People in the Song Dynasty were lawless

Chapter 309 A historic moment

Although Fan Zhongyan sometimes looks like a dazed young man, he actually has excellent writing skills. Historically, he, Fu Bi and Ouyang Xiu often wrote edicts.

So after three times, five and two, he wrote a sternly worded document, which was signed by many prime ministers present. When the regular meeting was held in the afternoon, it was approved by Zhao Zhen and then it could be officially issued.

But that was only in the afternoon. After Zhao Jun signed at noon, he did not stay in the Constitutional Yuan to work. Instead, he left the palace and went all the way to the Academy of Sciences outside the north gate of the palace.

The Academy of Sciences occupies a large area and was renovated by Beiqing City. Many people don't know that Beiqing City was a civil and military school built by Zhao Kuangyin for the children of the Zhao family clan in the early Song Dynasty.

Later, Song Huizong Zhao Ji studied here. As a result, he was named Prince Duan at the age of fourteen. He shamelessly came here to be the principal and built Prince Duan's Mansion in Beiqing City. Therefore, this place was also the location of Prince Duan's Mansion of Zhao Ji, Emperor Huizong of Song Dynasty. .

Since it is a civil and military school, it must have a school ground and a horse farm. And later, Emperor Huizong of the Song Dynasty was able to build the huge Prince Duan Mansion. You can know how big the area is here and it can fully accommodate the scientific community for scientific experiments.

Naturally, Beiqing City at this time was not as luxurious as the later Prince Duan's Mansion. Coming out of Xuanwu Gate, the streets on both sides were the residences of the clan's children. The Ten Prince's House on the east side was once the residence of Zhao Yunrang, the great Zongzheng.

But at this moment, things have changed. Zhao Yun asked the couple to commit suicide, the tree fell and the hozens scattered, the direct descendants were imprisoned, the side branches had long since disappeared, and the mansion was taken back by the royal family.

Zhao Jun's carriage drove through the streets where the clan members lived and went straight into the Academy of Sciences. Most of the Academy's territory was occupied by various scientific research departments. Now the clan children no longer go to school here, but go to newly opened schools in the city.

However, the Academy of Sciences has also opened a school of its own, right next to the Academy of Sciences, but even the clan members who can enter must be the smartest, and their status is of no use.

After all, both Zhao Zhen and Zhao Jun attach great importance to scientific development, but they don't want any dandies from the clan to come in with no knowledge and skills, causing a mess inside, so they strictly control the situation.

When Zhao Jun arrived at the gate of the Academy of Sciences, Guo Shen, the dean of the School of Physics, and several professors were already waiting outside the door.

When it comes to physicists or great inventors in the Northern Song Dynasty, Bi Sheng, Su Song, Shen Kuo and others are definitely inseparable. However, they are just more famous. In historical records, there are still many less famous talents.

For example, Guo Shen was a Jinshi scholar and studied a lot of mathematics and physics. He once designed military equipment, used the principle of leverage to build river embankments, and constructed water conservancy facilities. He was recommended by Lu Yijian to the School of Physics, where he concentrated on mechanics and the design of cannons. How helpful.

Although he often feels that in front of the official Zhao Zhen, he is like a little figure in physics, looking up at the mountains, but this does not prevent him from being obsessed with physics. Recently, he is conducting in-depth and multi-faceted research on the law of universal gravitation proposed by Zhao Zhen.

"I have seen the magistrate!"

Zhao Jun's carriage slowly stopped at the gate of the Academy of Sciences, and Guo Shen and everyone hurriedly came up to greet it.

Many of the big guys in the Academy of Sciences are Jinshi, and they all hold official positions. The dean of the Academy of Light Sciences is on the same level as the ordinary ministers, and is the third rank, while the deans of the branch schools are on the same level as the ordinary ministers, and is the subordinate rank. Third grade, the status is definitely not low.

"Ah."

Zhao Jun nodded and said: "Thank you for your hard work. The officials just told me that you have developed electricity, so I came over to take a look without stopping."

Guo Zhen said with shame: "It's shameful to say that the world has long known that magnets can attract iron, but they didn't know that it can emit electricity. It's the official god who can actually use magnets to attract electricity. We still need the officials to teach us the principles. I'll wait. I am ashamed to repay the imperial court so much."

"Skills have specializations, and officials like to tinker with these things. Sometimes these things are actually not difficult. What is difficult is how to think of the key points and understand the truth."

Zhao Jun smiled. He would not say that Zhao Zhen copied everything from novels, and his Zhao coil, which imitated the Tesla coil, was not actually a Tesla coil.

Because there is no transformer.

He simply fumbled around and found a few Faraday electromagnetic induction copper disks, with some coiled copper wires wound around them. After the current was generated, he could generate electric sparks by scraping them with an iron sheet, which was no different from the sparks produced by metal collisions. He threatened to Electricity was invented.

So sometimes science is really about whoever invents it first gets it first. Even though it was just a simple invention of the principle without any rigorous experiments, Zhao Zhen dared to call himself the father of electricity.

"I really don't know what this electricity can do. If we can make it more powerful, can we use something like this to summon thunder and lightning and kill the enemy?"

As expected of Guo Zhen, he was originally a munitions maker, and his first thought was military use.

However, many things were originally invented to serve the military in war. For example, GPS was originally used by the military, and later became navigation for civilian use.

Zhao Jun said: "Its function is not these, let's talk about it later."

"Invite the Supreme Court."

Guo Shen quickly invited Zhao Jun in.

Surrounded by everyone, Zhao Jun arrived at the School of Physics.

Since the School of Physics needs to conduct large-scale experiments, such as using steam engines to pull things, it covers a very large area and has a campus directly there.

There are many things piled up in a mess on the school grounds, including bicycles, water trucks, farm tools, and machinery.

The most eye-catching ones are more than a dozen huge steam engines.

These steam engines have their own functions, some are used to pump water, some are mounted on wheels as engines, and some can repeatedly perform work and are used for grinding powder, spinning, weaving, forging, etc.

Basically, transportation, energy production, and metallurgical smelting covered by steam engines have been realized. The only problem is that rubber needs to appear to replace copper rings and lead rings to achieve complete sealing like Watt's improved steam engine, so as to increase its power. maximize.

Then Zhao Jun, led by everyone, walked through various courtyards. Some courtyards were engaged in practical physics and invented various things. Some are engaged in theoretical physics and conduct in-depth research on mechanics, optics, mechanics, etc.

The current level of physics in the Song Dynasty is actually between junior high school and high school. Moreover, many physical formulas have not been developed yet, and they all rely on Zhao Zhen to copy the books. After copying the books, he came up with the formulas for the research institute to experiment.

After all, copying is much faster than developing it yourself. Even if Zhao Jun will guide and issue research directions and help them establish a system, it can't be something that can be completed in two or three months.

So in summary, the progress of physics in the Song Dynasty was entirely due to Zhao Zhen's role as copywriter.

Soon Zhao Jun was led to a house in the inner courtyard. There were various copper wires, copper plates, magnets and other sundries in the house. On the experimental table in the center, a young man was debugging.

The young man turned around and saw Zhao Jun and others approaching, so he raised his hands and said, "Your Majesty, Su Song, has seen the Imperial Academy."

Zhao Jun had met him before when he came to the Academy of Sciences for an inspection. He recently learned that Su Song was truly a genius. He was the one who perfected the steam engine. He was also promoted to a doctorate from the Academy of Sciences, a fifth-grade official, for his merit.

He smiled and said: "Dr. Su, you are polite, you invented this thing?"

"Song dare not take credit."

Su Song hurriedly said: "It is made according to the instructions of the official family. Compared with the official family, the lower officials can't match it."

"I didn't expect that the official family would be so respected by you, but the official family advocates scientific governance. Science can improve the development of the Song Dynasty. Science is the first weapon for a strong country. The Constitutional Yuan also firmly maintains the official family's reverence for science."

Zhao Jun looked around with a smile and said: "You are all Confucian masters and came from imperial examinations, but in fact, both Confucianism and science are essentially the exploration and understanding of the world. Confucianism and science are not contradictory, they are both The same knowledge.”

"Yes."

Guo Shen nodded repeatedly. Promoting the integration of Confucianism and science is what the imperial court is currently doing.

In fact, Zhao Jun does not reject Confucian culture, but rejects the dross in it.

Political books of later generations emphasized the removal of the dross and the essence of Confucian culture. At least before the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Confucian culture still had many merits.

People like Su Song, Zhang Zai, Shen Kuo and others were not only Jinshi scholars and representatives of Confucian culture, but they were also scientists. Among them, Zhang Zai, as the founder of Confucianism, had a profound influence on the research and development of astronomy.

"Please demonstrate this to me."

Zhao Jun looked at the copper plate.

The copper plate device is very primitive, consisting of a compass plus some copper wires and magnets.

Su Song connected one of the wires to the compass, and the compass suddenly began to swing back and forth, as if it was disturbed by some magnetic field.

This was the original Faraday experiment on electromagnetic induction.

"Ah."

Zhao Jun nodded and said: "Very good, the officials told me that current will be generated between the magnet and the copper wire. By connecting the positive and negative poles of the magnet with the wire, the current can be drawn out."

"I just don't know what the use of this thing is yet."

Guo Zhen scratched his head.

"It can emit light. The officials have experimented in the palace this morning and successfully made the carbon filament glow, but it only lasted a short time. If we can find a suitable material, it may be able to keep the light shining. Then in the future, candles may no longer be needed for night lighting. And torches.”

Zhao Jun made important instructions: "You can find suitable materials in this direction. You may try tungsten. The other is to continue to study electricity to make it controllable, developable and sustainable."

"Yes."

After hearing this, everyone immediately felt that they had found the direction and agreed one after another.

What the Academy of Sciences lacks now is not manpower, but the kind of genius who has a sudden flash of inspiration. As long as someone points out the direction, it is not impossible to produce scientific research results with their wisdom.

After seeing the second generator in history, Zhao Jun inspected the School of Chemistry, School of Biology, and School of Agriculture.

The current level of science and technology is not very high, basically similar to that of the West during the Ming and Qing Dynasties, but it is enough. After all, as long as science has a good foundation, there will inevitably be a period of technological explosion in the next one or two hundred years. Now that the foundation is almost laid, basic chemistry, basic physics, and basic biology are slowly being rolled out. In the next ten years, scientific education will be carried out throughout the Song Dynasty. After the education is popularized, various scientific research talents will explode. , reaching the level of the second industrial revolution within fifty years may not be a dream.

In the afternoon, the Chongzheng Hall meeting was opened as usual. It was cooler at this time. The white-haired veterans had already taken their seats one by one. Zhao Zhen was playing with a large copper plate on his desk, surrounded by four or five people. There is a magnet coil and a wire connected to a light bulb.

Although glass cannot be made on a large scale due to the lack of soda manufacturing methods, trona does exist in nature, and some methods are needed to remove impurities. As an emperor, it was easy for Zhao Zhen to find some way to get some trona to make transparent glass.

So he asked craftsmen to burn the transparent glass into the shape of a light bulb, installed a copper base under the light bulb, and installed carbon wire on top. The copper base was connected with wires, which were conducted to the carbon wire, and soon a little light was emitted.

The veterans gathered around the desk and watched curiously. When the light bulb actually glowed, they all marveled and praised it.

"I didn't expect that I would actually see the emergence of electric light in my lifetime."

"This is all thanks to the officials. Without the officials' dedicated research, I'm afraid we would never see it again in this lifetime."

"The officials are truly the sons of the Holy Emperor. Today's prosperity in the sea and the prosperity of the country and the people are all due to the officials. However, the officials work tirelessly and research and invent every day, so that the people all over the world can benefit from it."

Everyone was talking.

Zhao Jun came over, and when he saw him coming, Zhao Zhen said proudly: "Dasun, how are you? This thing is fun."

"Brother said in front of me that light bulbs are fun. Isn't that just trying to do the same thing?"

Zhao Jun was speechless.

Not to mention the most primitive carbon filament lamp, he has seen even LED lamps. What's so interesting about this?

"Damn it, I forgot about it in the excitement."

Zhao Zhen patted his head and said, "But you haven't seen this thing in so many years, don't you think so?"

"Actually, I'm used to it."

Zhao Jun said with a smile: "I definitely didn't adapt to it at first because there was no modern technology of later generations, but later I accepted my fate and didn't have so many thoughts."

"Now the Song Dynasty is unswervingly moving towards the path of scientific development, and the future will be even better."

Zhao Zhen put down the copper wire in his hand.

Although adhering to scientific development was the slogan put forward by Zhao Jun, he strongly supported it and even wrote articles in Di Bao and Kaifeng Weekly, apparently adhering to the stance of scientific development.

For a time, there was a wave of learning mathematics, physics and chemistry all over the country. In addition, in the past few years, the imperial court had re-incorporated mathematics into the imperial examination. In recent years, it has been rumored that physics and chemistry will also be included in the imperial examination, so people suddenly learned mathematics and science. The number of people who have transformed is countless times greater.

"Officials, let scientific matters develop slowly. We should do our best in the present first."

Seeing that Zhao Zhen had finished showing off his research results, Fan Zhongyan immediately took out the official document he wrote and said: "Jiaozhi sent a letter of apology. The ministers felt that they had no intention of repenting at all, so they wrote a refutation of the war and invited the officials to Take a look."

"Oh?"

Zhao Zhen took it and saw the old men still gathered around his desk, so he smiled and said, "Then let's sit down and talk."

"Thank you, Guanjia."

Everyone returned to their seats.

Zhao Zhen took out the official document and glanced at it, nodded and said: "Well, Fan Qing wrote it very well, just to show the majesty of the Song Dynasty."

"If the officials think there is no problem, please stamp it with a jade seal and send it back to the Li Dynasty to formally declare war!"

Fan Zhongyan said.

"okay!"

Zhao Zhen took out the jade seal and covered it.

Since the Han Dynasty, the two countries have established certain procedures for sending envoys to each other.

By the Tang Dynasty, the process gradually evolved into a set of etiquette.

According to historical records, during the Tang Dynasty, the two countries sent envoys to each other in three steps.

They are the credentials system, the dispatch of envoys and the handling of envoys after they return home.

The first step is to send you a letter to inform the other party that Datang is going to your country as an envoy, and you must do a good job in reception.

The envoy will be officially dispatched after the other party replies.

Finally, the envoys returned to their respective countries and expressed the goodwill of the other country to the Emperor of the Tang Dynasty.

The same was true when other countries wanted to send envoys to the Tang Dynasty.

Except for Japan, other land countries need to inform Datang in advance so that Datang can prepare to receive envoys before they can officially send envoys.

The Song Dynasty inherited the Tang system, so the envoy system of the Song Dynasty basically followed this process.

It's just that the Song Dynasty's military was weak and its diplomatic achievements were lackluster. In the past, as long as a country sent envoys, they would always welcome them and would not reject them.

Therefore, Li Chao naively believed that as long as he continued to send envoys to the Song Dynasty and presented precious white elephants, the anger of the Song Dynasty might be calmed.

But they obviously underestimated the Song Dynasty's determination to completely eliminate the Yue Dynasty this time.

Seeing the letter of credence handed over by Li Chao, Zhao Zhen directly refused the other party to continue sending envoys. This meant that there was nothing to talk about and he would just start a war.

Zhao Zhen stamped the jade seal, basically declaring war on the Li Dynasty, which could be said to determine the life or death of a neighboring country.

"The Li Dynasty is bound to win. This matter has been discussed. It is not a big deal."

After he finished covering the jade seal, he put the official document aside and asked Jinzouyuan to publish it in the afternoon. Then he looked at everyone and said, "Is there anything going on today?"

"The official family and this year's reform charter have all been completed. They just need to put the seal on it and it can be officially issued."

Fan Zhongyan sent up another thick stack of official documents.

In fact, we have discussed these things every day during this period, and it is basically a stamping process.

Zhao Zhen took a cursory glance, raised his head and looked around. Seeing that no one had any objection, he nodded slightly and said, "Okay, then I will officially seal the deal and officially start this year's new policy."

As he spoke, he stamped the Imperial Seal, and now he was almost turning into a ruthless stamping machine.

The jade seal is covered.

The Song Dynasty will usher in the last reform of the agricultural era.

Everyone looked at the jade seal.

In fact, they also have many opinions on this reform, such as raising taxes on wealthy households, which also touches their own interests.

But this matter was the easiest to pass. After all, it was a matter of course that the Emperor of the Song Dynasty wanted to collect taxes from wealthy households.

It's just that they have finally reduced their tax expenditures, and now it's back to the past, which is really uncomfortable.

"Snapped!"

With the seal, the last reform became a foregone conclusion.

"Clap clap clap!"

Zhao Jun was the first to stand up and applaud, then looked around the crowd and said: "Everyone, after this reform, it marks the beginning of the first industrial revolution in the Song Dynasty. National steel construction has officially begun. Even if we Entering the early stages of the industrial age!”

"Clap clap clap clap!"

Everyone also stood up and applauded. This can be regarded as a celebration method learned from movies and TV series.

"call!"

Zhao Zhen took a long breath, then smiled and said: "It seems that my life is really full of historic moments!"

With this comprehensive reform, steel plants will bloom everywhere, and a new Song Dynasty is about to usher in!

(End of this chapter)