The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

Chapter 213 The Beginning of the First Industrial Revolution

The next day, ancient people from all dynasties were particularly looking forward to this morning.

There is no other reason, just because it won’t be long before you can see the beauty of Jenny’s spinning machine.

The host praised Spinning Jenny so much, which shows how powerful Jenny Spinning is.

Since ancient times, the most important thing for the ancient people of each dynasty was to have food to eat and clothing to wear, which was also what the rulers of each dynasty pursued.

Now we no longer have to worry about having food to eat. In the near future, every common person in every dynasty will be able to have enough to eat.

After all, I have grabbed so many high-yielding grain seeds before, and I can plant just a few to satisfy a family of old snacks.

It is estimated that within a few years, every household will be able to grow high-yield grain seeds.

There is no need to worry about eating, now we have to consider dressing.

As everyone's life becomes more promising and life gets better and better, the demand for cloth will inevitably usher in a spurt of development.

Judging from the current situation, due to backward technology, the cloth produced will be far from meeting everyone's needs.

At this time, the Jenny Spinning Machine that the anchor swore to praise came in handy.

According to the anchor, the Jenny spinning machine can greatly improve the efficiency of spinning, dozens of times higher than the original one.

As more yarn is spun, the amount of weaving will naturally increase to meet everyone's clothing needs.

And more importantly, high-yield cotton seeds are also available, and they can be planted all over the country in a few years.

By that time, there was more cotton as raw material, more yarn produced by the spinning jenny, more cloth could be woven, and everyone could have clothes to wear.

Compared to others, businessmen from various dynasties looked forward to the spinning jenny more.

They deeply understand that once the Jenny Spinning Machine comes out, there will be a huge demand and countless people will rush to grab it.

They have already found highly skilled craftsmen, and after the video of Jenny Spinning Machine is finished playing, they will immediately organize manpower to start production.

With such a good opportunity to make money, no businessman in any dynasty is willing to miss this opportunity to make a fortune.

Not long after, the introduction of the Jenny Spinning Machine began with everyone's much-anticipated anticipation.

[At first, our ancestors discovered that grass or small branches could be twisted into ropes.

It can be used to make fishing nets, tie things up, build thatched houses, make canoes, tie grass skirts or animal clothing. It can be used to record events before the birth of writing.

People chose plants such as bird and animal skins and kudzu, and twisted the rope into thinner and thinner ropes.

They twisted the rope around until it became a piece instead of a ball.

People's diligent exploration paid off, and they could finally get rid of leaf and animal skins and have simple clothes to wear, and the era of weaving began.

In the late primitive society, with the development of agriculture and animal husbandry.

People gradually learned to grow hemp, raise sheep for wool, and raise silkworms for silk. Primitive weaving tools such as bone needles and spinning wheels appeared. This was the primitive stage of textiles.

The first leap in the history of textiles was manual mechanization, characterized by manual machines such as reeling, spinning, and weaving. China completed it around the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and its leading momentum continued until the 18th century.

The process of grinding a fluffy ball of wool, linen or cotton into thread is called spinning.

If it is silk, this process is called reeling.

Silk is soft and elastic, smooth and elegant, and has excellent physical properties.

The breaking strength is even close to that of steel wire, the abrasion resistance is good, and it is easy to dye, but the durability is poor and it is afraid of exposure to the sun.

Silkworms are very solid when spinning silk, shaking their heads back and forth non-stop, so the silk is very long, which can be more than a thousand meters long, until it wraps itself into a rugby-shaped cocoon.

The silkworm cocoons are crystal clear and fall apart after being boiled in boiling water.

The ends of the silk are soaked and can be pulled out directly. Several silks stand upright and can be directly led to the runner to make silk thread. This machine is called a reeling machine. 】

Yongzheng: According to this, Chinese textiles have always led the world, and it was not surpassed by the West until my Qing Dynasty.

The leading momentum of hand-made machines such as reeling, spinning, and weaving continued until the eighteenth century, and it was not surpassed until his time.

This made him feel somewhat unhappy, as if the responsibility for being surpassed by the West lay with him.

Although it was not stated clearly in the video, he could more or less guess.

He has some understanding of the situation in the West and knows that the West is undergoing great changes.

He has always maintained a nonchalant attitude about the turmoil happening in the West at the moment.

As long as it does not affect the Qing Dynasty and his rule, he does not want to pay attention to the West.

But I'm afraid it won't work now. If the Western textile industry really surpasses the Qing Dynasty, this will not be a good thing for the Qing Dynasty.

Through the information revealed in some previous videos, he also roughly knew that it was during this period that the West slowly surpassed the Qing Dynasty, so that in the end the West traveled thousands of miles to invade the Qing Dynasty.

In order to prevent such a tragedy from happening again, he must take some measures to deal with it.

Now is a good time to use the Jenny Spinning Machine directly.

In this way, we can always stay ahead of the West to avoid the impact of the Western textile industry on the Qing Dynasty in the future.

Thinking of this, he looked at the officials below who had already prepared pens, inks, paper and inkstones, and felt relieved.

The Jenny Spinning Machine could greatly improve spinning efficiency. He specially asked officials to prepare records so that it could be promoted nationwide on a large scale.

[More significant is cotton, which originated in South Asia, East Africa and central America. Indians were the first to weave cotton thread from cotton fibers.

Cotton cultivation gradually spread throughout the world and also to China.

In the eighteenth century, China's cotton industry was second only to India and became the world's most important cotton industry center.

In this process, there were two important figures, Huang Daopo and Zhu Yuanzhang.

Huang Daopo was a famous reformer of cotton spinning technology in the late Song Dynasty and early Yuan Dynasty.

When Huang Daopo lived in Hainan, he learned cotton spinning technology from Li women.

After returning to his hometown, he actively taught skills, innovated tools, and promoted cotton cultivation.

Revolutionary innovations have been made in each process of elasticity, spinning and weaving in the cotton spinning industry, playing an important role in promoting the development of the cotton spinning industry in the Yangtze River Basin.

The Yangtze River Delta region became a cotton planting base and textile center, gradually forming urban agglomerations, which had a profound impact on the economic prosperity of Jiangnan during the Ming and Qing dynasties.

At the beginning of the Ming Dynasty, Zhu Yuanzhang, who had been exposed to cold weather since childhood, vigorously promoted cotton.

Zhu Yuanzhang issued a decree requiring farmers across the country to have a certain amount of cotton land and launched a tax-free policy.

The results of cotton planting are used to evaluate local officials and print and promote agricultural books. I can't wait to teach them step by step.

During Zhu Yuanzhang's reign, there was a bumper cotton harvest every year, and cotton began to break through geographical restrictions and was planted all over the country.

The cotton mobilization in the early Ming Dynasty had a profound impact. Cotton textile products changed from luxury goods to daily necessities for ordinary people.

At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, the Ming Dynasty, which had a poor people's livelihood, gradually achieved the glory of a prosperous people and a strong country. 】

Huang Daopo: I just did an ordinary thing, but I didn’t expect it to be remembered by history.

Seeing her name appear in the sky, Huang Daopo was surprised and even more excited.

Being able to appear in the video means being recorded in history and leaving a mark in history.

She didn't expect that she, an ordinary old woman, would be treated like an immortal woman. She was somewhat flattered and couldn't imagine what she was seeing.

People around Huang Daopo congratulated her one after another, and their envious little eyes made Huang Daopo full of joy.

She had never been treated with such respect by everyone before.

When she taught cotton weaving skills to everyone before, she was never as respected as she is today.

At this moment, he felt that all the efforts he had made in teaching his skills without any consideration in return were worth it.

At this moment, she secretly made up her mind to be more active in teaching cotton textile skills in the coming years, so that she could be worthy of leaving her mark in history.

Zhu Yuanzhang: It is precisely because we know the importance of cotton that we work so hard to promote cotton, so that one day the people of Ming Dynasty will not have to suffer from the cold.

Only by experiencing the feeling of freezing in cold weather can you understand the importance of cotton.

He did not want the people of the Ming Dynasty to suffer such embarrassment, so he made the promotion of cotton a top priority in the Ming Dynasty's government affairs.

Fortunately, with his unremitting promotion, the people of Ming Dynasty could finally afford cotton.

[The spinning wheel is definitely one of China’s greatest inventions, with a history of more than a thousand years.

It has only four parts: wooden frame, nails, rope pulley and handle. It is easy to operate. It has been widely used and has not been eliminated until now.

The spinner sat nearby, turning the rope pulley with one hand, causing the spindle to rotate.

Hold the cotton yarn sliver with the other hand. After pulling it out to a certain distance, the cotton sliver is rotated and rolled into yarn. The force cannot be too strong and the distance cannot be far. This action is called twisting.

The spinners twisted the cotton while rocking the spinning wheel until the sun set in the west and the moonlight slanted in the west. The time was slow and leisurely.

As a symbol of agricultural civilization, this hand-operated spinning wheel has accompanied mankind through the long years.

It is constantly evolving. First, a connecting rod crank was used to make a pedal spinning wheel, and the pedal was used to drive the rope pulley to rotate to complete the rolling and drafting work. It appeared around the Eastern Jin Dynasty.

Huang Daopo's improved three-spindle pedal spinning wheel has good performance and is easy to operate, so it is widely used.

In the late Southern Song Dynasty, large water-driven spinning wheels appeared that were driven by water and were used to process linen yarn and silk.

The impact of water flow drives the spinning wheel to run, and the number of spindles on the large spinning wheel is as many as dozens.

What's even more awesome is that the spindle can be rotated while retreating to draw out the thread, and twisting and winding can be performed at the same time.

This function is more powerful than the Western spinning Jenny. It has the prototype of modern spinning machinery and is more than 400 years earlier than Western water conservancy and textile machinery.

In the stage of manual machine weaving, Dongfang has reached a very high level and has been alone for a long time. 】

Liu Che: Quick, record the drawings of the three-spindle pedal spinning wheel and the large water-spun spinning wheel.

In the video, the spinning wheel is demonstrated and explained at the same time.

Liu Che was afraid of being a step too late, so he quickly asked the clerk who had been waiting for a long time to record it.

Although these spinning wheels are not spinning jenny, they are also new objects that appeared in the dynasties after the Han Dynasty.

Whether it was the Southern Song Dynasty or the Yuan Dynasty, the Han Dynasty was thousands of years old.

This also means that these spinning wheels are much more advanced than the big man's, and he can take this opportunity to improve his spinning wheel technology.

This has to be said to be an unexpected gain. Before the Jenny Spinning Machine came out, the production drawings of two spinning wheels were already harvested.

The clerk he hired was very talented in memory and could have a photographic memory.

After the clerk finished the painting, he looked at it carefully and was very satisfied. It could be said that it was accurate.

Businessmen in the dynasties before the Southern Song Dynasty were all surprised.

The moment the drawings of the spinning wheel appeared, they had them recorded.

With the drawings in hand, it is easy to make a spinning wheel.

They were especially delighted to see the large water-spinning spinning wheel powered by water.

The impact of the water flow drives the spinning wheel, and there are dozens of spindles on the large spinning wheel. Just thinking about that scene is exciting.

If such a water-powered spinning wheel is manufactured, it will be snapped up by many people, allowing them to make a lot of money.

If it weren't for the big event later and the Spinning Jenny hadn't made its debut yet, they would have wanted to start building the spinning wheel now.

[Unfortunately, the second leap in textile technology did not appear in the East, but originated in Britain.

It featured power machines and triggered the modern industrial revolution. In the Middle Ages, the woolen textile industry emerged in Britain. British woolen products were welcomed by various countries and monopolized the European market.

Driven by profits, businessmen invested heavily in the wool textile industry.

The British social structure gradually differentiated, and the famous enclosure movement emerged.

Many landless farmers became shepherds, shearers, and spinners, providing cheap labor and laying the foundation for the later Industrial Revolution.

After the Ottoman Empire blocked maritime trade, Europe had to find new routes.

After some adventures, British ships arrived at the Mughal Empire in India at its peak.

At this time, Indian cotton flourished, accounting for a quarter of the global textile trade and being exported to the Americas and Japan.

The annual tax revenue reached 100 million taels of silver, more than ten times that of the Ming Dynasty during the same period. It controlled a quarter of the global economy and was known as India's last golden age.

Exquisite Indian cotton products swept the world market, and Britain was plunged into a sea of ​​Indian textile products, causing a fatal impact on the economy.

The British banned the sale of Indian cotton cloth in the country, levied high tariffs, and encouraged domestic businessmen to invest in the cotton textile industry. Fierce competition began.

Europe did not produce cotton and there was not enough labor, so Britain had to work on production efficiency.

The government formulates various policies to encourage inventions, and the cotton textile industry has the most inventions.

In the next hundred years, the British cotton textile industry continued to undergo technological innovations and realized the industrialization of the cotton textile industry.

From 1785 to 1850, British cotton product production increased 350 times.

Britain gradually won the competition with India and monopolized the entire world market for cotton products.

The innovation of the cotton spinning industry led to the industrial revolution. After a hundred years of operation, the British, who had opened up the two lines of government and government, finally turned India into a colony and became the jewel in the crown of the Queen of England. 】

Zhu Yuanzhang: Good guy, India's annual tax revenue has reached 100 million taels of silver, which is more than ten times that of the Ming Dynasty at the same time. This is not bad, no, we can no longer implement the maritime ban policy, our Ming Dynasty also needs a share of the pie.

He had previously ordered a maritime ban and no trade with overseas countries, mainly because of the situation.

The Ming Dynasty had just been established, and the north had not yet been completely pacified.

At this time, Japanese pirates were rampant along the southeastern coast. Although they did not pose a big harm, they were still a trouble.

Therefore, in order to concentrate on wiping out the remnants in the north, the sea ban was ordered to ignore the Japanese pirates for the time being.

But now that he knows that the overseas cotton textile market is so amazing, he must participate in it no matter what, and cannot let India monopolize the profits.

The Ming Dynasty now cultivates cotton extensively and has no worries about supply.

As long as we open up overseas markets and sell cotton overseas, we can definitely make a lot of money.

With the current strength of Ming Dynasty, it is not afraid of competing with India at all. It can definitely defeat India, seize the overseas cotton market, and bring countless money back to Ming Dynasty.

Even the British could turn India into a colony, but their Ming dynasty might not be able to do so.

He had seen the geographical location of Britain on the world map, which was much smaller than the Ming Dynasty.

Such a small country can colonize the vast area of ​​India, and his Ming Dynasty can also do the same.

[In 1730, the reel spinning machine invented by John White not only significantly improved production efficiency, but also made spinning work suitable for women and children, expanding the scope of labor participation.

In 1733, British engineer John Kay created the flying shuttle, which greatly improved the efficiency of the loom and once again proved the role of technology in promoting productivity.

However, compared with this efficient weaving technology, improvements in spinning machines have been slow to follow.

The traditional spinning wheel gradually became obsolete and failed to adapt to the new speed.

This resulted in demand for cotton yarn exceeding supply, with market demand rising rapidly and purchase prices rising accordingly.

British overseas merchandise sales continue to increase, but the supply of production technology in manual factories seems to be insufficient.

In order to increase production, people have begun to improve production technology.

In the field of cotton textiles, the invention of flying shuttle weaving tools became a breakthrough, which greatly increased the weaving speed and also stimulated the demand for cotton yarn.

In the mid-eighteenth century, the invention of the flying shuttle accelerated the speed of weaving and stimulated demand for cotton yarn.

At this time, British spinning machines were similar to those in China, but more cumbersome.

Cotton yarn requires many household spinning wheels to spin slowly. The purchase price is high, and the supply of cotton yarn exceeds demand. 】

The shuttle demonstration in the video made the eyes of ancient people from all dynasties bright and deeply inspiring.

Especially those women who weave cloth at home, when they see the shuttle, they seem to see a good treasure.

But it is true that the flying shuttle is really a treasure for the loom.

Laymen may not understand the mystery, but for those of them who often deal with looms, the flying shuttle is simply a great tool for weaving.

The design of this shuttle is very clever, which can greatly widen the fabric surface.

In the past, using an ordinary shuttle required the cooperation of two people.

But now with the flying shuttle, one person can complete the weaving work, and can weave wider pieces of cloth than before.

In short, with the shuttle, the weaving speed can be made faster and the weaving efficiency can be greatly improved.

For those craftsmen who made looms, the emergence of the flying shuttle made them suddenly realize that it seemed to open the door to a new world.

They had to admire the ingenuity of later generations for being able to think of such wonderful things.

It is not difficult to make a shuttle. They can understand what is going on at a glance and can easily make it.

[One day in 1765, the British weaver Hargreaves accidentally knocked over the old spinning machine at home.

When he saw the overturned spinning wheels and spindles still spinning, he was greatly inspired.

He suddenly thought that if several spindles were arranged vertically and driven by only one spinning wheel, wouldn't it be possible to spin more yarn at once?

After some hard work, he built a new spinning machine that used a spinning wheel to drive eight vertical spindles, and the efficiency suddenly increased by eight times.

He named the machine after his daughter and called it the Spinning Jenny.

The working principle of the Jenny spinning machine is to use the intermittent twisting spinning method. Its unique feature is that it does not wind during twisting and does not twist during winding.

The cotton sliver is wound around the spindle, and as the spindle rotates, the twisting process is completed.

At the same time, the spinner holds the sliver firmly in one hand and drafts it.

Once twisting and drafting are complete, the spun yarn is wound back to the back end of the spindle.

Later, Hargreaves jointly opened a spinning workshop in Nottingham, using the unpatented Jenny spinning machine to produce high-quality knitting yarn.

Business prospered and the reputation of the machine spread.

However, the emergence of the spinning jenny blocked many people's financial opportunities, and many hand spinners were panicked and angry.

They burst into Hargreaves' home, smashed his machinery, set fire to his house, and drove them out of the town.

Hargreaves worked hard to improve the spinning jenny, and the couple obtained a patent in 1768. Six years later, the spinning jenny could reach eighty spindles.

Before the invention of the spinning jenny, the British textile industry used traditional, old-fashioned spinning wheels.

Invented in the early 16th century, spinning was carried out by using artificial foot pedals to drive the spinning wheel to rotate.

This kind of spinning wheel can perform two tasks of twisting cotton thread and winding cotton thread at the same time, but the productivity is low and it consumes a lot of manpower.

The Spinning Jenny greatly improved spinning efficiency and was the first invention with far-reaching impact in the cotton textile industry.

The emergence of the spinning jenny enabled the establishment of large-scale weaving factories and marked the beginning of the British Industrial Revolution. 】

Li Shimin: This is the secret of the Jenny Spinning Machine. I see. I didn’t expect it to be so simple. Why didn’t I think of it before?

Seeing the demonstration animation of Jenny's spinning machine, he immediately understood the key.

It turns out that the principle is so simple, you just need to arrange the spindles vertically.

Although he had never spun yarn, he often saw the queen spinning when she had nothing to do.

It was because of this that he understood what a spinning machine looked like.

In current spinning machines, the spindles are placed horizontally, and the spinning speed is indeed not fast.

As long as there are more spindles arranged vertically, the spinning efficiency will be higher.

Thinking of this, he immediately asked the craftsman who had been waiting for a long time to make a spinning Jenny.

The principle of the spinning Jenny is already known, and with the detailed demonstration in the video, it is not difficult to make a spinning Jenny.

Some businessmen from various dynasties were smiling from ear to ear, as if they saw gold, silver and jewelry waving to them.

After seeing what the spinning jenny was all about, they were extremely confident that they could make it.

With a clear idea, not to mention eighty spindles, even a hundred spindles can be produced.

The production efficiency of a spinning Jenny is much higher than that of one person, and it can handle the workload of dozens of people.

They believed that once they developed the spinning jenny, they would not have to worry about customers at all.

[The invention of the spinning jenny triggered a series of inventions in the field of cotton textile production.

Although the spinning jenny improved efficiency, it had flaws. The yarn it spun was thin and easy to break.

In 1769, Richard invented the reel spinning machine, which used water power instead of manual drive.

This new machine not only saved manpower, but also spun stronger and tougher yarn, successfully overcoming the shortcomings of the Jenny spinning machine.

In 1779, Samuel, who was a child laborer, invented the spindle spinning machine, which combined the characteristics of the Jenny machine and the water-powered spinning machine.

In 1784, the improved spinning machine realized a spinning wheel with eighty spindles, and began to be driven by water power and steam engines.

With the emergence of efficient production methods, inefficient producers are gradually eliminated, resulting in an irreversible growth trend in industrial product output.

Starting from the spinning jenny, the British cotton textile industry has greatly improved labor productivity, promoted the development of commerce and transportation, accelerated the process of urbanization, and greatly changed human life.

The spinning jenny had an important status. It was more than just a simple machine. Water-powered spinning mills began to appear along the river.

The invention of the spinning Jenny marked the beginning of the first industrial revolution and had far-reaching historical significance. The curtain of modern industrialization was also slowly opening.

First of all, the emergence of this machine has greatly automated the spinning process and greatly improved production efficiency.

A large amount of cotton thread can be spun at one time, which increases the production capacity by eight times compared with traditional spinning wheels. This means that the rapidly increasing fiber output provides sufficient raw materials for the weaving industry.

Secondly, because the spinning Jenny machine can spin multiple cotton threads at one time, it promoted the large-scale and mechanized production of weaving factories, leading to the rapid rise of large-scale weaving factories.

This resulted in an explosion of productivity and unprecedented opportunities for business and manufacturing.

In addition, the application of the Jenny spinning machine also accelerated the transfer of labor, from manual production to mechanical production, laying the foundation for the establishment of a new industrial system.

The introduction of this technology marked the beginning of the first industrial revolution, laid the foundation for the subsequent wave of industrialization, and had a profound and positive impact on the development of economy and science and technology. 】

Everyone who got the Jenny spinning machine manufacturing method was not over happy yet, two improved versions of spinning machines appeared again.

Therefore, the moment the reel spinning machine and the spindle fine spinning machine appeared, everyone quickly recorded them stroke by stroke.

Until the end of the video, everyone was still interested and wanted to teach several more techniques.

Some smart people from various dynasties thought thoughtfully and seemed to understand why the spinning jenny opened the curtain of the industrial revolution.

The Jenny spinning machine not only greatly improved production efficiency, but also triggered a series of inventions and creations in the textile field.

In the end, with the joint promotion of the two, the industrial revolution began.

These smart people have a strong hunch that if they continue on the current path, there may be signs of industrialization in their era.

(End of this chapter)