I, the Ming Dynasty, can still save me

Chapter 538 The Great Debate

"Your Majesty, the Wang School in Zhejiang Province is mainly represented by Qian Dehong and Wang Ji. All their theories revolve around the core view of the Mind School, that is, "conscience". They believe that conscience is the essence of contemporary academics. Just like benevolence. For Confucius, righteousness is for Mencius.

Moreover, they believe that conscience comes from the original mind and can be obtained without any hard work and practice.But they now have different opinions and different views on what is the original intention and what is conscience.However, this view is indeed a bit empty, so some people introduce Buddhism and believe that Confucianism is Zen and Zen is Confucianism, which is not empty. "

Zhu Youxiao nodded slowly when he heard this, secretly saying that this was indeed the case.

The study of mind explores what is the heart and what is conscience.This kind of question is like discussing what is Tao and what is principle.These are relatively metaphysical issues that are difficult to understand. In the end, it is inevitable to draw nutrients from religion.

However, Liu Zongzhou was still seeking truth from facts and did not blindly criticize Wang Xue from Zhejiang Middle School. Later, he mentioned the good aspects of Wang Xue from Zhejiang Middle School.

"Qian Dehong, a scholar of Wang School in Zhejiang Province, has profound views on the study of mind. He further elaborated on Wang Wencheng's theory of "leading to conscience" and put forward the view that learning is not about empty space. Learning must focus on things. To highlight today's urgent needs, in Being pragmatic does not mean showing off one’s reputation, and it means practicing one’s work rather than talking about it.

He advocated not having to worry about what is conscience and what is heart.

I believe that the most important thing in studying the mind is to do it and to have conscience in action. What is more important is to practice the behavior in daily actions, to truly examine things, and to make one's heart wholeheartedly and sincerely.As the saying goes, the study of studying things is to put effort into realizing conscience.

The lofty ideals mentioned by the predecessors are too empty talk and are in vain.If you want to develop a conscience, what really matters is daily effort.When you are walking and when you are still, when you are silent when you are talking, and when you are thinking carefully and without letting go of an inch, you are practicing the power of observing and observing things.This is quite true.To dress and eat is to devote one's heart and soul to one's life. "

When Zhu Youxiao heard this, he thought for a long time. What Liu Zongzhou said suddenly made him feel secretly frightened.

It is no wonder that Xinxue became popular in the late Ming Dynasty.The reason is that its threshold is much lower than the previous doctrine.

In the past, Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism required that scholars must have requirements and ideals such as regulating the family, governing the country, and bringing peace to the world, and being a saint within and a king outside, in order to become a saint.

The threshold and requirements for this kind of thing are very high. How can ordinary people understand or do this kind of thing?

But at this time, a spiritual idea came out and suddenly told them that they did not need to have the family to rule the country and the world, to be a saint within and a king outside, and other requirements and ideals.If you want to become a saint and develop a conscience, you just need to be yourself, dress and eat well, and do your daily work well.

At this moment, ordinary people could understand it. This threshold was much lower than the previous Cheng-Zhu Neo-Confucianism, so the audience naturally grew.

"Seeing the skills in daily life, stopping when walking, being silent when speaking, thinking shrewdly, and not letting go of the slightest, this Zhejiang Middle School Wang Xue is quite interesting."

Zhu Youxiao couldn't help but murmur to himself when he heard this, while Sun Shenxing and others on the side also secretly thought that it was not good. They knew that the emperor was still relatively young and could easily accept some new ideas.

So seeing the emperor like this, and fearing that the emperor would agree with these views, Sun Shenxing immediately raised his hands and said:

"Your Majesty, this statement seems good, but it actually has major drawbacks. Let me ask you what the standards are when it comes to working hard on daily behaviors. Everyone's words and deeds are different, so everyone says that they have done a good job in daily work and have a conscience. So how do you tell if it’s true or false?”

Listening to Sun Shenxing's rebuttal, Zhu Youxiao also felt that what he said made sense, and then looked at Liu Zongzhou inquiringly.Upon seeing this, Liu Zongzhou cupped his hands and said:
"Your Majesty, although the Zhejiang Wang School's statement is simple and easy to understand, it is actually an adaptation of Wang Wencheng's theory. Therefore, it has been criticized by other schools of thought, among which Jiangyou Wang School is the main one. It advocates that conscience must be cultivated through calmness and abstinence from desires. , Be wary of fear, these are the names of conscience. He also advocates the skill of "mainly respecting oneself and restraining oneself" to achieve the essence of conscience."

Zhu Youxiao understood what Liu Zongzhou said.

One of the two schools of thought, Ganqing, advocates working hard on daily behavior and doing it.One is to advocate restraining one's desires, maintaining tranquility and having few desires.

Now after listening to these two sentences, Zhu Youxiao feels that he has benefited a lot and is also interested in other things.

"Liu Aiqing, you said before that there are three schools that have the greatest influence on Yangming's theory of mind, namely Wang School in Zhejiang Province, Wang School in Jiangyou School, and Taizhou School. Now that we have talked about the first two, what views does the last Taizhou School advocate? "

Seeing what the emperor said, Liu Zongzhou glanced at Liu Yishui and others, but hesitated to speak.This Taizhou school of thought was not well received by everyone, and was even a bit deviant. Therefore, he regretted it when he told it before, and now he was hesitant to explain it to the emperor.

"Your Majesty, Wang Wencheng's studies were popular all over the world due to Taizhou (Wang Gen) and Longxi (Wang Ji). However, they gradually lost their popularity because of Taizhou and Longxi. Taizhou and Longxi were always dissatisfied with the teachings of their teachers and inspired Qu Tan. The master who returned with the secret, Gai ascended to Yangming and became Zen.

Although the Taizhou School nominally studied under Wang Wencheng, the Taizhou School was very enlightening and even far-fetched in its theories, and the contents were mostly shocking and untrustworthy. "

Seeing that Liu Zongzhou was in trouble, Ye Xianggao came out to explain, hoping to dispel the emperor's concerns.The Taizhou School is very popular among the people and is considered the most widely spread among the Yangming School of Mind.But the content is indeed somewhat absurd.Therefore, everyone was afraid that the emperor would be furious after hearing these wild words, which would cause trouble.

"Your Majesty, what Mr. Ye Ge said is absolutely true. The scholars are dissatisfied with Taizhou's learning and think it is wanton and absurd. He doesn't care if the world collapses and the earth collapses for his lecturers. He just teaches and lives a happy life. In the Jin gentry There is only one word to be wise and protect one's life, and one word to spread to the common people is to feed the princes. There is neither good nor evil in his school. The primary disease is just an empty word, and the final disease is just a mixed word."

At this time, Sun Shenxing also stood up and expressed his opinion. In his opinion, the theories of the Taizhou School were deviant, empty in content, false and empty, and could not be put on the stage at all.

However, not everyone present was against the Taizhou School, and some even supported their views.

"The words of Mr. Ye Ge and Mr. Sun are wrong. The Taizhou School advocates teaching, admonishing people to keep their peace, keep peace with others, and be practical in the world. Although some of the words are slightly outrageous, they are also to save people's hearts and remedy Confucianism."

Everyone looked around and saw that the person who spoke out in support of the Taizhou School was Xu Guangqi, Minister of the Ministry of Industry.

This also made Zhu Youxiao secretly surprised. When Yang Manuo was impeached just now, he didn't even say anything to help. Why did Xu Guangqi start arguing with Ye Xianggao and others when talking about the Taizhou School?

When the two of them saw that Xu Guangqi actually said this, they were immediately dissatisfied.In particular, Sun Shenxing, the Minister of Civil Service, had long disliked Xu Guangqi. A Confucian scholar-bureaucrat who studied Western learning and believed in God was really a disgrace to his ancestors.

Now that he had spoken out in support of the Taizhou School, he became even more furious and immediately retorted:

"Xu Shangshu, I don't know if you are speaking out of public motives or selfish motives. I wonder who doesn't know that Jiao Hong of the Taizhou School is your teacher. You are not for the imperial court, but for personal reasons. It is really unjustifiable. "

During the Wanli period, Xu Guangqi participated in the Shuntian Examination, and Jiao Hong served as deputy examiner.Xu Guangqi had already failed, but Jiao Hong found Xu Guangqi's paper among the papers. He was surprised when he read it. He slapped the table and sighed: "There is no doubt that this is a great scholar in the world."He resolutely promoted Xu Guangqi, who had fallen behind Sun Shan, to No. 1. This incident became a good talk for a while, but it was also often criticized by others, saying that Xu Guangqi had left the relationship.

Xu Guangqi was not very satisfied with Sun Shenxing. Now that he saw him using this matter to ridicule him again, he was very angry in his heart.He said coldly:
"Sun Shangshu's words must be supported by evidence. Today we are asking Your Majesty to agree on teaching standards. Therefore, if His Majesty wants to know the content of various schools in the world, we can speak freely without any restrictions. Besides, Sun Shangshu said that the Taizhou School of Medicine is just an empty word. Terminal disease is just a mixed word. Such overgeneralization may block the viewing and hearing."

"you!"

Sun Shenxing was aroused by these words and was so angry that he could not speak for a while.He looked stunned for a moment, sneered a few times, then looked at Xu Guangqi and said:
"Xu Shangshu, am I wrong? Take your teacher Jiao Hong as an example. Everyone knows that Jiao Hong especially believed in the teachings of Zhuowu (Li Zhi). Li Zhi was apostate and apostate. His words had no king, no father, and no principles. Ethics and morals. His works were also burned and no longer survive.

During Li Zhi's Wanli period, he had close contacts with Jiao Hong and the Western monk Matteo Ricci.I think that his being so deviant and without a king or father may have something to do with Western religion. "

When the words came out, everyone was shocked.

Li Zhi is a famous person and a famous deviant in the Ming Dynasty.

He regarded himself as a "heresy" of traditional Confucianism and Mencius. He strongly denounced and criticized feudal feudal male superiority, false Taoism, social corruption, and corrupt officials. He advocated "reforming the old and creating new ideas" and opposed ideological confinement.It can be said that he is famous both in the current Ming Dynasty and in later generations.

Even the Ming Dynasty scholars had a lot of controversy over their evaluation of this person. Among everyone present, it can be said that there are some who like him and some who hate him.

But the opinions of these people are irrelevant, because the court has also concluded its coffin.

In the 30th year of Wanli (1602), the Ministry of Rites reported to Shenzong that Zhang Wenda, following the orders of his chief assistant Shen Guanyi, criticized Li Zhi.In the end, Li Zhi was arrested in Tongzhou on the charge of "daring to advocate chaos, confuse the world and falsely accuse the people", and burned his works.

But Sun Shenxing now actually connected Li Zhi's words and deeds with Western religion.The reason why Li Zhi was so deviant was because of the influence of Western religion.This undoubtedly hints at the harm caused by the emperor's Western religion.How could Xu Guangqi and Li Zhizao endure this?

"Sun Shangshu, Matteo Ricci not only met Li Zhi, but also went to Donglin Academy. Most of the people present sat and discussed Taoism with Matteo Ricci. If you say so, wouldn't it mean that everyone has an affair with Western religion?"

Seeing that the two of them were arguing more and more outrageously, I immediately felt that something was wrong.Liu Yishen quickly stood up and turned off the engine.

"Okay, Your Majesty is in front of you, how unbecoming it is for you two to attack each other!"

　In order to create new learning, these debates are inevitable. I try to write the content as simple and easy to understand as possible. If my views are wrong, please forgive me.

　　Another chapter coming soon!
　　
　
(End of this chapter)