of the theory of everything.

It seems to make sense, but it also seems far-fetched, and how can we observe it?
This has become a big problem facing scientists, because human scientists have tried for some time, but traditional photon interference observation does not work, and neither do neutrinos and tachyons. Humans have used all the observation methods they have now, but still have not discovered any new phenomena.

Some scientists think that the detection method is not good enough, while others think that the observation method is wrong. At present, the scientific community of human civilization is still arguing about this issue and has not yet reached a conclusion.

However, such experimental research has been carried out all the time.

Based on these views and arguments, there is also a group of older physicists who believe that humans should strive to find gravitons instead of doing creation experiments and collision experiments. They believe that we can first assume the existence of gravitons, and then build a new theory of gravity based on this. After that, we can find evidence of the existence of gravitons through observations of cosmic phenomena and various possible experiments, and thus find the theory of everything.

Another group of physicists believe that the unification of gravity should not be studied in this way, but gravity should not be viewed as a force. The so-called theory of everything cannot be expressed by an equation like the basic forces unified by mankind in the past, but should be a form of correlation.

Humans don’t need to look for gravitons at all. They just need to regard gravity as a special form of “fundamental force”, or as space-time itself. In this way, they can start their research from tachyons. After all, tachyons have been confirmed to be particles that are born in space-time and then return to space-time itself.
If we use this method to deduce, the final universal theory should be in the form of 3+1. That is, when the grand unified force field remains unchanged, the effect of the gravitational field is added to obtain a special super force field.

It seems to make some sense.

It is worth mentioning that this idea inspired another idea that is still in its infancy. That idea believes that humans do not have to stick to the research method based on the traditional theoretical research system, and can consider the problem from a different angle. That is: since we already know that the fifth-level civilization has negative energy, a symbolic energy utilization, why not start with negative matter and follow the clues?

So how do we follow the clues? Humans cannot produce negative energy! This also requires mastering the theory of everything, which is the same dead loop as before.

The answer given by these physicists to this question is to use the known properties of negative energy to search for natural phenomena in the universe that may contain negative energy.
Well, it is still a phenomenon that exists in the natural world of the universe, isn’t it the same as the black hole we talked about before?
In general, human scientists have proposed various solutions and methods for a long time, but they all seem to be specious. They seem to be able to solve the problem and seem feasible, but in fact, either the level of human technology is beyond their reach, or they have to search blindly in the universe like looking for a needle in a haystack.

(End of this chapter)