The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

Chapter 301 The Rise of China’s High-Speed ​​Rail

There were not many great scientists in ancient China. After all, there was no soil for scientific development in feudal society.

Therefore, after Su Chen introduced the last scientist Li Chunfeng, all ancient Chinese scientists had been introduced.

"Master Lu Ban wanted to know about the infrastructure projects of future generations. The anchor will answer Master Lu Ban's questions now."

Ancient people from all dynasties and generations have cheered up, and they are particularly interested in the infrastructure projects of future generations.

After all, they have already seen the prosperity of future generations, so they naturally want to know more about the situation of future generations, especially the large-scale infrastructure projects.

The achievements of China's infrastructure projects have attracted worldwide attention. The first thing Su Chen introduced to ancient people from various dynasties was the high-speed rail.

He used to take the high-speed rail when he returned home for vacation. I believe that ancient people from all dynasties had the deepest impression of high-speed rail.

"As a Chinese today, I can deeply feel the changes that high-speed rail has made to people's lives."

"High-speed rail has changed the way people travel and has had a profound impact on the economy and society. It also reflects China's increasingly advanced technological level."

But the high-speed rail is different. It can run for a day and a night without any problem.

"Unfortunately, China Star had problems with poor stability during the testing phase, and was ultimately only used as a temporary bus for a period of time."

"Japan's Shinkansen shocked China, and Chinese railway people began to explore."

And more importantly, no matter how hard the horse runs, it can't run for long.

"This greatly impressed the Chinese railway people, who felt that they should pursue faster speeds. From then on, the seeds of China's high-speed rail began to sprout."

Ying Zheng: In just 40 years, China’s high-speed rail has achieved such world-renowned achievements. I really admire it.

"The representative one is the new China Star train."

"If you want to build a high-speed rail, you first need new trains."

“The news of the Chinese delegation taking the Shinkansen in 1978 made the Chinese people understand high-speed railways for the first time.”

You know, the Chinese nation was still in a state of fragmentation until the Republic of China.

"In 1978, many trains in China were still steam trains."

According to the anchor, the development of China's high-speed rail has gone through three difficult stages, and he is very curious about the process.

After all, he is the ancestor of future generations, and he would be extremely happy to see future generations working hard and achieving great achievements.

Moreover, there are still Western powers entrenched in the land of China, ready to annex and carve up the land of China at any time.

It was in this crisis that the Chinese nation was on the verge of extinction. Not only did it drive away foreign invaders, it also surpassed foreign powers in terms of high-speed rail. You can imagine the difficulty in this.

"At that time, China's railways still ran coal-fired steam trains, with an average speed of only more than 40 kilometers per hour."

"China's high-speed rail development has gone through three stages: the initial stage of self-exploration, the stage of assimilation of foreign technology, and the stage of China's high-speed rail overtaking."

"At that time, the central leaders were working at the construction site of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway and personally helped the Ministry of Railways solve the problem of insufficient steel."

He knows very well what high-speed rail is.

"I took the Shinkansen high-speed train, with an average speed of 210 kilometers per hour."

"During this period, a large number of Chinese scientific and technological personnel have gone abroad to participate in international exchanges and go to various countries to learn about their high-speed rail technologies."

After seeing the power of high-speed rail last time, he often imagined how spectacular it would be if high-speed rail was connected to all parts of Daqin!

"However, compared with developed countries."

"By 1993, although most of them were replaced with more advanced diesel locomotives, the top speed could only reach about 110 kilometers per hour."

Judging from the current fastest horse in Da Qin, its speed is less than 50 kilometers per hour, not even a fraction of the high-speed rail of later generations.

"In 1978, a Chinese delegation visited Japan from Tokyo to Kyoto."

"It once ran a speed of 321 kilometers per hour in a sprint test. It was called the fastest train in China at that time. It was a train model that had high hopes at that time."

"Unfortunately, China was unable to carry out high-speed rail construction at that time, and its economic foundation was still weak."

Of course, he was shocked by the power of high-speed rail, but he was even more shocked by the fact that the next generation could rank first in the world in such a short period of time.

"To achieve high-speed rail, a new generation of trains is urgently needed."

He still clearly remembers that the speed of the high-speed train that the anchor took home for the New Year made him jaw-dropping.

"From 1995 to 2005, in the past ten years, China has successively developed more than 20 types of high-speed trains."

"However, these new trains are difficult to put into practical use because of their low stability."

"In 1993, in order to solve the construction problems of the Beijing-Kowloon Railway."

Ever since the anchor used to live broadcast life scenes of future generations, the thing that impressed him most was the high-speed rail.

However, while he was shocked by the achievements of high-speed rail in later generations, he was also extremely pleased with the generations of future generations who have achieved this achievement.

“China has gone from being a bottom player with insufficient technology and experience to becoming a leader.”

What is the concept of a speed of 350 kilometers per hour? Just thinking about it makes my scalp numb.

“It wasn’t until we entered the 21st century that railway people felt that they had enough financial and material resources to build high-speed rail.”

"In the following more than 40 years, China's high-speed rail has continued to develop, and now it has built the world's largest high-speed rail network."

"China's high-speed rail started relatively late, but it only achieved rapid overtake in the 21st century."

"These experimental models have improved the independent research and development level of my country's high-speed rail."

"But in practice, we have found that it is still very difficult to achieve success in one step with the help of our own R&D strength."

"Thus, this led to the subsequent absorption and digestion of foreign advanced high-speed rail technology."

Zhan Tianyou: I will die with no regrets if I can see future generations making world-renowned achievements in high-speed rail.

As a railway engineer, he knows the difficulties best.

Now that he sees that the high-speed rail of later generations has become the best in the world, he is gratified and feels deeply proud at the same time.

This is the Chinese people. No matter how difficult and dangerous the situation is, they can always overcome difficulties and achieve success.

How difficult is the development of China's railways? He has the best say.

In 1881, the Qing government built a freight railway from Tangshan to Xugezhuang, and hired British engineers to build it.

The Tangxu Railway is the historical starting point of China's self-built railways and China's railways. It has since begun the prelude to China's independent railway construction.

It was not until 1909 that the first Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway built independently by China was officially put into operation, and he was the chief designer.

The Beijing-Zhangjiakou Railway is China's first railway that does not use foreign funds and personnel. It is completed by China's own financing, survey, design, and construction.

The total length of the railway put into use is about 200 kilometers.

Although the construction of this railway was very difficult, it was of great significance.

In the context of a special war-torn era, such achievements have impressed foreigners and embody the great and unyielding spirit of the Chinese nation.

It was precisely because he knew the difficulties of building railways that he understood it deeply.

That is, the dazzling achievements of high-speed rail in later generations are by no means achieved overnight and smooth sailing. They must be achieved after several generations of hard work, silent dedication, and overcoming numerous difficulties.

If you understand the difficulties involved, you will know what a great group of descendants created what a great project that has attracted worldwide attention.

"In addition, the Ministry of Railways has begun to lay the foundation for subsequent high-speed rail projects to speed up and transform China's huge old railway network."

"From 1997 to 2004, China's railways carried out five major speed increases."

"After five speed increases, the maximum speed of train operation has been increased to 160 kilometers per hour."

"The average operating speed of passenger trains across the country has increased to 66 kilometers per hour, and the average speed of direct and express trains has reached 100 kilometers per hour."

"In 2007, China's railways carried out the sixth major speed increase."

"With this major speed increase, a new generation of trains appeared on China's railways - the Harmony EMU, which officially opened the door to the era of high-speed rail in China."

"At a meeting in 2004, the general principles for the future introduction of China's railway technology were clarified."

"Introducing advanced technology, jointly designing and producing, and building a Chinese brand."

"The introduction of advanced technology means that we cannot do things behind closed doors."

"The foreign technology at that time had speeds of 160 kilometers per hour, 200 kilometers per hour, and 300 kilometers per hour."

"Joint design and production means introducing technology from foreign companies, not just buying your technical drawings."

"It's about jointly designing technical drawings and understanding why they are drawn in this way."

"To build a Chinese brand, China High-speed Railway has insisted on using its own brand from the beginning, laying the foundation for China's high-speed railway to go global."

"The Ministry of Railways is determined that in order to achieve technology introduction, it must integrate domestic resources and become a strategic buyer."

“The Ministry of Railways conducted a public bidding for the high-speed rail EMUs used in the sixth major speed increase, and the number of EMUs to be tendered at one time was as high as 140.”

"At that time, China had become the world's largest market for high-speed rail."

"This is a huge temptation for foreign high-speed rail giants."

"For this reason, the Ministry of Railways came up with an unsolvable conspiracy to overtake China's high-speed trains in curves."

Liu Che: It can be seen from the general principles of the introduction of railway technology that later generations adopted a steady and steady strategy in the development of high-speed rail, and it is not surprising that they succeeded in the end.

Although high-speed rail technology is completely backward, it is very correct that future generations can develop step by step in a down-to-earth manner.

There is no problem with the overall strategic policy of introducing advanced technology, jointly designing and producing, and building Chinese brands.

In his view, the most difficult step is to introduce advanced technology.

As the saying goes, everything is difficult at the beginning.

Without the first step, there will be no subsequent success.

After all, technology is someone else’s specialty. You can imagine how difficult it is to successfully introduce it from others.

However, when he heard the anchor talking about the unsolvable conspiracy of two peaches killing three people, he roughly understood how it was successful.

Two peaches kill three soldiers, which means that the opponents will fight among themselves, and ultimately reap the benefits.

If what he expected was true, later generations would rely on the strategy of killing three people with two peaches to make foreign companies fight among themselves, and thus obediently hand over the high-speed rail technology.

"In May 2004, the Ministry of Railways of China released a procurement requirement to the world for 5 EMUs with a speed of 140 kilometers per hour."

"After final review, it was found that four companies could meet our construction needs."

"They are Germany's Siemens, France's Alstom, Japan's High-Speed ​​Rail Consortium and Canada's Bombardier."

"Among them, Siemens is the strongest in terms of technical level and company capabilities, while Bombardier is the weakest."

"And Siemens obviously understands its own strengths and feels that it is already stable."

"So they behaved very arrogantly during the negotiation process. In addition to the sky-high price of 3.5 million yuan per train, they also charged a technology transfer fee of 3.9 million euros."

"Total up, it's almost 600 billion." "In fact, our country's high-speed train and high-speed rail projects were just starting at that time, and we could definitely come up with 600 billion."

"But if Siemens is allowed to ask for sky-high prices, it will be equivalent to giving up the initiative, which will be extremely detrimental to the subsequent development of our high-speed rail."

"So it is impossible for the Ministry of Railways to be led by the nose by Siemens, so the Ministry of Railways added two requirements."

“First, the companies participating in the bidding must be Chinese companies, and second, the Chinese companies participating in the bidding must have the support of mature foreign technologies.”

"In other words, no matter which company they are, as long as they want large orders from China, they must cooperate with Chinese companies."

"More than that, on the basis of those two requirements."

"The Ministry of Railways also stated that during the construction process, the winning bidder must transfer key technologies to the Chinese side at the lowest price."

"Subsequently, the Ministry of Railways designated two domestic companies as China's cooperative institutions."

"One is CSR Group and the other is CNR Group."

"In this way, four companies including Siemens will have to find cooperation with two Chinese companies, CSR and North Locomotive and Rolling Stock Corporation."

"There are too many monks and too little food, and the initiative immediately returned to China."

"Afterwards, CNR chose Siemens, and CSR chose the Japan High-Speed ​​Rail Consortium."

"Alstom of France, on the other hand, is hedging its bets and negotiating with CSR and NRC at the same time."

"CSR and CNR also used their negotiations with Alstom to put pressure on Siemens and the Japanese consortium, forcing them to make concessions."

"As for Bombardier, because their technology is the most backward."

"So their attitude is very good. They will try their best to meet any demands from China."

"During the subsequent negotiations, Siemens felt that it had a great advantage."

"Not only did it offer a sky-high price of nearly 600 billion, but it also refused to give in on the transfer of many key technologies, which attracted officials from the Ministry of Railways to come forward."

"Siemens feels that even the Ministry of Railways is looking for it, doesn't it mean that China has given in?"

"So not only did they not restrain themselves, but they became more and more unscrupulous."

"However, the Ministry of Railways backhandedly notified CNR to speed up negotiations with Alstom."

"Very quickly, an agreement was reached."

"Soon after, CSR also signed a contract with Japan Consortium."

"Bombardier, on the other hand, participated in the bidding as a joint venture and barely got a share of the pie."

"As soon as the news came out, Siemens was immediately stunned."

"I thought that since I had the most advanced technology and the strongest strength, I should be a sure winner, but I didn't expect that I would be the first to be eliminated."

"This is not over yet. It's the next year, which is 2005."

"The Ministry of Railways has placed a big order again. This time the technical specifications are higher, requiring a speed of 250 kilometers per hour."

"Because we were beaten last time, Siemens has become more sensible this time."

"Proactively lowering the quotation, charging only 1.9 million yuan per train, and the technology transfer fee is also directly cut off, only 8000 million euros."

"Because they can't compete with Siemens, Alstom and the Japan High-Speed ​​Rail Consortium also had to cut prices in response, which significantly reduced our procurement costs."

"So, through two order negotiations, in only two years combined, China has mastered the core technology of 250 kilometers per hour high-speed rail."

Lu Ban: I never thought that the strategy of killing three soldiers with two peaches would also achieve dazzling results in later generations. This is the wisdom of our ancestors.

He had also heard the story of two peaches killing three men.

There were three arrogant ministers in the state of Qi. In order to help the king of Qi, get rid of them.

Prime Minister Yanzi thought of a way, took out two peaches and asked the three of them to divide them.

As you can imagine, the result is that all three sides suffer losses.

Later generations flexibly used the wisdom of killing three people with two peaches, and finally succeeded in obtaining foreign high-speed rail technology.

In general, the strategy of future generations is to replace the market with technology.

At that time, foreign high-speed rail manufacturers could only sell a small number of high-speed rails in a year, and later generations released news that they would purchase 140 trains at a time, but they had to invest in technology.

This is equivalent to a large order for decades, so Germany's Siemens, France's Alstom, Japan's High-Speed ​​Rail Consortium and Canada's Bombardier were all attracted.

But it is not that easy to obediently let foreign countries come up with technology, and later generations successfully achieved this by using two peaches to kill three people.

Bombardier was the weakest at that time, so it had a good attitude.

Japan’s high-speed rail consortium needs to improve its business and is highly proactive.

Alstom's performance is not good and it urgently needs to get big orders to continue its life.

Germany's Siemens has the strongest overall strength, but it is also the most arrogant.

So later generations adopted the strategy of killing Siemens first. The first round of bidding required that most of the high-speed rail technology must be transferred.

Siemens thinks that its comprehensive strength is the strongest, so it will definitely not do it.

As a result, future generations did not give Siemens a chance to bargain. Forget about the 140-row order and let Siemens go home.

Seeing that the strongest Siemens was eliminated in the first round, the weakest Bombardier was the first to jump in and surrender, unconditionally agreeing to the demands of future generations.

Alstom and the Japan High-Speed ​​Rail Consortium panicked and immediately sold off the entire price, plus selling off the high-speed rail technology.

But he didn't need to think about it to know that the idea behind Alstom and Japan's high-speed rail consortium must be to make back the losses later.

The first stage has come to an end, but the whole story is not over yet.

In the second year, later generations placed another big order and brought back Siemens, which had been eliminated in the first round.

Having learned from past mistakes, Siemens is being honest this time.

In order to win the order, Siemens spared no expense and directly offered the lowest price.

Alstom and Japan's high-speed rail consortium originally wanted to take advantage of the situation, but were dumbfounded by Siemens's move.

This caused them to fight among themselves. Not only did future generations spend less money, but they also got their high-speed rail technology. This is the wisdom of a great country.

In the end, later generations learned from the strengths of others and integrated their own high-speed rail technology, becoming the world's number one in this field.

"After the contract was negotiated, China specially designed a learning path to digest and absorb foreign technology."

"In these three steps, the first stage is called rigidity."

"We don't seek innovation, we just seek copying, and we strictly follow the foreign drawings."

"The second stage is called solidification. In terms of process, the techniques learned are fixed in their original form."

"Make sure it doesn't look out of shape, so that your manufacturing level can be on par with foreign manufacturers."

"The third stage is called optimization. After you are completely familiar with the manufacturing and assembly work, you can optimize and improve it based on the actual situation."

"The combination of these three stages is the complete process of localization of high-speed rail EMUs."

"The final assessment indicator is called the localization rate. An EMU has more than 4 parts and components. The initial localization rate is of course 0."

"And by the 20th row, more than 4% of the more than 70 parts can be domestically produced."

"But compared with localization, Chinese railway people have a higher pursuit."

"That is autonomy, being able to design independently and keep the intellectual property rights in our own hands."

“Technology can be imported, but if you don’t have the ability to innovate, you will fall into the cycle of introduction → falling behind → re-introducing → falling behind again.”

"In 2008, the Beijing-Tianjin intercity high-speed railway has begun operation, and the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway, Shanghai-Hangzhou intercity and other high-speed railway lines have started construction."

"At this time, China has digested and absorbed foreign high-speed rail technology and began to pursue independence."

"In 2008, the Ministry of Railways and the Ministry of Science and Technology decided to develop China's high-speed trains with a speed of more than 350 kilometers per hour."

"And allowing China's high-speed trains to have independent intellectual property rights is a large-scale joint operation to tackle key scientific and technological problems."

"In 2015, China's third-generation Fuxing EMU officially debuted."

"In this generation, China's high-speed trains can already achieve forward research and development, and the technical standards have been unified into Chinese standards."

"After being unified into Chinese standards, the versatility has been greatly improved in terms of design, manufacturing and use."

"So far, it has surpassed Siemens and other companies and has become the country with the strongest high-speed rail technology and the largest scale in the world."

"Currently, the total number of high-speed trains in operation in China is close to 3000, with a maximum speed of 400 kilometers per hour, and a total mileage that is longer than all other countries combined."

"Not only that, our high-speed rail fares and construction costs are lower."

“And all of this is due to the classic negotiation case conducted by the Ministry of Railways.”

Li Shimin: From nothing to something, from something to a qualitative leap, China's development from railways to high-speed rail is truly wonderful.

He would naturally feel honored that future generations could achieve such brilliant achievements.

China's high-speed rail has gone through three stages of development: the initial stage of self-exploration, the stage of assimilation of foreign technology, and the stage of China's high-speed rail overtaking.

Even if he knows nothing about high-speed rail technology, he can feel how difficult these three stages are.

After all, the difficulties involved in developing from a speed of 40 kilometers per hour to a speed of 400 kilometers per hour can be imagined.

However, no matter how difficult it was, the smart and hard-working descendants finally succeeded despite the difficulties and obstacles.

Originally, he had no confidence in Datang's railway development, but now seeing the spirit of future generations who are not afraid of difficulties also inspired him and gave him some confidence.

Later generations were able to make China's high-speed rail the number one in the world in just 40 years under such a difficult environment.

Future generations can have a noble spirit of not fearing hardships and dangers, and so do the people of the Tang Dynasty.

Ever since he saw the anchor riding the high-speed rail before, he has been thinking about the high-speed rail and hopes that one day the high-speed rail will appear in the land of Datang.

Originally this wish was just his wishful thinking, and he knew it would never come true.

But after snapping up tens of millions of books from the anchor in the past two days, his mentality changed.

On the day the Datang Library opened, he asked people to find books about railway transportation.

The detailed introduction of railway transportation in the book made him see the hope of railways covering the entire Tang Dynasty.

He doesn't expect high-speed rail, but he can still look forward to ordinary railways.

Even with ordinary railway transportation, it was extremely difficult for Datang to achieve this.

But it doesn't matter, he has set a good example for future generations.

Since later generations could overcome difficulties and obstacles and achieve success, he believed that the people of the Tang Dynasty could also achieve success after studying in the Datang Library, allowing railway transportation to flourish throughout the territory of the Tang Dynasty.

(End of this chapter)