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Chapter 311 Highway

Emperors of all dynasties were envious of the super projects built by later generations.

They know that behind these mega projects are huge financial investments.

But later generations can accumulate huge wealth in just a few decades, which is what they envy the most.

Ying Zheng: Anchor, Daqin also wants to be as wealthy as China in later generations. Do you have any suggestions?
In just a few decades, China in later generations went from poverty to constructing one super project after another.

In his opinion, there must be some way to make money in future generations to be so rich.

Su Chen thought for a moment and said a wise saying.

“If you want to be rich, build roads first.”

If a country wants to be prosperous, it must at least build roads, the most basic infrastructure, otherwise everything will be empty talk.

Speaking of roads, my country’s road development process is accompanied by economic take-off.

Nanyang Road was built in the south, from Nanyang to Jingzhou area via Wuguan. This is the main trunk road between Daqin and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

The start of my country's expressways was half a century later than that of developed countries. It was not until the mid-20s that my country began to explore the predecessor of expressways - exclusive highways for automobiles.

"After 1988, the Shanghai-Jiazhou Expressway and Shenyang-Dalian Expressway were opened to traffic."

"The expressway has achieved zero breakthroughs, completely ending the history of no expressways in mainland China."

In their current era of underdeveloped transportation, this speed is already quite fast.

The development of expressways can be said to have witnessed New China's step-by-step prosperity.

These areas are relatively remote from Xianyang, the capital of Great Qin, and difficult to reach directly.

"From 1978 to 1988, these ten years were the initial stage of my country's expressway development."

"At that time, there were few cars in our country, so there was no need to spend huge sums of money and occupy a lot of land to build expressways."

"During this period, all sectors of society were also very concerned about the issue of highway construction."

One of the important reasons why he was able to unify the six countries was that the roads all over the country provided convenience for marching and fighting.

It was under this background that our country's highways were born, and they have achieved a series of brilliant achievements in the following years.

The volume of highway passenger and freight transportation has increased sharply, and the consequences of the long-term lag in highway construction have been fully exposed.

"Good economic benefits have been achieved and the social response has been huge."

"The lengths of the three expressways from Shanghai to Jiading, Xi'an to Lintong, and Guangzhou to Foshan are all less than 20 kilometers."

“The opposition believes that expressways are high-consumption products designed to serve cars.”

In the early 20s, the Ministry of Transport began to collect and study the experience of developed countries in solving highway traffic congestion problems, and to study the main problems existing in my country's major highway transportation.

"Subsequently, the Ministry of Transport organized the three major design institutes in the country at that time to form a strong testing and engineering team to go to the site for investigation, measurement and design."

Later, in order to strengthen his control over the Bashu region, he ordered people to build the Shu Road from Xianyang through Hanzhong to Bashu.

“1981年，交通部确定了由12射、28纵、30横组成的国道网，总规模11万公里。”

"By the end of 1988, the total mileage of expressways in my country's mainland reached 147 kilometers."

"1988 is the first year of expressways in my country's mainland. In October, the first phase of the 10-kilometer-long Shanghai-Jiazhou Expressway was opened to traffic."

"With the gradual deepening of the reform and opening up process, the demand for road transportation continues to increase, and the transportation industry has a certain understanding of the construction of high-grade highways."

From Xianyang to Inner Mongolia, 900 kilometers away, it only takes three days by horse.

"The period from 1989 to 1997 was the steady development stage of my country's expressway development."

"According to the regulations at the time, high-grade highways with a length of less than 20 kilometers can be approved by relevant departments without following the highway approval procedures."

Ying Zheng: The concept of building roads first if you want to get rich is similar to our road construction in Daqin.

"In May 1984, the central government made it clear that it would speed up the construction of the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway."

Inner Mongolia was a newly opened territory when he attacked the Huns in the north. In order to consolidate the northern border, a straight road was opened.

For example, the East China Sea Road was built in the Guanzhong area, running from Xianyang all the way east to Shandong and other places. This was also the main east-west transportation artery of the Qin Dynasty.

In order to effectively manage the hometown of the Six Kingdoms, he built Chidao in these areas and established very convenient transportation roads throughout the country.

"However, there is no unified understanding of whether China should build highways. It can even be said that the debate is fierce."

"In the following year, transportation experts and some far-sighted people in the society suggested building highways with growing voices."

“As the first officially approved expressway in the Mainland, the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway was constructed in sections from December 1984 to 12 using World Bank loans.”

"Based on the social environment at that time, the Shenyang to Dalian highway was constructed in accordance with the standards of a first-class automobile highway. After completion, it will meet the technical standards of highways."

"On November 11, two sections of the Liaoning-Shenyang Expressway from Shenyang to Anshan and from Dalian to Sansanlibao were completed and opened to traffic."

"As my country's first national highway network plan, although it does not clarify the highway grade standards, it solves the layout problem of the national highway network, which is of great significance."

In the early days of reform and opening up, with the rapid development of my country's national economy.

When the emperors of various dynasties were thinking about the meaning of building roads first if they wanted to get rich, Su Chen told everyone about the great achievements that later generations had made in highways.

To be honest, the straight road is the expressway of Daqin.

After he unified the six kingdoms, the territory extended to Liaodong in the north, Longyou in the west, Nanhai in the south, and Shandong in the east.

“It has given people a clear understanding of the advantages of highways, and public opinion and views from all walks of life have begun to change in a direction that is conducive to the development of highways.”

"The Ministry of Transport seized this opportunity at the right time and held a landmark conference in the history of my country's expressway development in Shenyang in July 1989."

“At the conference, senior leaders made it clear that highways are not a question of whether they should be developed, but that they must be developed.”

"The conclusion is clear and this is no longer a theoretical issue."

“The unification of understanding laid the foundation for the development of expressways in our country and kicked off the rapid development of expressways.”

"In 1990, the entire Shenyang-Dalian Expressway, known as the No. road in China, was completed and opened to traffic."

"The total length of 371 kilometers marks that my country's highway development has entered a new era."

“From the late 80s to the early 90s, the Ministry of Transport proposed the idea of ​​constructing expressway development.”

"The layout plan consists of a total of 12 routes, five vertical and seven horizontal, with a planned mileage of approximately 3.5 kilometers."

"Except for a few sections with low traffic volume, they are mainly constructed according to highway standards."

"And this is my country's first road network construction plan involving expressway construction."

"In 1993, the Ministry of Transport issued a highway planning and layout plan, thus laying the foundation for the rapid development of my country's highways."

"In June 1993, the National Highway Construction Work Conference was held in Jinan, Shandong."

"This is the largest, highest-profile, most effective and most far-reaching meeting in the history of highway development."

"At the conference, senior leaders pointed out that the relationship between high-grade highways and general highways must be properly handled, with smooth flow first and smooth flow later. The goal is to improve the speed, efficiency and effectiveness of road transportation."

"The meeting determined that my country's highway construction will be transformed with a focus on high-grade highways, and also clarified the main goals of my country's highway construction before the year 2000."

"Concentrate our efforts on the construction of high-grade highways, connect two vertical and two horizontal high-grade highways, and strive to complete and open three important road sections to form several major channels of important strategic significance to the national economy and social development."

"After the Jinan Conference, a new upsurge in highway construction took place across the country, pushing my country's highway construction to a new stage of development."

“During this period, the highway industry worked hard to overcome many difficulties such as lack of experience in highway construction, lack of technical standards, lack of talent, and lack of design and construction technology.”

“We broke through many major technical bottlenecks and accumulated experience in the entire process of construction and management.”

"By the end of 1997, my country's expressway mileage reached 4771 kilometers, with an average annual growth of 10 kilometers over the past 477 years."

Liu Che: In our Han Dynasty, transportation was not only the support for urban development, but also a symbol of national prosperity.

Chang'an, the capital of the Han Dynasty, is known as the Eight Streets and Nine Moors.

The roads in the city are staggered, wide and flat, connected to the city gate, and the bridge outside the city is as wide as the road.

Each street is composed of three parallel avenues, and its central avenue is a royal road dedicated to him.

This road design greatly facilitates transportation, connecting the main avenues in Chang'an City with other cities, providing convenient transportation conditions for the economic development of the Han Dynasty.

Not long ago, he also opened up roads in the southwest.

Yelang Road is one of them. It enters Yelang from Fuguan and builds a post road.

Although the project is arduous, it has facilitated the connection between Sichuan and Guizhou.

There are also Lingguan Roads that connect large areas, strengthening exchanges and integration between Han and ethnic minorities.

The opening of Baoxie Road promoted the transportation of bamboo, wood, rice, grain and other materials in the Hanzhong area, providing continuous support for the supply of materials in Chang'an.

Many roads have also been opened up across the country, and the construction of these roads has greatly promoted the development of local economies.

More importantly, the opening of roads to the Western Regions created the world-famous Silk Road.

After many years of management of Hexi Province, he sent heavy troops to repel the Huns, ensuring peace in the northwest and creating favorable conditions for the opening of the Silk Road.

Zhang Qian's mission to the Western Regions went through hardships, but he finally opened up the road to the Western Regions, which led to the opening of the Silk Road.

Zhang Qian traveled to various countries in Central Asia, West Asia, and Arabia. At the same time, Western countries also sent envoys to establish friendly and commercial relations with the Han Dynasty.

The Silk Road starts from Chang'an, crisscrosses the north and south, and runs through Central Asia. It can be called the longest international road in the world.

"The period from 1998 to 2007 was the accelerated development stage of my country's highways."

"In 1998, in response to the adverse impact of the Southeast Asian financial crisis on our country."

"Senior leaders have made decisions to speed up various infrastructure construction, expand domestic demand, and stabilize economic growth."

"It has been decided to focus on the construction of infrastructure such as roads, railways, communications, environmental protection, agriculture, forestry and water conservancy, with highway construction being the top priority."

"At this stage, the highway department shoulders the dual responsibilities of promoting highway construction and development and driving the development of the national economy."

"In 1998, 3962 kilometers of new highways were added throughout the year, bringing the total mileage to 8733 kilometers, ranking sixth in the world and setting a new record for the annual number of new highways."

"The actual investment in highway construction completed throughout the year was 2168 billion yuan, an increase of 72% over the previous year."

"Most of the highway projects in the five vertical and seven horizontal plans have started construction, and the length of highways under construction nationwide exceeds 1 kilometers."

"In 1999, senior leaders made another major strategic deployment - the development of the western region."

"In October 1999, my country's highway mileage exceeded 10 kilometers, reaching 1 kilometers, ranking fourth in the world."

"By the end of 2000, my country's highway mileage reached 16285 kilometers, ranking third in the world."

"Entering the 10th Five-Year Plan period, my country's expressways continue to maintain a momentum of rapid development that has attracted worldwide attention."

"During this period, 2.47 kilometers of expressways were built, and the total mileage successively exceeded the three major milestones of 2, 3 and 4 kilometers."

"At the end of 2005, the number of expressways reached 4 kilometers, ranking second in the world after the United States. It has completed a development process that took Western developed countries decades to complete."

"At the same time, in order to adapt to the new requirements for transportation put forward by my country's economic and social development in the future."

“With reference to the experience of developed countries, the Ministry of Transport issued the National Highway Network Plan organized and prepared in December 2004.”

“此次国高高速公路网由7条首都放射线、9条南北纵线、18条东西横线以及若干环线组成，简称7918网，规划里程约8.5万公里。”

"7918 Network, this is the first national highway network plan in the history of our country." "In 2006, the first year of the th Five-Year Plan, highway construction has turned a new page."

"By the end of 2007, the highway mileage reached 5 kilometers, reaching 5.39 kilometers."

"After 15 years of hard work, the five-vertical and seven-horizontal national highway with a total length of 3.5 kilometers has been basically completed 13 years ahead of schedule."

"The skeleton of the national expressway network has initially been formed, and the expressway network has a more significant role in promoting economic and social development."

Li Shimin: Although the Tang Dynasty version of the expressway was far inferior to that of later generations, the length of the road was far longer than that of the previous dynasty.

The territory of the Tang Dynasty was far wider than that of the Qin and Han Dynasties.

In order to rule such a vast territory and strengthen economic development.

On the basis of sorting out the transportation routes of the previous generation, many new roads have also been opened up.

Therefore, roads between counties in Datang extend in all directions, and there are often two or more roads leading to a certain area.

In terms of purpose, there are three main types of roads: Chi Road, Gong Road, and Post Road.

The so-called Chidao is a special road for him to travel.

Because it was specially used for the emperor and his attendants to ride horses and chariots, it got the name Chidao.

Since it involves the emperor, it is naturally the highest-standard and best-built road in the country.

Speaking of which, the Chi Dao in the Tang Dynasty was so developed thanks to Yang Guang, a prodigal son.

Because Yang Guang was famous for his love of patrolling the country, the construction of Chidao was indispensable.

For example, in the third year of Daye's reign, after Yang Guang visited Yulin, he was still preparing to go north beyond the Great Wall to show off his power.

The Turkic Khan had no choice but to drag all the people to build roads from the northern border of Yulin to his hometown.

Today, almost all of the Chi Dao in the Tang Dynasty were inherited from the Sui Dynasty.

In addition to Chi Road, there is also Tribute Road, which is the general name of the road used by local governments to transport various tribute materials to the imperial court.

The role of tribute roads is very important, equivalent to the main artery of the imperial court, so the imperial court attaches great importance to the smooth flow of tribute roads.

Wherever the tribute road passes, the local government is responsible for maintenance and care.

At the same time, the imperial court will also appoint specialized officials to continuously optimize the tribute roads.

The post road is the thoroughfare for official and private business travel, and is also the main line of national transportation.

The post road is centered on Chang'an and spreads out in all directions.

According to statistics from imperial officials, the country's post roads are sixty to seventy thousand miles long.

This number is not as good as that of later generations, but it is much better than that of previous generations.

“The years from 2008 to 2015 were a leap-forward development stage for my country’s highways.”

"In 2008, in response to the adverse impact of the U.S. subprime mortgage crisis on our country."

"Senior leaders once again made major decisions and deployments to expand domestic demand and promote economic growth, which once again provided opportunities for the transportation industry to achieve new development."

"In response to the financial crisis, the highway industry focused on national highway construction and further accelerated the pace of highway construction."

"In 2009, the total investment in highway construction exceeded 9668 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of more than 40%."

"At the end of the same year, the highway mileage reached 6.51 kilometers."

"In 2010, highway construction investment historically exceeded the trillion yuan mark."

"The total mileage of highways exceeded 7 kilometers, reaching 74113 kilometers."

“During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, highway construction across the country achieved historic new breakthroughs.”

"In the past five years, the cumulative investment in highways has been 7 trillion yuan, which is nearly twice the amount in the 2th Five-Year Plan period."

"The average annual new mileage of highways nationwide is 9900 kilometers, which is 1.5 times that of the th Five-Year Plan period."

"In 2012, the highway mileage reached 9.6 kilometers, surpassing the United States for the first time and ranking first in the world."

"By the end of 2015, the highway mileage reached 12.4 kilometers, covering 97.6% of the country's urban population."

"The 900th Five-Year Plan is aimed at the problem that more than counties are still unconnected and the scale is obviously insufficient."

“Faced with insufficient capacity on major corridors in the national highway network, new urban populations are not connected, among other issues.”

“The Ministry of Transport promptly studied and prepared the National Highway Network Plan, which was issued after high-level approval in 2013.”

"The national highway network planning plan consists of two road network levels: national highways and ordinary national highways."

"The national expressway consists of 7 radial lines from the capital, 11 north-south vertical lines, 18 east-west horizontal lines, and regional loop lines."

"The total mileage is about 11.8 kilometers, and an additional 1.8 kilometers of long-term outlook are planned, referred to as the 71118 network."

“普通国道由12条首都放射线、47条南北纵线、60条东西横线和81条联络线组成，总里程约26.5万公里。”

"The promulgation of the National Highway Network Plan plays a very important role in guiding the construction of the national highway network in the new era."

"With the completion of a number of long-distance, inter-provincial expressway corridors such as Beijing-Shanghai and others, the capacity expansion and reconstruction of congested road sections have been completed."

"The transportation tension on my country's major highways has been significantly alleviated, and the long-standing transportation capacity tension has been significantly improved."

"The rapid development of highways has greatly shortened the distance between important cities."

“It speeds up the exchange of personnel, goods, technology, and information between regions, and effectively reduces production and transportation costs.”

"It plays an important role in improving the competitiveness of enterprises and promoting national economic development and social progress."

"As the highway mileage continues to extend, economies of scale will gradually emerge."

"The speed and convenience of expressways have also entered the lives of ordinary people, increasingly changing people's concepts of time, space and lifestyle."

Zhao Zhen: The highways of later generations look majestic and spectacular. I don’t know if our country, the Song Dynasty, will be able to build such a highway one day.

Although there are currently no expressways in the Song Dynasty, official roads have been built with Bianjing as the center to reach various prefectures and counties.

The official roads built in the Song Dynasty often required local governments to plant elms and willows on both sides of the official roads.

Some areas that are not suitable for planting elms and willows can also plant some miscellaneous trees on both sides of the official road. In addition, in some states and counties, fir, pine, willow, etc. can be planted on both sides of the official road.

There are no strict requirements for what should be planted on both sides of the official road. After all, the purpose of planting these plants is only to prevent dust.

However, although plants used to prevent dust and sand were planted on the official road, the effect was not obvious.

In many cases, the dust on official roads is still very large, which is also an irreparable flaw in official roads.

In fact, in addition to the big flaw of the official road, there is another flaw.

Since the roads are all dirt, they cannot withstand heavy rains.

The official roads in Hebei were constantly damaged by heavy rains for years, so he issued a special edict to dig drainage ditches on both sides of the official roads.

This measure of his has been widely used across the country, and to a certain extent has alleviated the problem of official roads being easily damaged by heavy rain and water.

"After 2016, it will be the comprehensive standardization and high-quality development stage of my country's highways."

"After more than 40 years of development since the reform and opening up, my country's highway transportation has experienced a development process from bottleneck constraints to overall relief, and then to basically advanced development."

"The total highway scale ranks among the top in the world, and the highway mileage ranks first in the world."

"By the end of 2020, the total mileage of expressways will reach 15.5 kilometers, and the main line of the national expressway network will be basically completed."

“In the 13th Five-Year Plan Period, a large number of major engineering projects have been completed and started construction, which has strongly supported the implementation of major national strategies.”

"In terms of transportation construction in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, a large number of expressway construction projects are being implemented at a fast pace and are expected to be completed within the year."

"In terms of transportation construction in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, many cross-river bridges have been completed and opened to traffic, making the two sides of the Yangtze River more closely connected."

"In terms of the construction of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, major projects such as the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge have been completed and opened to traffic, and highway transportation infrastructure has been continuously improved."

"In the 13th Five-Year Plan period, highway development will enter a new era of comprehensively deepening reforms, shifting from focusing on mileage scale to paying more attention to sustainable development."

"The Ministry of Transport has clearly proposed the construction of green highways based on excellent quality and with ecological and environmental protection as the main feature."

"Five major construction tasks were proposed and five special actions were decided to promote the sustainable development of highway construction."

"A number of highway pilot projects have been identified successively, and a number of green highway construction experience results have been initially formed that can be promoted."

"After more than 40 years of development, my country's highway construction has achieved world-renowned achievements."

"As of the end of 2020, the total mileage of expressways has exceeded 15.5 kilometers, and a large number of representative major engineering projects have emerged."

Zhu Di: I have ordered the construction of an expressway between Beijing and Nanjing. I believe it will be completed in a short time.

When he got the cement formula before, he thought about building a cement road from Beijing to Nanjing.

After this period of preparation, the first highway belonging to Ming Dynasty is about to break ground.

Although strictly speaking, cement roads are far inferior to highways in later generations.

But for the road conditions in the Ming Dynasty, it is not an exaggeration to say that the cement road is the Ming Dynasty version of the expressway.

After the founding of the Ming Dynasty, on the one hand, the transportation roads of the previous generation were repaired.

On the other hand, newly built roads have formed transportation arteries extending in all directions across the country.

There were currently three main types of traffic roads in the Ming Dynasty: post roads, delivery roads, and private roads.

The main user of the post road was the imperial court, so it can also be said to be an official road.

The official road is used by the government and is not open to the public. A dedicated person will be responsible for repairing the road conditions at each period of time.

Post stations will be set up every other section of the official road to provide accommodation, meals, and horse exchanges, which will be specially managed by the imperial court.

Official roads played more roles than highways in later generations. They not only performed the function of communication, but also required official roads to deliver official documents.

The official road is the best and widest road in the country, easy to walk and smooth.

The delivery route is different. It is responsible for the supply of materials. This road is a dedicated line.

A dedicated line dedicated to military purposes, dedicated to dedicated personnel, and can only be used by the military.

Ordinary army mobilization and wartime army marches often take this route.

Folk roads are roads used by ordinary people, mainly including rural roads and nameless roads.

The characteristics of this kind of road are that it is numerous and complex, the distance is short, and the road condition is poor.

The starting point of these roads is mainly to facilitate the production and life of ordinary people, and they are used frequently.

It often connects several villages, so the journey is not too long.

And because of neglect, the roads are full of potholes.

On rainy days, it becomes even more muddy and difficult to step on.

However, he believes that sooner or later, cement roads will be everywhere across the country.

(End of this chapter)