Start sweeping the universe by rubbing the CPU with your hands.

This seems to be a side evidence for the speculation of the ruling committee members that "there are things behind the scenes that do not allow human civilization to advance to level five."

However, according to the previous resolution, if this is confirmed, then human civilization will start planning to break away from the Silver Alliance.

But... the significance of this matter is so great that it is even directly related to the fate of human civilization. A slight mistake would result in immediate death and annihilation, and the entire civilization would be removed from the galaxy.

"You have to be more cautious."

After thinking silently for a long time, Liu Yuan slowly spoke: "One sided evidence is not enough to fully confirm our previous guess. We need more evidence."

The ruling committee members nodded silently.

This is not a kid playing guessing the size, it doesn’t matter if you guess wrong.

"Our conjecture is that the malicious founder civilization does not allow us to advance to a fifth-level civilization. In this case, let's test it more directly, and we will directly attack the dark force theory!"

Han Yang made up his mind.

Although human civilization at the current stage has not yet fully digested the technology from the Yunguang Civilization, let alone truly transformed what it has learned into productivity and combat effectiveness, it has reached the height of the Yunguang Civilization in some branches of technology. .

At this level, it is already possible to conduct tentative research on the dark force theory from some unimportant aspects.

Under the arrangements of the ruling committee, the space carrier of the fifth-level civilization was mobilized again and began to carry some scientific researchers and a large number of experimental devices. It left the solar system with rumbling artillery and flew towards the direction of Corona Australis. go.

The number of human scientists who left the solar system on this space carrier was around 20,000. Counting some logistics, support, and industrial personnel, the total number reached 50,000.

Of course, these 50,000 people are all dummies operated by Han Yang, not a single real person.

This journey was fraught with danger, and it was very likely that they would all die in the vast sea of ​​stars. Han Yang was reluctant to let real scientists take such a big risk.

About five years later, with a change of light and shadow, the space carrier appeared in the vast space.

It is about 470 light-years from the solar system. Like the rest of interstellar space, this place is vast, empty, cold and dark.

However, detection equipment shows that the various radiations in this area are abnormally strong, even stronger than the radiation around blue giant stars.

As we all know, as the most massive type of star, blue giants have ultra-high brightness and ultra-strong radiation.

Lighter nuclides such as hydrogen react violently inside the blue giant at a rate even millions of times that of ordinary stars like the sun.

Such intense temperature and brightness bring about super strong stellar winds, making blue giants like sprinklers, throwing matter into space all the time.

There are even some extreme blue giant stars whose brightness can even reach or exceed the Eddington luminosity limit.

Light is also stressful. When light shines on an object, it will exert pressure on the object. In the Earth Age, people also imagined creating huge light sails and using the light pressure of sunlight to conduct space navigation.

Once the brightness of a star reaches the Eddington luminosity limit, the light pressure of the light released by the star itself will exceed the constraint of the star's own gravity on its own material.

Therefore, simply driven by light pressure, stellar matter can break away from its own gravity and be thrown into interstellar space on a large scale.

Some of the more violent blue giant stars can throw an entire Earth's mass into space into space in one second.

All this mass will turn into a stream of high-energy charged particles, sweeping across the entire galaxy just like the dwarf planet detonated by Han Yang through a gravity bomb.

It is conceivable how powerful the radiation around the blue giant star will be and how harsh the environment will be.

That is a place that no spacecraft created by the fourth-level human civilization is willing to go near.

At this moment, this space is clearly dark, and no stars can be seen at all, but the environment here is even worse than that around the blue giant.

High-energy gamma rays, X-rays, various nuclear radiations, extremely fast charged particle flows, etc., sweep across this vast and empty space.

Fortunately, all the scientific research spacecraft that came aboard the space carrier this time have made the most complete preparations, so that they can survive in this space at this time.

Leaving the space carrier, a total of hundreds of spacecraft of various types began to move forward slowly.

As the distance shortens, a dim planet appears in the telescope lens in the visible light band.

This is a very strange planet.

Under the current magnification of the telescope, stars that are several light-years away can show a disk-like shape instead of a small point of light.

But the distance of this planet is only a few hundred billion kilometers, less than 0.1 light-year, but when it appears in the telescope lens, it is still a small bright spot, with no shape at all.

The distance is getting closer again, but it is still a small bright spot.

This means it has an extremely small size. However, it is the only macroscopic star that exists in this star field.

The reliable equipment on the spacecraft detected a gravitational environment equivalent to that created by a star with a mass of 0.9 times the sun. And, the radiation environment in this star field is unmatched by even blue giant stars. Apart from it, there are really no other candidates.

The mass is so huge, the radiation is so intense, but the volume...is so small?
The scientific research spacecraft approached again, and with the help of the anti-radiation equipment turned on at full power, it finally arrived at a place just over one million kilometers away from it without incident. It was not until this distance that the telescope completely captured its disc-shaped structure.

It is a tiny star with a radius of only 18 kilometers.

It is a neutron star.

In the star catalog of human civilization, it is numbered RXJ185635-3754, located in the direction of Corona Australis, about 470 light-years away.

In the entire universe, it is the closest neutron star to the solar system.

About a million years ago, when primitive humans were still in the Stone Age, its predecessor, a white subgiant star with a mass of about 2.6 times that of the sun, reached the end of its life and exploded as a supernova.

Most of the material that made up the star was blown apart by the explosion, which could almost be called the most violent physical process in the universe, and was thrown directly into space. The core, which is about 0.9 times the mass of the sun, was directly compressed into this tiny star with a radius of only 18 kilometers due to the extreme internal compression caused by the explosion.

Its electrons were pushed directly into the nucleus, merging with protons to form neutrons.

In this process, not to mention the electromagnetic force, even the electron degeneracy pressure cannot resist.

Therefore, this entire planet is composed entirely of neutrons. Moreover, the neutrons are also densely compressed together, with almost no gaps between them.

For normal matter, the gap between the nucleus and electrons occupies more than 99% of the entire atomic volume. In other words, normal matter is actually "hollow".

Tables, chairs, steamed buns, bread, noodles, water, gold, silver, copper and iron...

Wait, wait, all normal matter is actually hollow.

But neutron stars are different. There is no such gap inside it.

As a result, neutron stars have extremely high densities.

The density of a white dwarf is about several tons per cubic centimeter. However, the density of one cubic centimeter of neutron star material can be as high as tens of millions of times that of a white dwarf, reaching a mass of about 100 million tons or even higher.

Compared to a white dwarf, the density of normal matter is as thin as a vacuum. But compared to neutron stars, white dwarfs are as thin as a vacuum.

Such a huge mass and such a tiny volume give neutron stars extremely terrifying surface gravity.

Just like the neutron star currently selected as the target by the human scientific research fleet, its surface gravity is billions of times that of the earth. If the rotation of the neutron star and the effects of relativity are not taken into account, its gravitational acceleration even exceeds the speed of light.

Even if the relativistic effect is introduced as a correction, the escape velocity of this neutron star has reached about 15 kilometers per second, reaching one-half the speed of light.

That is, for an object to escape from the surface of a neutron star, its speed must reach half the speed of light. Otherwise, it will be bound to the neutron star and will never be able to escape.

The other side of escape velocity is the upper limit of the speed at which a star's gravitational field can accelerate foreign objects.

For example, the escape velocity of the Earth is 11.2 kilometers per second. That is to say, if an object falls to the earth from a high place, no matter how high its original position is, the maximum speed at which it hits the earth can only reach 11.2 kilometers per second without considering the effects of air resistance and other effects.

The escape velocity of this neutron star reaches 15 kilometers per second, that is, it can accelerate objects falling towards it to a speed of 15 kilometers per second.

How much energy can a person burst out?

In an ordinary environment, human power is extremely limited, and it can only lift up to a hundred kilograms of objects. When converted into energy, it is only about one thousand joules.

But if this person is willing to go out and want to burst out with more powerful energy, then neutron stars are an excellent choice.

He doesn't need to do anything else but jump to the neutron star. The gravitational acceleration of the neutron star will automatically accelerate it to a speed of 0.5 times the speed of light, and then cause it to slam into the neutron star.

At this speed, an ordinary person weighing 70KG will release approximately 7.88*10^17 joules of energy through a collision with a neutron star. As for the famous Tsar Bomba in the Earth Age, the total energy released after its explosion was only about 4.2*10^17 Joules, which is only about half of this number.

As a result, the neutron star, a higher platform, has allowed an ordinary person to explode energy far beyond his own limit.

Neutron stars are such extreme, extreme, and magical stars.

Now Han Yang has determined that the mystery of the dark force theory, a theory that describes the underlying operating laws of the universe in a deeper level, is hidden around this magical star.

Han Yang knew that dark force theory was mainly used to describe dark matter and dark energy.

In addition to the four basic forces, the strong force, the weak force, the electromagnetic force, and gravity, dark force can probably be regarded as the fifth basic force.

This fundamental force has shaped the current pattern of dark matter and dark energy.

As early as the second-level civilization stage, human scientists already knew that the combined mass of the thousands of stars, vast dust, huge river systems, and so on, all visible matter in the universe only accounts for the total mass of the entire universe. About 20% of energy.

The remaining 80% is all dark matter and dark energy.

If we want to have a deeper understanding of the underlying operating laws of the universe, dark matter and dark energy are a threshold that cannot be bypassed.

It is necessary to have a deep enough understanding of these two, to understand their existence forms and operating rules, to find a complete set of theories to describe them, and to unify them under the same framework as the previous four fundamental forces. Learn more about the universe.

This is the dark force theory. Once you master the dark force theory, you can become a level five civilization.

Dark matter has a very peculiar property. It is invisible and intangible, and more mysterious than neutrinos. At present, it can only be confirmed that there is only gravitational interaction between dark matter and apparent matter, and there is no other mechanism of action.

Therefore, if you want to detect dark matter, it has become inevitable to find a place with a strong gravitational field as a test site.

Although the gravitational field of a white dwarf is extremely strong, it still cannot meet the requirements. The gravitational field of the black hole is sufficient, but based on the principle of hairlessness of black holes, Han Yang cannot observe the internal changes of the black hole and is also ruled out.

As a result, neutron stars have become the only alternative to charge towards the dark force theory.

Its gravitational field is strong enough, but not so strong that even light cannot escape. Han Yang can still detect the changes occurring inside it through some means. Therefore, Han Yang did not hesitate to sail hundreds of light years away and came to Next to this neutron star.

Next to this small but powerful planet with the power to destroy the world, people's scientific research bases and spaceships are rotating crazily around it at speeds of up to 10 kilometers per second, almost every minute or so. It rotated in one circle, and under the influence of the slow effect of the relativistic clock, and under the influence of thick armor and radiation protection layer, tentative research on it was launched.

This is the first time in the history of human civilization that research on dark matter and dark energy has a clear purpose and a certain foundation.

However, in Han Yang's view, the current research cannot even be considered preliminary research. In contrast to the impact on the theory of universality of the fourth-level civilization and the true unification of gravity, the research on the dark force theory at this moment can barely be regarded as Newton just seeing an apple fall in front of him.

He has not even mastered classical mechanics, let alone special and general relativity and quantum mechanics. We have not even mastered this, let alone the subsequent grand unified theory and theory of everything.

But this is a clear signal. This is a signal that human civilization is not willing to be trapped in the fourth-level civilization stage and is launching an attack on a higher level.

Tens of thousands of people started data collection and analysis under Han Yang's control. The rest of Han Yang's attention was paying close attention to the external situation. (End of chapter)