Popular science says oxygen is poisonous, and the whole internet scolds me for being sick

Saint Louis was reborn in order to break through once again.

Because Saint Louis's strength had long since reached the level of a Radiant Life Form.

No one could tell that Saint Louis was over two hundred years old.

Regardless of the era.

Humans who are over two hundred years old are incredible beings.

Apart from some extraordinary life forms.

It is already extremely rare for a normal human to live past 120 years old.

Many people simply don't live to that age.

Not to mention he's over two hundred years old.

But it is recorded in the Bible.

People in the West used to be able to live
For hundreds of years or more.

For example, Methuselah, as recorded in the Bible.

He is the son of Enoch, the seventh-generation descendant of Adam, as recorded in the Hebrew Bible.

Enoch was the one who walked with God and wrote the Book of Enoch.

Humans at that time had very long lifespans.

In the magical world of Europe, they possess magic.

It allows them to get close to nature.

According to their theory, magic is the energy of nature.

According to the most primitive Western theory of elements.

Everything in the world is composed of four elements.

Earth's energy, water, and fire.

The theory of elements has influenced Western philosophical concepts for a long time.

Even in modern times, people are curious.

What exactly is the world made of?

What are the most fundamental substances that make up the world?

Thales, hailed as the first philosopher of the West, lived around 500 BC.

It was proposed that everything in the universe is composed of water as a basic element.

The human body contains water; humans are made of water.

In winter, water can freeze into ice; this is solid water.

When it's hot, the water turns into a gaseous state and disappears into the sky.

It's all water.

Therefore, Thales believed that everything was made of water.

Water exists in three unique forms.

Gaseous, liquid, and solid states.

Thales believed that everything was formed through such transformations.

Although we now know that such a view was incredibly foolish.

How could everything in the world be made of water?

However, for Western philosophy, this was a major breakthrough.

From myth to reason.

This was the first time that natural causes were used to explain the world.

Instead of interpreting the world from the perspective of gods.

The world was not created by any god, but was formed from the most basic element: water.

Although from our modern perspective, this is quite ridiculous.

But this is a breakthrough from zero to one.

It also marks the birth of Western philosophy.

This is why Thales is considered the first philosopher of the West.

Many later Western philosophers were influenced by Thales.

For example, Thales' student, Anaximander.

They believed that the basic element could not be water.

Rather, it is some kind of substance unknown to us.

Because something like stone obviously cannot be made of water.

Everything in the world must be composed of some kind of uncertain, infinite matter.

Anaximander, however, did not know what this uncertain substance was.

That's what inheritance is all about.

Anaximander's student, Anaximenes.

He inherited the teachings of his teacher and grandmaster.

This was actually the beginning of the academic cliques in the Western world.

It is both an inheritance and a monopoly.

After all, the things that the previous generation researched are best passed down between teachers and students.

As long as your founding ancestor has any extraordinary achievements in this area.

As his student, you will inevitably inherit all of his research.

If this continues generation after generation, no one will ever be able to surpass you.

Any achievements will inevitably originate from your lineage. Your school has thus established a certain academic authority and monopoly.

Anaximenes further analyzed that the basic element was air.

Air diluted into fire, concentrated into wind, wind concentrated into clouds, clouds concentrated into water, water concentrated into stone, and then all of these constitute all things.

This concept is remarkably similar to that of ancient my country.

Qi is the fundamental element that makes up all things in the world.

Later, Heraclitus proposed that fire was the foundation of all things.

Everything is in a constant state of change.

Later, Empedocles synthesized various previous interpretations.

Earth element has been added to it.

This led to the initial theory of the four elements: earth, water, and fire.

Some novels like to use terms like earth, wind, water, and fire.

Later, Democritus proposed the concept of the atom.

It is believed that everything is composed of an indivisible, smallest unit of matter.

He called this thing an atom.

In modern science, the atom is simply an application of this ancient concept.

Later, it was further developed that Pythagoras believed that everything in the world was composed of numbers.

In other words, the entire world is made up of numbers, and the entire world is composed of non-material elements.

Plato visualized the Sue element and viewed it from a geometric perspective.

It is believed that the atomic shapes that make up the four elements are regular polyhedra that reflect their properties.

There are 5 types of regular polyhedra, and there is no element that corresponds to the regular dodecahedron.

Plato said that the fifth element was the element that the gods used to arrange the constellations in the sky.

Clearly, Plato himself did not explain what the fifth element was.

Later, Plato's student, Aristotle, further developed his theory of the four elements.

The fifth element is believed to be an entity called ether, which corresponds to the dodecahedron.

This is the most primitive theory of the four elements in the West.

If we were to name the greatest philosopher in the Western world...

That would undoubtedly be Plato.

The entire history of Western philosophy is a footnote to Plato, and Plato is a footnote to Thales.

He was the first to say 'all things are one,' and from then on, humanity began to measure the world with thought.

It is easy to imagine how important Thales's position was in the West.

Thales is the legendary One, the One that gave birth to all things.

The theoretical foundation of Western mysticism also originates from the theory of the four elements.

Western alchemy and similar practices were all developed based on this.

Magic, of course, goes without saying, is no exception.

Aristotle's version of the four elements theory is self-consistent.

This theory can explain why the universe is so orderly, centered on the blue planet.

The heaviest element is soil, which forms the core of the Earth.

Water is lighter and covers the Earth's surface.

The air and fire are lighter, enveloping the earth or rising upwards.

Ether is the lightest element, located in the sky, and orbits the blue planet.

It seemed as if they had found the truth of the world.

Here, one is the pure element that makes up celestial bodies.

In Christianity, ether is equivalent to the substance of heaven.

Alchemy once held that ether was the vessel for the Philosopher's Stone.

Later, during the scientific revolution.

Descartes' mechanical ether theory posits that ether is an "invisible fluid" that transmits light and planetary motion, and that it fills the universe.

The luminous ether in Newton's physics.

They believe that ether is the medium through which light propagates.

In the later Maxwell's equations.

Light has been proven to be an electromagnetic wave, requiring the ether as a vibration medium.

Extremely rigid, yet massless.

The Michelson-Morley experiment then proved that the speed of light is isotropic.

The ether that scientists have been so eager to discover does not exist.

Then Einstein proposed the special theory of relativity.

Since the speed of light is constant and there is no need for an absolute frame of reference, ether is an unnecessary existence.

The subsequent development of quantum field theory revealed that the vacuum is not empty.

Modern quantum vacuum fluctuations are similar to ether, but are essentially fields rather than matter.

In modern times, the unknown dark matter and dark energy have been described by some as a new ether.

In mysticism, ether is considered a kind of spiritual energy.

Ether seems dead, yet it lingers in physics like a ghost. (End of Chapter)