Daming: I, Yang Xian, really govern Yang!

There is only one microscope, but there are dozens or hundreds of doctors.

After seeing the microorganisms, everyone looked crazy.

"Don't squeeze, don't squeeze. It's not my turn yet?"

"Brother, you've been watching for so long. It's time to talk about the next person. Look, there are so many people waiting behind."

"Why are you urging me? Let me take a closer look. I told you to stop pulling. I'll take another look."

Yang Xian has opened the door to a new world for these doctors. Everyone wants to study this new world of microorganisms and can't wait to keep observing.

Many of them have more than ten years of experience in treating patients and are the best among them. Although they can accurately grasp the patient's symptoms by looking, smelling, asking, and observing, they have never been able to figure out the real cause and can only rely on speculation.

But seeing and hearing is the most real thing. Being able to see the real cause of disease with your own eyes is the ability that every doctor dreams of.

The emergence of microscopes now provides an objective basis for medicine, greatly reducing the difficulty of diagnosis by doctors and the chance of misdiagnosis.

In this way, it will be easier for students to study medicine.

This is a qualitative leap for Ming Medicine!
Later generations also regarded Yang Xian's lecture as an important symbol of traditional medicine moving towards modern medicine.

Yang Xian directly transferred the modern medical system of later generations through the system, learning and teaching at the same time.

Hospital teaching content is mainly divided into two categories, namely basic medicine and clinical medicine.

Basic medicine is to allow these medical students to abandon their original traditional concepts and learn to use scientific methods to study medicine. The courses include pathology, microbiology, pharmacology, and anatomy.

The other courses are easy to understand. Xiao Jiuxian and the others can basically guess the content taught just by looking at the course name.

"Mr. Yang, is this anatomy going to teach us how to dissect cadavers?" Tan Yunxian frowned and said. "But isn't this post-mortem work done by a gangster?"

In ancient times, the social status of widowers was even lower than that of doctors.

Doctors have a low status, but at least they can win the respect of the common people.

But the work is basically in an embarrassing and forbidden place where the people don't like it and the officials don't care.

The rest of the people also looked puzzled. Is the medical school still responsible for training candidates for the government?

But they all came here to study medicine.

Yang Xian had long expected that everyone would be resistant. He smiled faintly and said seriously: "The duty of the monks is to 'defend the rights of the living and speak for the dead.' In my opinion, they are also doctors, but they are just a different kind." Doctors, they also use various medical knowledge, but they serve the law, so I prefer to call them forensic doctors.”

Wu Sihai, Yang Xian's number one supporter of modern medicine and the head of the Taiyuan Hospital, immediately said: "Yang Guogong is right. I have also read the "Song Ti Xing Awakening of Wrongs". It is indeed closely related to our medical family."

Many surgeons present also nodded. They often draw lessons from this book when practicing medicine. Because Wu Zuo not only examines injuries on dead people, but also on living people, which involves a lot of surgical and medical knowledge.

Moreover, even Wu Sihai, the leader of traditional medicine and head of Taiyuan Hospital, said so, and the rest of the people quickly adjusted their mentality.

Yang Xian saw the changes in everyone's expressions. If they didn't have such an open and inclusive mentality, they might as well leave here as soon as possible.

Yang Xian was very satisfied with the first batch of students in the medical school. He nodded slightly and said, "Anatomy is to help you understand the human body better. As a doctor, you can't even understand the most basic human body structure. How to treat people."

"Is there anyone here who has seen a person's internal organs with his or her own eyes and knows what organs are in the human body?"

Yang Xian looked around at everyone, and everyone lowered their heads with some guilt.

Although Chinese medicine in my country has a longer history, some research is later than that of Western medicine. The most typical one is anatomy. The ancient Chinese thought it was disrespectful to dissect a corpse, so Chinese medicine studied anatomy thousands of years later than Western medicine.

In ancient times, there was no formal anatomy. Doctors and doctors were able to know the location of the internal organs only by relying on the Chinese medicine Bible "Huangdi Neijing".

The term "vital organs" first appeared in the book "Huangdi Neijing".

But few ancient doctors had seen the true appearance of the internal organs with their own eyes.

At least he had actually dissected a human body, seen what was inside the human body with his own eyes, and could determine the cause of death of the deceased from the abnormalities of the internal organs.

As doctors, in order to sense changes in the internal organs, they can only rely on meridians.

In this way, the threshold is infinitely higher, and it is simply not something that ordinary people can play.

Li Shizhen's famous sentence about the phenomenon of meridians in "Eight Meridians of Strange Meridians" refers to this situation: "The inner tunnel can only be observed by the observer." Those who have reached the level of a famous doctor can indeed detect internal organ lesions by diagnosing the pulse, but how many people are like this?

Yang Xian looked at everyone and said: "Anatomy, like a microscope, is to allow everyone to master scientific methods to study medicine. As a doctor, you treat people all day long, but if you don't know the structure of the human body, the heart, liver, and spleen, It’s really hard to explain how the lungs and kidneys work.”

In fact, as a doctor, how can you not be curious about the structure of the human body?

It's just that because of the laws and etiquette, I didn't dare to destroy the corpse.

Wu Sihai took the lead in expressing their concerns.

They want to learn anatomy, but where do these corpses come from?

It's impossible to squat in the yamen every day, see what life cases happen on that day, and then stand next to Zuo and watch.

In fact, even the corpses used for medical research in later generations are very few and are a very scarce and precious resource. In anatomy classes at medical schools in major universities, it is often seen that several people share the same anatomy teacher (the anatomy doctor’s honorific title for the body donor is called teacher, which means that the donor has made contributions to medicine and science with his or her body). Condition.

In later medical schools, the main source of physical education teachers mainly relies on body donations. Because of the influence of traditional Chinese culture, the concept of "the deceased is the most important and the most important thing is to be buried in peace", so there are not many people who are willing to donate their bodies. It can be said that they are very few. What if you try to ask a person if he is willing to have his body dissected by others after he dies? Most people are unwilling to do so and are seriously affected by the idea of ​​​​returning to the grave.

This is still the case in later generations, let alone the Ming Dynasty.

Yang Xian pondered for a moment and then said: "I will find a way to solve this matter. On the first day of today, the classes will be here first. Someone will take you to pick up the textbooks for this school year and daily necessities later. , then you can go to the dormitory to rest. Of course, it is best to think about and digest what you have learned today before going to bed.”

As Yang Xian spoke, he looked at Wu Sihai and said, "Mr. Wu, I'll leave this to you. I have something to go to the palace."

"Young Master Yang, just go and leave this place to your subordinates." Imperial Palace, Hall of Supreme Harmony.

When Zhu Yuanzhang learned that Yang Xian wanted to see him, a look of confusion appeared on his face. He wondered in his heart how could he have time to come to the palace since today was not the day when the Daming Medical College was established.

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Zhu Biao aside.

Because of his busy government affairs, Zhu Biao returned to the palace after delivering a speech at the ceremony, so he did not know the meaning of Yang Xian's visit.

"See Your Majesty, Your Highness the Crown Prince."

"Yang Qing, there is no need to be polite."

Zhu Yuanzhang looked at Yang Xian and asked his doubts.

Yang Xian said: "I am here just for the medical school."

Zhu Yuanzhang knew the significance of the establishment of the medical school, so he naturally fully supported the medical school.

Therefore, after listening to Yang Xian's words, Zhu Yuanzhang said: "If you need our support, just say it. As long as it can be done, I will support you."

When Yang Xian heard this, he first bowed and then said solemnly: "I need the fresh corpses of those executed prisoners for medical anatomy to study medicine and promote the development of medicine."

"The body of a condemned prisoner?"

Zhu Yuanzhang frowned, put down the memorial in his hand, looked up at Yang Xian and said, "You want to dissect the corpses of these prisoners?"

Yang Xian nodded and said: "In order to rapidly develop Ming medicine, the study of anatomy is urgent. Only by allowing our doctors to truly understand the structure of the human body and view all the organs in the human body and their locations in the most intuitive way can we Location and a series of other things can make a qualitative leap in Ming Medicine.”

"Moreover, I will also teach them various surgical procedures, which also require a lot of practice. Only after thousands of trainings on cadavers, can we perform effective and skilled treatment on living people in the future. It is not just ordinary People, surgery is also very important for the treatment of soldiers on the battlefield, and it will greatly reduce the mortality rate of our soldiers in the Ming Dynasty. "

The birth of anatomy can be said to be a huge progress in the history of medicine, but it is undoubtedly difficult to develop this discipline well because it involves very complex things, including human nature.

Zhu Biao on the side said at this time: "Yang Qing, even if it is a death row prisoner, after the execution of the death penalty, in most cases the body will still be returned to their family for collection and burial."

For those who had their heads cut off, after their families collected the bodies, they had to find someone to sew their heads back together.

This also created a special profession in ancient times, the cobbler.

Cobbler is a branch of tailor and cobbler. But this profession is not about mending clothes and jewelry, but about sewing up the corpses of the deceased.

Zhu Biao is talking about most situations.

There is another situation where the family members of prisoners who have committed extremely heinous crimes are not allowed to collect their bodies.

It's just that this kind of criminal, under the torture of our Lao Zhu, can't even preserve a complete corpse, and it can't be used for medical research.

If it were some "benevolent monarchs" in history, it is very likely that they would not agree to Yang Xian's request.

Because since ancient times, our country has always paid attention to one thing, that is, the dead are the most important.

The death penalty is already the most severe punishment. If you do something to their corpses, it would be unjustifiable, and it is very likely that you will be remonstrated by the officials.

But standing in front of Yang Xian was Hongwu Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang.

Yang Xian was fully confident that Zhu Yuanzhang would definitely agree to this.

Because in Zhu Yuanzhang's eyes, the death row prisoners had lost their identity as "human beings", otherwise they would not have invented such torture as peeling daylilies.

What's more, according to Yang Xian, the corpses of these executed prisoners can provide Ming doctors with valuable anatomical experience, allowing Ming medicine to develop rapidly and benefit more people.

In Zhu Yuanzhang's opinion, this was completely a sinister act for these prisoners.

As long as it is beneficial to the development of Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang will agree.

Lao Zhu, who was born at the bottom of society, has his own set of criteria for judging things, and does not care what officials, historians, or even future generations say.

Otherwise, in the original time and space, he would not have personally launched so many killings, causing some thoughtful people in later generations to label him a tyrant.

Zhu Yuanzhang pondered for a moment and then said: "There is no problem with this. From now on, all those death row prisoners who have committed the most heinous crimes should be hanged to death, and then their bodies will be sent to the medical school for your research."

"It's just that there aren't too many criminals like this. I don't know if I can meet your request."

Yang Xian thought for a while and said: "Your Majesty, Your Highness, I will provide you with an idea. Do you think it works? We can make conditions for ordinary death row prisoners. As long as they are willing to donate their bodies after death, the court will Provide a pension to their family members, and at the same time ask the local government to provide their families with some policy benefits, such as taxation, and also promise to build a monument for them to commemorate their contribution to Ming Dynasty medicine.”

"This is too advantageous for them." Zhu Yuanzhang snorted coldly. It was obvious that in Lao Zhu's view, Yang Xian's plan gave too much preferential treatment to death row prisoners.

But Zhu Biao on the side thought this method was very good. He nodded and said, "If we really follow Yang Qing's method, I'm sure there will be many death row prisoners willing to do it."

Death row prisoners are synonymous with crime and shame, but now they can contribute to the country of Ming Dynasty by donating their bodies after death, and their names can be on the monument. What an honor it is.

Not only that, but his family members can also receive material compensation for his death, which also grasps the psychology of many death row inmates.

Many of them feel guilty about their family members.

The point raised by Yang Xian can obviously make them make up for their guilt, or at least make themselves feel better.

Since they were going to die anyway, it was just a matter of donating their bodies, but in return they could get so many benefits. Yang Xian felt that almost no death row inmate would refuse.

That was how it was settled.

The next step is just to formulate a specific implementation plan.

At that time, the Ministry of Justice will directly connect with the medical school. (End of chapter)