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Chapter 273 Feng Chu Pang Tong
Speaking of counselors during the Three Kingdoms period, as long as Zhuge Liang is mentioned, Pang Tong will inevitably come to mind.

Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang were both military advisers under Liu Bei's account. Pang Tong was reused because of Zhuge Liang, but they were just different in their achievements and styles.

In the early years of the Three Kingdoms, Pang Tong was as famous as Zhuge Liang.

Pang Degong called Pang Tong Fengchu and Zhuge Liang Wolong.

During the Three Kingdoms period, there was a prophecy circulating that if one of the sleeping dragons and phoenix chicks is found, the world can be stabilized.

It can be seen that Pang Tong's talent is actually no lower than Zhuge Liang.

Su Chen originally wondered why Liu Bei got Feng Chu and Wo Long but didn't unify the world?
After understanding the relevant history, he gradually understood the reason.

In fact, Mr. Shui Jing, Sima Hui, only said that with one person, the world can be settled.

But it did not say what consequences would arise if both of them were appointed at the same time.

The personalities of Zhuge Liang and Pang Tong are really different. One wants stability and the other wants speed.

These two people can be friends, but they are not suitable for cooperation.

Although Pang Tong is as famous as Zhuge Liang, he is not well known to the world.

It's because although Pang Tong is highly talented, he is too impatient and cannot fully examine himself.

On the other hand, it was because Pang Tong was hidden behind the scenes and had made many plans for Liu Bei, but they were not known by people.

"Pang Tong is the nephew of Pang Degong, a famous scholar in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In his early years, he was simple and did not show his intelligence. He was not appreciated by others. Only Pang Degong valued him."

"When Pang Tong turned eighteen, Duke Pang De asked him to visit Sima Hui."

"At that time, Sima Hui, a famous scholar in Yingchuan County, was of elegant character and could identify talents. Pang Tong, who was in his weak years, went to pay him a visit."

"After the meeting, Sima Hui was picking mulberry leaves from the tree, and Pang Tong sat under the tree and talked with him. The two communicated all day and night."

"Sima Hui was surprised by Pang Tong's talent and said that no one among Nanzhou scholars could compare with Pang Tong."

"With Sima Hui's words, Pang Tong's fame gradually spread."

"At that time, Pang De of Xiangyang called Pang Tong Feng Chu, Zhuge Liang Wo Long, and Sima Hui Shui Jing."

"Pang Tong once evaluated the quality of people with Lu Ji and Gu Shao of the Eastern Wu Dynasty, claiming that he had the ability to assist the emperor."

"Pang Tong was later conscripted as a meritorious official by this county. He paid attention to human ethics and morals. Every time he praised others, he exaggerated."

"So the people he evaluates often exceed that person's actual talents."

"People felt very strange about this, so they asked Pang Tong why he was like this."

"Pang Tong said that the world is now in chaos, morals are low, there are few good people and many evil people."

"If you want to promote moral culture, if you don't beautify their reputation, they won't be able to arouse admiration, and there will be fewer people who are not good enough to be admired."

“If you can improve five out of ten people, you’ll get half the job done.”

"And then achieve the purpose of educating the world, so that people with ambition can encourage themselves."

Pang Tong: The reason why I was not appreciated by others in my early years was not that my talent was lower than others, but that my appearance was not as good as others.

When he thought of his appearance, he sighed feebly, and there was nothing he could do about it.

He was not famous when he was young, because this is related to the fact that everyone likes to judge a person by his appearance.

Because his appearance is too simple and ugly, few people would think that he is a smart person, and there is nothing that others can do about it.

Of course, there is another reason, that is, no one appreciated him when he was young. After all, a bole is always much less than a thousand-mile horse.

Fortunately, as an adult, he was appreciated by Mr. Shui Jing, Sima Hui.

It was after receiving Sima Hui's appreciation that he finally started his official career.

He attaches great importance to moral cultivation, and when he praises others, he often exaggerates.

The reason for this is that he feels that there are always fewer good people than bad people in this world.

The purpose of praising others is to help people who do good deeds build confidence so that they can help more people.

Although he had good intentions, he did not advance step by step after joining the officialdom.

At first, he advised Zhou Yu, and after Zhou Yu's death, he was recommended to Sun Quan.

But Sun Quan disliked him for being too ugly and forgot about him.

But fortunately, he was brought to Shu by his friends. After several twists and turns, he defected to Liu Bei's command, and then he had the opportunity to show his talents.

"The alliance of Sun and Liu defeated Cao Cao's hundreds of thousands of troops heading south in the Battle of Chibi. Then Zhou Yu defeated Cao Ren who was stationed in Nanjun and successfully captured the important military town of Jiangling."

"When Zhou Yu was the governor of Nanjun, he was famous among the scholars because of Pang Tong."

"So he appointed Pang Tong as a meritorious officer and entrusted him with important tasks."

"The following year Zhou Yu prepared to attack Xichuan, but suddenly fell ill and died in Baqiu."

"Pang Tong went to Soochow for Zhou Yu's funeral. Most people in Soochow have heard of Pang Tong's name."

"When Pang Tong was about to return to the west, many people from Dongwu gathered at Changmen to see him off, including Lu Ji, Gu Shao, Quan Cong and others."

"Pang Tong knew their purpose, so he praised them."

"It is said that Lu Ji is like a rogue horse, capable of traveling freely, while Gu Shao is like an ox, capable of carrying heavy loads for long distances."

"Quan Cong loves charity and admires fame, just like Fan Zizhao of Runan. Although his intelligence is average, he can be called a good man for a while."

"After the praise, Lu Ji and Gu Shao expressed their gratitude to Pang Tong."

"If the world is peaceful, I hope to review celebrities from all over the world with you."

"So Lu Ji, Gu Shao, Quan Cong and others of the Eastern Wu Dynasty established close friendship with Pang Tong and returned."

"Afterwards, someone asked Pang Tong whether Lu Ji was better as he saw it."

"Pang Tong replied, although the rogue horse is excellent, it can only be used by one person."

"And an ox traveling three hundred miles a day can carry more than one person."

"Later, Gu Shao stayed at Pang Tong's place and asked Pang Tong who was better between himself and him."

"Pang Tong replied that in terms of cultivating the world and comprehensively analyzing characters, he is not as good as Gu Shao."

"But in discussing the emperor's strategies and summarizing the essence of blessings and causes, his ability seems to be slightly better than Gu Shao's."

"Gu Shao thought Pang Tong's words were reasonable, so he got close to him."

Li Shimin: The Sun-Liu alliance was able to defeat Cao Cao's hundreds of thousands of troops in the Battle of Chibi. Pang Tong's chain strategy played an important role.

The alliance between Cao Cao and Sun Liu faced each other across the river, and the two sides began a tug-of-war of strategies.

Zhou Yu took advantage of his navy and geographical advantages to take the strategic initiative.

On the other hand, Cao Cao took the initiative in terms of strength because his army was several times larger than that of the Sun-Liu alliance.

Therefore, based on the advantages and disadvantages of both sides, the game of strategy and intelligence has become the key.

In the battle of strategies, Cao Cao has been in a passive state.

Cao Cao was led by Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, step by step into the fire attack trap they set.

Zhou Yu set traps for Cao Cao according to the plan of fire attack step by step, constantly preparing for fire to attack Cao Cao's army, and defeated Cao Cao's army step by step.

When everything was completed smoothly, Lu Su suggested that the famous scholar Pang Tong go to Cao Ying to present the chain plan.

Let Cao's army lock the warships together with iron chains, and then they can defeat Cao's army with fire attacks.

Under Zhou Yu's arrangement, Cao Jun fell into the trap and accepted Pang Tong's false surrender.

Pang Tong came to Cao Cao and offered him this iron chain plan.

Because this suggestion can just relieve the urgent need of Cao Jun who is not accustomed to water warfare, coupled with Pang Tong's well-founded suggestions.

As expected, Cao Cao accepted the iron chain chain and ordered to supervise the construction of the iron chain.

Arrange your naval warships in rows and lock them together with iron chains.

The outcome can be imagined. Huang Gai pretended to surrender, and a fire burned Cao Cao's army until they lost their armor. The Battle of Chibi also ended with Cao Cao's defeat.

The chain plan is actually a desperate strategy that requires not only the right time, but also good luck.

The more links there are, the more opportunities for mistakes to occur.

Therefore, the chain plan is half a plan and half a matter of luck.

But in any case, Pang Tong played an important role in it.

"When Liu Bei occupied Jingzhou and led Jingzhou as a herdsman, Pang Tong acted as the county magistrate of Leiyang as a state official."

"Because he did not handle county affairs during his tenure, he was dismissed from his official position."

"Soochow Lusu wrote to Liu Bei about this, saying that Pang Tong was not qualified to govern Baili County."

"Only by allowing Pang Tong to hold a position in the government can he display his talents."

"Zhuge Liang also mentioned Pang Tong to Liu Bei, so Liu Bei summoned Pang Tong to talk."

"After some exchanges, Liu Bei thought highly of Pang Tong and appointed him to govern the country."

"Liu Bei's closeness to Pang Tong was second only to Zhuge Liang, so Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang jointly served as military advisors."

"Later Zhuge Liang guarded Jingzhou, while Pang Tong followed Liu Bei into Shu."

"Once, Liu Bei was having a conversation with Pang Tong at a banquet."

"Ask Pang Tong when he served as Zhou Yu's meritorious officer. When he arrived in Wudi, he heard that Zhou Yu had secretly reported to Sun Quan to detain him. If this was the case."

"And he said that whoever is under his command should of course be loyal to him, so Pang Tong should not hide it."

"Pang Tong bluntly stated that this was indeed the case. Liu Bei lamented that he was in a critical situation at the time and had to go to Wu to seek help. He almost fell into the hands of Zhou Yu."

"And it means that all the wise men in the world have the same vision."

"Zhuge Kongming also advised him not to go, and he insisted again and again. He was probably afraid that Sun Quan would detain him."

"At that time, he thought that what Sun Quan wanted to be wary of was Cao Cao in the north, and he should hope to have him as Sun Quan's helping hand."

"That's why I insisted on meeting Sun Quan. I didn't have any doubts at all."

"Now that I think about it, this is indeed a risky move and not a foolproof plan."

Li Longji: If Pang Tong had come up with a letter of recommendation early in the morning, he wouldn't have been dismissed casually by Liu Bei.

As far as he knew, when Pang Tong went to see Liu Bei, although he had prepared two letters of recommendation written by Lu Su and Zhuge Liang, he did not take them out.

When Liu Bei met Pang Tong, he also disliked Pang Tong's ugly appearance and sent him directly to a small county.

As a result, Pang Tong was reported before he had been an official for long.

Liu Bei sent Zhang Fei to check and found that Pang Tong spent a small amount of time handling government affairs for a month, and then produced Lu Su's letter of recommendation.

Although Pang Tong had letters of recommendation from Zhuge Liang and Lu Su at that time, he only produced letters of recommendation from Lu Su.

In his opinion, he could more or less guess Pang Tong's intention.

It's just that in the eyes of the world, Feng Chu is as famous as Crouching Dragon.

If I just showed Zhuge Liang's recommendation letter, I was afraid that I would be inferior to others, so I just showed Lu Su's recommendation letter.

"In the 16th year of Jian'an, Fazheng went to Jingzhou on the orders of Liu Zhang, the shepherd of Yizhou, to welcome Liu Bei to Yizhou and reject Zhang Lu."

"Fazheng secretly presented a secret plan to Liu Bei and asked Liu Bei to take the opportunity to capture Yizhou."

"Liu Bei hesitated again and again and could not make a decision."

"At that time, Pang Tong advised Liu Bei, saying that Jingzhou was desolate and ruined. With Sun Quan of Wu in the east and Cao Cao in the north, it would be difficult to succeed in establishing a three-legged alliance."

"Now the country of Yizhou is rich and powerful, with a household registration of one million, fertile land and abundant products."

"If we can really capture Yizhou as the foundation, we can achieve great things."

"But Liu Bei had concerns, thinking that Cao Cao and himself were in the same situation. Cao Cao was eager, so he was lenient."

"Cao Cao was tyrannical, but he himself was benevolent and righteous."

"Cao Cao is cunning, but he himself must be loyal. Only by doing the opposite of Cao Cao in everything can he succeed."

"Today, it is not an option to break one's trust and loyalty to the world for the sake of Yizhou."

"Pang Tong once again said that now is the time when power is changing. We cannot stick to the rules and must adapt to changes."

"Besides, annexing the weak is a common thing." "Taking advantage of others and obeying them, and repaying them with righteousness are what the ancients valued."

"As long as the land is returned to him after the matter is settled, there will be no breach of trust."

"If we don't capture Yizhou now, others will eventually take advantage of us."

"Liu Bei believed that Pang Tong was right and decided to leave Zhuge Liang, Guan Yu and others to guard Jingzhou."

"And he led Pang Tong and led tens of thousands of soldiers into Yizhou."

"Liu Zhang, the herdsman of Yizhou, and Liu Bei met in Fucheng. Pang Tong advised Liu Bei to hold Liu Zhang hostage during the banquet, so that he could capture Yizhou without spending a single soldier."

"But Liu Bei refused on the grounds that he had just come to Shu and had not established any trust."

"Liu Zhang recommended Liu Bei to be the Grand Sima and the Commander-in-Chief of the Sili School."

"Liu Bei also recommended Liu Zhang as the general to control the west and lead the herdsman of Yizhou."

"Liu Zhang increased troops for Liu Bei and asked him to attack Zhang Lu. He also asked Liu Bei to supervise the Baishui Army and gave him many men, horses, food, grass and military supplies."

"After Liu Zhang finished explaining, he returned to Chengdu, while Liu Bei led his troops to Jiameng Pass."

Su Shi: Pang Tong’s suggestion and Liu Bei’s rejection, in my opinion, Liu Bei is right.

After Liu Bei and Liu Zhang met for the first time in Fucheng and returned to the camp, counselor Pang Tong came to ask Liu Bei what he thought of Liu Zhang.

Liu Bei thought that Liu Zhang was sincere, but Pang Tong thought that he could exploit Liu Zhang's weakness to hide a knife and ax at the next banquet.

In this way, we can take the opportunity to kill Liu Zhang and capture Yizhou without any bloodshed.

Advisor Fazheng also believed that Pang Tong's plan was feasible and suggested that Liu Bei act accordingly.

However, Liu Bei did not agree with Pang Tong and Fazheng's suggestions.

In the subsequent meeting with Liu Zhang, he prevented Pang Tong and Fa Zheng from killing Liu Zhang.

He knew very well why Pang Tong proposed to assassinate Liu Zhang.

The reason is very simple. To capture the thief, capture the king first.

He wanted to get rid of Liu Zhang, leaving Yizhou leaderless, and took the opportunity to capture Yizhou as quickly as possible.

However, fortunately, Liu Bei did not agree with Pang Tong's theory of quick victory.

Decisively rejected Pang Tong's suggestion, otherwise it would definitely lead to uncontrollable consequences.

Although there were Zhang Song, Fazheng, Meng Da and others in Yizhou at that time as Liu Bei's internal advisers, many people also expressed strong opposition to Pang Tong's decision.

This shows that there are still a large number of civil servants and generals in Yizhou who are very hostile to Liu Bei.

Under such circumstances, if Liu Bei adopted Pang Tong's suggestion and rashly got rid of Liu Zhang, it would surely arouse public outrage.

Things will be in trouble by then, and it will be difficult to fight with Liu Bei's troops in Shu.

It can be seen from this that Liu Bei's thinking is still calm and clever, but Pang Tong acted too hastily.

"In the 17th year of Jian'an, Zhang Song's secret contact with Liu Bei was reported by his brother Zhang Su."

"Liu Zhang executed Zhang Song, and the relationship between Liu Bei and Liu Zhang broke down."

"So Pang Tong presented three secrets to Liu Bei regarding strategic issues."

"The plan is to secretly select elite soldiers and have them travel day and night to attack Chengdu through small routes."

"Liu Zhang has neither the force nor the preparation. He can take down the army as soon as it arrives."

"The trick was to send people to deceive the famous general Yang Huai who was guarding Baishui Pass before reaching Baishui Pass, saying that Jingzhou was in danger and they had to go back to rescue."

"When Yang Huai and others are fooled and come to see Qingqi, we will capture them and take advantage of the situation to attack Chengdu."

"The next plan is to return to Baidi City, contact Jingzhou soldiers and horses to enter Shu, and slowly plan for Yizhou."

"If you hesitate and stay, you will get into trouble, and you can't stay like this for long."

"Liu Bei adopted the trick proposed by Pang Tong, so he used the trick to kill Yang Huai, and then returned to attack Chengdu."

"The whole journey was unstoppable, and all the places we passed were successfully conquered, and we soon reached Fucheng."

"Liu Bei held a celebration meeting in Fucheng, drank and had fun, and was very satisfied."

"During the dinner, Liu Bei told Pang Tong that he was very happy to have a gathering today."

"Pang Tong said that taking other people's territory for fun is not a benevolent soldier."

"Liu Bei was drunk and angry, saying that King Wu was attacking Zhou. He sang before and danced behind him. Isn't he a soldier of benevolence?"

"He also said that what Pang Tong said was wrong and that he should leave the table immediately, so Pang Tong left the table."

"Soon, Liu Bei regretted it and invited Pang Tong back."

"Pang Tong returned to his original position and ignored Liu Bei. He just continued to eat and drink as before."

"Liu Bei asked him who was at fault for the discussion just now."

"Pang Tong replied that both his ruler and his ministers were at fault."

"Liu Bei laughed after hearing this, and the joyful atmosphere returned to the banquet."

Zhu Di: Pang Tong presented Liu Bei with three secret plans, middle and lower, to capture Yizhou. The best choice is the middle strategy, not the best one.

The reason why Liu Bei did not choose the best policy, but the middle policy, is also very simple.

Liu Bei mobilized his troops and led his troops all the way from Jingzhou to Yizhou, with the purpose of occupying Yizhou.

So if Liu Bei gets nothing, he will return to Baidi City empty-handed, and then slowly plan a way to enter Yizhou.

Of course Liu Bei could not adopt this strategy, nor was he willing to adopt it.

The reason why Liu Bei finally chose the middle strategy was between the best strategy and the middle strategy.

This is because in Liu Bei's view, Pang Tong's best strategy is actually false and has many unrealistic aspects.

In the best strategy, Pang Tong asked Liu Bei to secretly select elite soldiers, which was easy to do.

But how many elite soldiers could Liu Bei choose at that time? This is a big problem.

When Liu Bei entered Shu, he brought 10,000 troops.

After entering Shu, Liu Zhang gave Liu Bei some troops.

The combined number of the two is less than 30,000, so there are very few elite soldiers that can be selected.

Secondly, Chengdu was the seat of Liu Zhang's government, and there were a large number of troops stationed there.

Even after Liu Zhang's men continued to surrender to Liu Bei, there were still 30,000 defenders in Chengdu.

When Pang Tong suggested that Liu Bei select elite soldiers to take Chengdu directly, how many elite soldiers should be selected to successfully capture Chengdu was also a question.

There are too few elite soldiers to choose, so just taking one or two thousand people and trying to capture Chengdu is simply a fool's errand.

And if more elite soldiers are selected and lead tens of thousands of people to Chengdu, Liu Zhang's subordinates along the way will definitely notice.

In this way, it is impossible to achieve the combat effect of taking advantage of the enemy's unpreparedness as Pang Tong said.

There is a third reason, which is that Pang Tong's best strategy was to learn from Wu Ming.

When Liu Bei led his troops into Shu, Liu Zhang not only ordered the counties and counties along the way to entertain them and provide them with money and food.

He also personally traveled from Chengdu to Fu County to greet him and feasted with Liu Bei for more than a hundred days.

He also sent more troops to Liu Bei and allocated a large amount of military supplies to Liu Bei. He was extremely benevolent to Liu Bei.

In this case, it would be fine if Liu Bei did not attack Zhang Lu in Hanzhong.

It would be too unkind and unkind to turn around and suddenly attack Chengdu and attack Liu Zhang at this time.

Those who win the hearts of the people win the world, Liu Bei has always cared about this.

If Liu Bei adopted Pang Tong's best strategy, the image of benevolence and righteousness he had worked hard to establish before would be destroyed.

Neither the best nor the worst policy will work, only Pang Tong's middle policy is the most suitable.

Yang Huai and Gao Pei were loyal to Liu Zhang and opposed Liu Bei's entry into Shu.

If such people are not eliminated, it will definitely be detrimental to Liu Bei's future occupation of Yizhou.

To get rid of Yang Huai and Gao Pei, Liu Bei could find 10,000 reasons.

And every one of them will not attack Chengdu directly like Shang Ce did, and let Liu Bei bear the reputation of being unkind and unjust.

Furthermore, by getting rid of Yang Huai and Gao Pei, Liu Bei can also take the opportunity to annex their subordinates and strengthen his own power.

And forced Liu Zhang to fall out with him first, letting Liu Zhang bear the reputation of being unkind and unjust.

In short, among Pang Tong's three strategies for capturing Yizhou, Liu Bei was unwilling to adopt the lower strategy.

Adopting the best strategy, Liu Bei thought it was unrealistic and undesirable.

But if you adopt the middle strategy, you can achieve multiple goals with one stone. Why wouldn't Liu Bei do it?

But speaking objectively, Liu Bei has something that he admires and deserves to learn from.

After Pang Tong proposed three strategies to capture Yizhou, Liu Bei was able to analyze and judge calmly, weigh the pros and cons, and not rush for quick success.

Quickly make the choice that is best for you and demonstrate excellent leadership skills.

This aspect of Liu Bei is particularly worth learning from.

"In the 19th year of Jian'an, Liu Bei dispatched Zhuge Liang, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and others to lead troops to surround Xichuan."

"When Pang Tong led his army to attack the city, he was shot by random arrows and died at Luofengpo. He was thirty-six years old."

"Liu Bei deplored this and shed tears whenever he mentioned it."

"In recognition of Pang Tong's meritorious service, Liu Bei appointed Pang Tong's father as Yilang, who was later promoted to admonishment officer. Zhuge Liang went to visit him in person."

"Pang Tong was later posthumously granted the title of Marquis of Guannei, and in the autumn and September of the third year of Jingyao's reign, he was posthumously named Marquis of Jing."

"After Pang Tong died, he was buried in Luofengpo, and the cemetery was only lightly maintained."

"It is said that this is the cemetery Liu Bei personally selected for him. But looking to the north and south of the house, it is a geomantic treasure."

Zhang Juzheng: If Pang Tong had not been eager for quick success, he would not have died young.

As we all know, if one of the crouching dragons and phoenixes is born, they can conquer the world.

Wolong is Zhuge Liang, Fengchu is Pang Tong, and Pang Tong was eventually accepted by Liu Bei.

Although Pang Tong's talent can be compared with Zhuge Liang, Pang Tong and Zhuge Liang's appearance are very different.

Pang Tong was dark, ugly, strange-looking, and dressed very casually.

Zhuge Liang was very tall, fair-skinned, handsome, personable, and a talented gentleman.

But it was a pity that Pang Tong died in Luofengpo before he could make any great contribution to Liu Bei.

Zhuge Liang once said that Pang Tong's talent was not inferior to his, which shows how powerful Pang Tong is.

The reason why Pang Tong died so easily on Luofengpo was simple: Pang Tong was too careless.

With Pang Tong's talent, it would be easy to take down Xichuan.

But Pang Tong was very proud and eager to make meritorious deeds.

At that time, after Zhuge Liang learned about the terrain of Xichuan, he found that the road section in Xichuan was very complicated.

Moreover, the mountain is rugged and is a place where multiple ambushes can be set up, so he wrote to Pang Tong to inform him.

When Pang Tong saw Zhuge Liang telling him, he felt very unhappy.

Because Pang Tong is as famous as Zhuge Liang, obviously he can also see the topography of Xichuan.

However, Pang Tong was so angry that he underestimated Xichuan's generals in order to achieve success as soon as possible.

So Pang Tong chose a small path to lead his troops to attack, but was ambushed and died on Luofengpo.

All this was because of Pang Tong's carelessness and willfulness, so he was shot to death by Zhang Ren with an arrow at Luofengpo.

Pang Tong died young, whether because of a moment of carelessness or because he couldn't hold himself back and wanted to take credit.

The death of Fengchu Pang Tong was a huge loss to Liu Bei and the Shu army.

However, such a wise and capable man like Zhuge Liang was finally buried in Luofengpo, which can be regarded as a death.

(End of this chapter)