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Chapter 341 Medical Saint Zhang Zhongjing

As Li Shizhen was hailed as the Saint of Medicine, some famous doctors throughout the ages could not help but feel disappointed.

After all, as the host said, a saint is someone who has made the greatest contribution in a field.

Now that Li Shizhen has taken the position of saint, it means that they will no longer have this honor.

Especially for great doctors like Bian Que and Hua Tuo, one can imagine how disappointed they felt.

But soon, they discovered that this was not the case.

Li Shizhen is the Saint of Medicine, and was canonized for his great medical work "Compendium of Materia Medica".

Zhang Zhongjing wrote the Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, which has been passed down through the ages and he is revered as the Saint of Medicine by later generations.

"Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" is a clinical medicine masterpiece that integrates theory and practice, and combines principles, methods, prescriptions and medicines.

Zhang Zhongjing's prescriptions for treating diseases are the culmination of the work of many sages before him.

Zhang Zhongjing is to medicine what Confucius is to Confucianism.

"Zhang Zhongjing, also known by his given name Ji and courtesy name Zhongjing, was born in Nanyang, Henan."

"A famous medical scientist in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, who was later honored as the Medical Saint."

"Zhang Zhongjing was born into a declining bureaucratic family. His father, Zhang Zonghan, was a scholar and an official in the imperial court."

"Due to the special conditions of his family, Zhang Zhongjing had the opportunity to come into contact with many ancient books since he was a child."

"He was also studious, well-read, and passionate about medicine."

"He read the story of Bian Que's diagnosis of Duke Huan of Qi in history books and was very impressed by Bian Que's great medical skills."

"From then on, he developed a strong interest in medicine, which laid the foundation for him to become a great medical master."

"At that time, society was divided and the world was in turmoil."

"Peasant uprisings broke out one after another, wars continued, and there was chaos and war everywhere."

"The common people suffered greatly from the war, and with the epidemic spreading, many people died."

"It was a tragedy of devastation and corpses everywhere. It was horrible to watch."

"And local forces are too busy to take care of themselves, so they start wars to fight for power."

"This made Zhang Zhongjing hate officialdom and despise official career since he was a child, and he felt pity for the people, which gave rise to his desire to learn medicine and save the people."

"In 161 AD, when Zhang Zhongjing was about ten years old, he became a disciple of Zhang Bozu, a famous doctor from the same county, and learned medical skills."

"Zhang Bozu's medical skills were very advanced at the time and he was deeply loved and respected by the local people."

"He has a calm personality, lives a simple life, and studies medicine diligently."

"Every time I see a patient and prescribe a prescription, I do it very carefully and thoughtfully."

"Nine out of ten patients he treated recovered, and he was highly respected by the people."

"Zhang Zhongjing studied medicine with his teacher very diligently. Whether he was out diagnosing patients or going up the mountain to collect herbs, he was never afraid of hardship or fatigue."

"Zhang Bozu liked this apprentice very much and passed on his rich experience accumulated throughout his life as a doctor to Zhang Zhongjing without reservation."

"A fellow villager who was older than Zhang Zhongjing knew him well and said that Zhang Zhongjing was a man of extraordinary talent, studious, intelligent and steady."

"But if you don't have the temperament and demeanor to be an official, you are not fit to be one."

"As long as you concentrate on studying medicine, you will definitely become a famous doctor in the future."

"The words of his fellow townsman and friends further strengthened Zhang Zhongjing's determination to study medicine, and he studied even harder from then on."

"He read a lot of medical books and absorbed the experience of various doctors for clinical diagnosis, which made great progress."

"He soon became a famous doctor, and even surpassed his teacher."

"Zhang Zhongjing advocated diligently seeking ancient teachings and conscientiously studying and summarizing the theoretical experience of predecessors."

"The late Eastern Han Dynasty, when Zhang Zhongjing lived, was an extremely turbulent era in Chinese history."

"Within the ruling class, there was chaos with foreign relatives and eunuchs fighting and killing each other, and the landlords and tyrants also went to war for hegemony over the Central Plains."

"Peasant uprisings broke out everywhere, and the whole world was in turmoil."

"People have been fleeing the war, and there are no fewer than millions of people displaced."

"In 190 AD, the first year of Emperor Xian of Han, Dong Zhuo took Emperor Xian of Han and millions of people from Luoyang and moved west to Chang'an."

"All the palaces in Luoyang were burned down, and the area within a radius of 200 miles was completely scorched earth. Countless people died on the way to exile."

Zhang Zhongjing: Now it seems that I made the right decision to study medicine, otherwise I would not have been famous for generations.

To be honest, being able to be awarded the title of Medical Saint in the field of medicine was far beyond his expectations.

However, when I think back on the hardships I went through studying medicine, it is all worth it at this moment.

He initially treated people in his hometown, and later went to Luoyang and other places to practice medicine.

He was good at using classical prescriptions to treat patients. Classic prescriptions are prescriptions based on experience left by predecessors. They have simple medicinal properties and significant therapeutic effects, but they are relatively scattered and not easy to learn.

After years of diligent research, he used these prescriptions to cure many patients.

Gradually, he was called the Master of Jingfang among the people and his reputation was very high.

In addition, he went to Xiangyang to study with the famous doctor Wang Shenxian, and later went to Maoshan to learn medical skills from an old Taoist priest.

As a result, his medical skills continued to improve and he became somewhat famous in Nanyang.

The rulers of the time did not attach importance to medicine, and superstition and witchcraft were prevalent in society.

Many poor people were deceived by witches and sorcerers and used magic water to treat diseases, but ended up losing their lives.

He hated these witches and sorcerers very much, and whenever he encountered such things as defrauding people of their money or taking their lives, he would intervene.

He used his medical results to oppose witchcraft and superstition and save people from danger.

In order to free more patients from witchcraft and superstition, he even created a new medical technique to treat people.

During his medical practice, he often saw some doctors who were perfunctory in treating patients, prescribed medicine hastily, and deceived people with just their clever words.

He was very serious about medicine and was very disgusted with such irresponsible attitude and quack practices.

When he was treating a patient, he would always carefully observe the patient's complexion, listen to the various sounds the patient made, and ask the patient how he felt.

And combined with pulse diagnosis, a comprehensive analysis of the condition is conducted to make an accurate diagnosis.

With continuous learning, his diagnostic skills are improving day by day.

Wang Zhongxuan, one of the Seven Sages of the Jian'an Period, felt his talent was not appreciated, so he went to his fellow townsman, Liu Biao, the governor of Jingzhou, to work as his aide.

Wang Zhongxuan was short, suffered from illness for many years, and had a weak constitution.

He was often asked to diagnose and treat illnesses, so the two of them had frequent interactions.

He once met Wang Zhongxuan and warned him when he saw that the other party looked unhappy.

Wang Zhongxuan has already contracted the disease and should be treated promptly, otherwise his eyebrows will fall out at the age of 40. Not only will it be difficult to treat at that time, but his life will be in danger for the next six months.

At that time, Wang Zhongxuan was only 20 years old and in high spirits. He was very unhappy after hearing this.

They thought he was showing off his medical skills and did not take the medicine he prescribed.

Sure enough, twenty years later, Wang Zhongxuan's eyebrows really fell out.

It was too late to treat the disease at this time, and he died after only half a year.

After years of study and practice, his medical skills have improved day by day.

Now thinking back on the difficult journey, he is extremely glad that he chose to study medicine.

"According to historical records, there were three major epidemics during the reign of Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, five major epidemics during the reign of Emperor Ling, and even worse epidemics during the reign of Emperor Xian during the Jian'an period."

"Thousands of ordinary people were devoured by the disease, resulting in an unprecedented disaster where nine out of ten houses were empty."

“其中又以东汉灵帝时期的公元171年、173年、179年、182年、185年等几次的疫病流行规模最大。”

"The Nanyang region also suffered from a series of plague outbreaks at the time, and many people died as a result."

"Faced with the ravages of the plague, Zhang Zhongjing was filled with grief and indignation."

"He hated the corruption of the rulers, who pushed the people into dire straits."

"In response to this, Zhang Zhongjing made up his mind to study the diagnosis and treatment of typhoid fever and was determined to conquer this plague."

"Although Zhang Zhongjing hated officialdom and despised official career since he was a child."

"But because his father had served as an official in the imperial court, Zhang Zhongjing inherited his family's family background and was selected as a filial and honest official by the prefecture during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, and entered the officialdom."

"The Han Dynasty began to implement the system of selecting officials based on filial piety and integrity, starting with Emperor Wu of Han. Selecting filial piety and integrity was a method used by the Han Dynasty to discover and train candidates for official positions."

"It is stipulated that every 200,000 households must recommend one filial and honest person each year, who will be appointed to an official position by the imperial court."

"In addition to being knowledgeable and talented, the selected students must also be filial to their parents and behave honestly, so they are called filial and honest."

"In the Han Dynasty, filial piety and integrity were already a subject for selecting officials, and those without filial piety and integrity could not serve as officials."

"During the Jian'an period, Zhang Zhongjing was appointed by the imperial court as the governor of Changsha."

"But he used his medical skills to relieve the people's pain."

"In the feudal era, officials could not enter private homes or get close to the people at will."

"But if I don't interact with the people, I can't treat them, and my medical skills won't improve."

"So Zhang Zhongjing came up with a plan. He chose the first and fifteenth day of every month to open the government office, not to deal with government affairs, and let the sick people in."

"He sat upright in the lobby, carefully treating each of the people."

"He asked the yamen runners to post a notice to reassure the people and inform them of the news."

"His actions had a strong impact on the local area. The people all applauded and supported Zhang Zhongjing even more. Over time, it became a routine."

"On the first and fifteenth day of the lunar calendar, people from all over the country gathered in front of his government office to seek medical treatment, and some even came from far away with their luggage." "Later, people called the doctors who sat in the pharmacy to treat patients "sitting doctors" to commemorate Zhang Zhongjing."

"Zhang Zhongjing saw that the people had great trust in him, so he continued to strive for excellence in medical skills and explore new areas."

"He collected a large number of folk remedies and conducted serious research."

“Sometimes, we even travel long distances to learn from a master.”

"Once, Zhang Zhongjing heard that there was a famous doctor nicknamed Wang Shenxian in Tongji Hall in Xiangyang City who had a lot of experience in treating back sores."

"He immediately packed his luggage and traveled hundreds of miles to worship Immortal Wang as his teacher."

"I have studied and researched the unique knowledge of Immortal Wang on medicinal properties and medical science, and have benefited greatly from it."

"Although Zhang Zhongjing's medical skills were very advanced, there were some diseases that he could not cure."

Li Shizhen: Zhang Zhongjing was called the Saint of Medicine by later generations, which is not only a high praise for his superb medical skills, but also a sincere praise for his benevolent heart as a doctor.

To be revered as a saint, this standard is still very high.

Not everyone can be called a saint. It is not enough to just make outstanding contributions. One must also have a compassionate heart like a doctor and care about the people.

In terms of medical ethics and medical style, Zhang Zhongjing set an example for later generations of doctors, and his virtues, kindness and good deeds are remembered by the world.

During the chaotic times at the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing gave up fame and fortune, and after going through numerous hardships, he wrote Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases.

This book that saves lives has saved countless people's lives, and it can even be said to have saved Chinese medical civilization.

The medical book "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" is divided into sixteen volumes. It systematically analyzes the causes, symptoms, development stages and treatment methods of typhoid fever, and brings the clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine to a new stage.

Doctors of later generations called the more than 300 prescriptions among them "classic prescriptions", and these prescriptions have since become the standard for medical use.

Zhang Zhongjing practiced medicine in his clinic, came into contact with all kinds of patients and encountered various difficult and complicated diseases.

In the process of treating patients, he constantly summed up his experience, collected a large number of folk prescriptions, conducted serious research and exploration, and his medical skills became more sophisticated.

Based on the work of predecessors and combined with his own diagnostic examples, he proposed the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment, which is the two processes of syndrome differentiation and treatment.

Syndrome differentiation is to analyze the information and symptoms collected through observation, auscultation, questioning and palpation, and to identify the cause, nature and location of the disease, and then make a general judgment as to a syndrome of a certain nature.

Treatment means determining the appropriate treatment method based on the results of syndrome differentiation.

Accurate treatment can be achieved through syndrome differentiation and treatment, rather than treating the symptoms without addressing the root cause.

This has become the basic principle of clinical practice of traditional Chinese medicine and the soul of traditional Chinese medicine.

The medical work "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" integrates theory, methods, prescriptions and medicines into one, and pioneered the method of syndrome differentiation and treatment.

It has formed a unique system of Chinese medical thought, which has played a huge role in promoting the development of medicine in later generations.

Zhang Zhongjing's noble medical ethics and contributions to medicine have earned him special honor in the history of medicine.

Zhang Zhongjing is known as the Saint of Medicine, and he deserves the title and should be revered by all generations.

"As the saying goes, after a great army, there will be a year of disaster."

"During the late Eastern Han Dynasty, wars were frequent and the constant fighting led to the spread of plague."

"During the Jian'an period, there were five major plague outbreaks, which killed many people."

"Some county towns became ghost towns, with the highest number of deaths from typhoid fever."

"Zhang Zhongjing's family was originally a large family, with a population of more than 200 people."

"Since the beginning of the Jian'an period, in less than ten years, two-thirds of the population has died from plague, of which seven-tenths died from typhoid fever."

"Some quack doctors took advantage of the situation and did not take the patient's pulse carefully or talk to the patient for a short while before prescribing medicine, just to make money."

"Many people learn from famous doctors but do not make progress and stick to the old ways."

"Not carefully studying medical prescriptions and techniques to cure the people's pains."

“Instead, they competed for power and glory and forgot their own duties.”

"Zhang Zhongjing was very angry with these people and severely rebuked them."

"He was determined to control the plague and eradicate typhoid fever."

"From then on, he diligently studied ancient teachings and read extensively."

“Studying ancient medical books such as Suwen diligently, inheriting the basic theories of classical medical books such as Neijing, and extensively drawing on the treatment methods of other doctors.”

"Combining personal clinical diagnosis experience, he studied the treatment of typhoid fever and began to write "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" in the tenth year of Jian'an."

"At this time, the Eastern Han Dynasty was falling apart."

"Zhang Zhongjing couldn't be an official, and it was hard for him to go home."

"So he went to live in seclusion in Lingnan, where he concentrated on studying medicine and writing medical books."

"After decades of hard work, Zhang Zhongjing collected a large amount of information."

"Including his personal experience in clinical practice, he wrote the 210-volume Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, which was completed around AD and became widely circulated."

"However, such a glorious historical figure has not been recorded in official history books such as the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han, but has only been mentioned in folk legends or unofficial historical notes of later generations."

"In the Jin Dynasty, the famous doctor Wang Shuhe compiled it."

"It was not until the Song Dynasty that it was gradually divided into two books, "Treatise on Febrile Diseases" and "Golden Chamber Synopsis", and "Golden Chamber Synopsis" is the miscellaneous disease section of "Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases"."

"The Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases systematically summarizes the theory of syndrome differentiation and treatment, and has made important contributions to the development of the etiology theory and prescription theory of traditional Chinese medicine."

"Later, Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases was regarded as the ancestor of prescription books, and Zhang Zhongjing was also praised as the master of classical prescriptions."

"After Zhang Zhongjing wrote Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases, he continued to concentrate on studying medicine until his death."

"It was not until 285 AD, after Emperor Wu of Jin, Sima Yan, unified the country, that Zhang Zhongjing's remains were transported back to his hometown for burial, and the Medical Saint Temple and Zhongjing Tomb were built in Nanyang."

Su Shi: Although Zhang Zhongjing is not recorded in official history, it does not mean that he did not exist.

Zhang Zhongjing served as the prefect of Changsha. His medical books such as "Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases" were widely circulated among the people and he was given the title of "Medical Saint" and his name was recorded in history.

However, despite the great contributions made by Zhang Zhongjing in the field of medicine, they were not recorded in official history books such as the "Records of the Three Kingdoms".

However, Hua Tuo and Dong Feng, two famous doctors of the same period as Zhang Zhongjing, left extensive records about them in the Records of the Three Kingdoms and the Book of the Later Han.

Dong Feng's Xinglin is flourishing, and Xinglin has gradually become a synonym for the traditional Chinese medicine industry.

Among the three famous doctors in the Eastern Han Dynasty, two of them have biographies in history books, but only the medical saint Zhang Zhongjing is not mentioned in the official history.

There are records about Zhang Zhongjing in the "Changsha City Chronicles" compiled by later generations. In the 13th year of Jian'an, there was an epidemic in Changsha. The prefect Zhang Zhongjing used his medical skills to provide free medical treatment to the common people in the court and saved many lives.

Folk legends are spread in the streets and alleys, and anyone you ask will know them by heart.

It was as if Zhang Zhongjing was a family member, right in front of me, a respected relative and a worshipped saint.

According to the Changsha City Chronicles, Zhang Zhongjing was still the prefect of Changsha in the 13th year of Jian'an.

This year happened to be the time when Cao Cao and Liu Bei were fighting for Jingzhou.

After Cao Cao was defeated, Liu Bei took over the four counties in the south of the Yangtze River, and Changsha County was also placed under Liu Bei's control.

Shu Han was founded in 221 AD and perished in 263 AD.

Zhang Zhongjing died of illness in 219. Even if Zhang Zhongjing could be mentioned in history books, it should be in the "Book of Shu" in the Records of the Three Kingdoms, not in the "Book of Wei".

But unfortunately, historical materials about Shu officials are extremely scarce.

Local officials like Zhang Zhongjing resigned from their posts and lived in seclusion in the countryside in their later years, devoting themselves to writing.

It is normal that it was not recorded by historians of Shu Han and Cao Wei.

However, it is an indisputable fact that Hua Tuo, a contemporary of Hua Tuo, was included in history books.

Although a successful and famous doctor, Hua Tuo often felt regretful.

It was because the society at that time was quite prejudiced against doctors, so the status of doctors was generally not high, far lower than that of the gentry.

Although Hua Tuo was famous, he still yearned for a career in officialdom.

Hua Tuo started out treating minor local officials such as county clerks, and gradually moved on to treating local officials such as county magistrates.

Finally, he was able to gain access to the world and came into contact with Cao Cao as an ordinary country doctor.

Unfortunately, serving the emperor is like serving a tiger. Cao Cao had a headache, and Hua Tuo had to perform a craniotomy to treat him.

This angered the suspicious Cao Cao, and he was eventually imprisoned and died.

Hua Tuo often traveled among officials' homes for many years and had a great reputation, so it is not difficult to understand why he was recorded in history books.

In contrast, Zhang Zhongjing's main activities were in Changsha, where he mingled among the common people and finally lived in seclusion to write.

The only famous person from the late Han Dynasty he made friends with was Wang Zhongxuan, one of the Seven Sages of the Jian'an Period. Without the fame and influence of being in the court, he failed to become famous in the world.

When Chen Shou wrote the "Records of the Three Kingdoms", he was very frugal with his words.

Zhang Zhongjing was just a prefect in a chaotic time. Moreover, his act of practicing medicine in a public hall was despised by the literati at that time. It is completely understandable that it was not recorded in the official history.

Zhang Zhongjing's deeds are not recorded in official histories such as "Records of the Three Kingdoms", but his medical achievements are often seen in classics from the Wei, Jin, Sui and Tang dynasties.

The first person to mention Zhang Zhongjing was Wang Shuhe, the chief physician of the Western Jin Dynasty.

Zhang Zhongjing and Wang Shuhe lived only a few decades apart, so Wang Shuhe's words should be quite credible.

Another famous medical expert of the same period, Huangfu Mi, also highly praised Zhang Zhongjing.

In addition, Huangfu Mi was born into a family of historians and had mastered many classics. What he knew about Zhang Zhongjing and his deeds was by no means groundless.

The era in which Wang Shuhe and Huangfu Mi lived was only a few decades away from the late Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period.

They all mentioned Zhang Zhongjing in their works and regarded him as a famous doctor who was no less famous than Hua Tuo.

It can be seen that Zhang Zhongjing was not an imaginary figure, nor a legend, but a medical saint who actually cured people of their illnesses and chronic diseases.

(End of this chapter)