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In the brilliant galaxy of ancient Chinese literature, Li Yu, the last ruler of the Southern Tang Dynasty, is undoubtedly one of the most dazzling stars.

Li Yu's life began as an emperor and ended as a poet. He was a tragic poet.

His poems inherited the tradition of the Huajian School and were also influenced by other poets. They are vivid in imagery and sincere in emotion.

The poems he wrote after the fall of his country have a wider range of themes and deeper meanings.

It is unique among the poems of the late Tang and Five Dynasties, and has a profound influence on the poetry world of later generations.

Therefore, Li Yu was also praised by later generations as the Emperor of Ci or the Emperor of Ci through the Ages, and his Ci was divided by the period when his country was destroyed and he was captured.

In the first half of his life, he was the king of Southern Tang and lived a very luxurious life.

The themes of the lyrics also often depict palace life, love between men and women, or sadness of separation.

After the country was destroyed, there was a difference between heaven and earth, and a lonely and sad situation.

This made his poems turn to writing about homesickness and hatred for the loss of his country, and he achieved great success.

Li Yu's life can be described as a play of fate.

He had no intention of becoming emperor. As the sixth son of Li Jing, Emperor Yuanzong of Southern Tang, it was not his turn to be emperor.

But his elder brother's successor passed away, so he had to become emperor.

However, not long after, the Southern Tang was destroyed by the Song Dynasty, and Li Yu was imprisoned.

It was also when Li Yu was a prisoner that his poems became better and better, and more and more sad.

"Li Yu was the sixth child of Li Jing, the Yuanzong of Southern Tang. His mother was Zhong, and he was born in the first year of the Shengyuan period of Southern Tang."

"Li Yu was quite intelligent when he was young, loved reading, and was good at poetry, painting, and music."

"At the same time, Li Yu was born with a broad and square forehead, plump cheeks, overlapping teeth, and two pupils in one eye."

"And because of his strange appearance, he was suspected by his elder brother, Crown Prince Wenxian."

"In order to avoid disaster, Li Yu never asked about government affairs and immersed himself in poetry and books."

"For this reason, Li Yu also wrote poems such as "Autumn Oriole" to express his desire to escape from the troubles of the world and live in seclusion in the mountains."

"In the first year of the Xiande reign of the Later Zhou Dynasty, Li Yu married Ehuang, the eldest daughter of Zhou Zong, an old minister of the Southern Tang Dynasty."

"After marriage, the two fell in love, and their lingering love inspired Li Yu's strong desire to create."

"During the time when he was with Ehuang, Li Yu wrote many masterpieces, and Xie Xin'en depicts the deep love between him and Ehuang."

"Just five years after their marriage, Li Yu and Ehuang's eldest son, Li Zhongyu, was born."

"In the sixth year of Xiande of the Later Zhou Dynasty, Prince Wenxian Li Hongji died of illness, and Li Yu was named King of Wu and lived in the Eastern Palace."

"Zhong Mo submitted a memorial saying that Li Yu was reckless and presumptuous, and requested that Li Congshan, Duke of Ji, be appointed as the crown prince."

"Emperor Yuanzong Li Jing was furious and demoted Zhong Mo to the position of Director of the Imperial Academy and appointed Li Yu as the Crown Prince."

"In the second year of Song Jianlong, Li Jing moved the capital to Nandu and left Li Yu as regent."

"In June of the same year, Li Jing died, and Li Yu ascended the throne in Jinling."

"Respectfully call my mother the Holy Queen, enthrone my consort Zhou as the Queen, enthrone my brothers, and grant amnesty to the whole world."

"This year, Li Yu's second son, Li Zhongxuan, was born."

"After ascending the throne, Li Yu immediately sent the Minister of Revenue Feng Mi to pay tribute to the Song court and present a memorial to the emperor."

"They expressed their intention to continue to respect the Song Dynasty as the orthodox dynasty, and Emperor Taizu of Song, Zhao Kuangyin, also agreed to the Southern Tang's request."

"After ascending the throne, Li Yu wrote many poems to express his melancholy, such as "Picking Mulberry Leaves" and "Thanking New Grace".

"At the same time, there are also many poems that show Li Yu's extravagant life, such as "Yulouchun", which describes the grand scene of singing and dancing in the Spring Palace at that time."

"In the third year of the Jianlong reign of the Song Dynasty, Li Yu sent the guest envoy Zhai Rubi to the capital to pay tribute, and Emperor Taizu of Song, Zhao Kuangyin, released those who surrendered from the Southern Tang."

"In November, Li Yu sent Gu Yi, a doctor from the Ministry of Water Resources, to the capital to pay tribute."

"Therefore, in the first year of the Qiande reign of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizu of Song sent envoys to reward sheep and horses."

"In March, Emperor Taizu of Song led an army to pacify Jinghu, and Li Yu sent envoys to reward the army."

"In December of the same year, Li Yu submitted a petition requesting the abolition of the etiquette of not addressing names in imperial edicts, but his request was not granted."

"In the second year of the Qiande reign of the Song Dynasty, Li Yu conferred titles on his eldest son and second son as Duke of Qingyuan and Duke of Xuancheng, respectively."

"On October 26, the eldest son Li Zhongyu passed away."

"At this time, Queen Ehuang was already seriously ill."

"After hearing the news of his son's death, his condition worsened due to grief and he passed away soon after."

"After Ehuang died, Li Yu was very sad and wrote a 2,000-word mourning poem to recall his love life with Ehuang."

"In November, Emperor Taizu of Song sent Wei Pi, deputy envoy of the workshop, to offer condolences."

"In May of the following year, Yan Xu, the Minister of Works and Minister of State, was dismissed and appointed as the military governor of Zhenhai Army."

"In September, the Holy Empress Zhong passed away, and Emperor Taizu of Song then sent Li Guangtu, the Dyeing House envoy, to offer condolences."

Su Shi: Li Yu's poems are breathtakingly beautiful, extremely sad, and touching.

"Poppy Poppies. When is the Spring Flower and Autumn Moon"

When is Chunhuaqiuyue and how much do you know about the past?

The small building was windy last night, so the country is unbearable looking back on the moon!
The jade carving of the carved fence should still be there, only Zhu Yangai.

Q. How worried can Jun be? It looks like a river of spring flowing eastward.

This poem is Li Yu's representative work and also his last poem, written when Li Yu was imprisoned in Bian Jing.

After writing this poem expressing his longing for his homeland, Emperor Zhao Guangyi ordered Li Yu to be executed, so this poem is also a elegy for Li Yu's life.

The poem expresses the author's deep longing for his homeland and endless sorrow through the description of natural scenes such as spring flowers, autumn moon, and east wind blowing on the small building.

The line in the poem, "How much sorrow can one have?" is just like a river of spring water flowing eastward.

The use of metaphors to concretize the melancholy mood vividly shows the author's unspeakable pain and helplessness.

"Happy Meeting·Walking Alone to the West Tower without Words"

Silently, I went up to the west tower alone, the moon was like a hook.

The lonely Wutong deep courtyard locks Qingqiu.

It's sorrow to keep cutting, and the reason is chaotic.

Don't be the general taste.

This was written when Li Yu was imprisoned in the Song Kingdom. After the fall of Southern Tang, Li Yu surrendered with his body bared and was imprisoned in Bianjing, the capital of Northern Song.

Song Taizu Zhao Kuangyin conferred the title of Marquis of Disobedience on Li Yu because he had defended the city and resisted.

Li Yu had to endure humiliation and live the life of a prisoner, and this poem describes his helplessness and sorrow.

This poem is inspired by the scenery, and expresses the author's inner loneliness and sorrow through the lonely scene of going up the west tower alone in silence and seeing the crescent moon.

The phrase "cutting and untangling" in the lyrics refers to the sorrow of separation. The tangled silk threads are used to metaphorize the sorrow of separation, vividly depicting the author's complex inner world.

The whole poem is full of deep emotion and profound artistic conception. It is the pioneering work of the graceful style of poetry in the early Song Dynasty.

"Lang Tao Sha Ling: The rain is trickling outside the curtain"

The rain is gurgling outside the curtain, the spring is fading, and the quilt cannot bear the cold at midnight.

I don't know if I am a guest in my dream, and I am greedy for a while.

Don't lean on the fence when you are alone. The world is unlimited. It is easy to say goodbye but difficult to see others.

Flowing water and flowers are going to spring, heaven and earth.

The tone of this poem is low and sad, revealing Li Yu, the king of a fallen country, who has endless longing for his homeland. It can be said that this is a tortuous and sad elegy.

The poem uses the sound of rain as the background, and creates a desolate and deserted atmosphere through the description of the trickling rain outside the curtain and the fading spring.

The sentence "I am not aware that I am just a guest in the dream, and I am greedy for a moment of pleasure" expresses the author's emotion of temporarily forgetting the pain of reality and greedily seeking a moment of happiness in the dream.

The last sentence "Flowing water, falling flowers, and spring are gone" expresses the current situation of heaven and earth with a long sigh, which means that water flows, flowers fall, spring is gone, and people die. It is difficult to return to the homeland, which is a world of difference.

The whole poem is sincere, deep and sad, revealing the author's deep pain of losing his country and the sorrow of being a prisoner.

"In the first year of the Song Dynasty's Kaibao reign, Li Yu married Zhou and made her his queen."

"In the next two years, Li Yu built many Buddhist temples in the country, converted monks and nuns, and personally went to worship Buddha and recite scriptures."

"In the fourth year of Kaibao, Li Yu heard that Taizu had destroyed the Southern Han and stationed in Hanyang, and he was terrified."

"He sent the Grand Commandant and the Minister of the Central Secretariat, Prince Zheng Li Congshan, to pay tribute, claiming to be the ruler of Jiangnan and requesting that the etiquette of addressing people by their names in imperial edicts be abolished."

"Emperor Taizu of Song agreed to his request, but detained Li Congshan, the King of Han."

"Li Yu personally wrote a memorial requesting that Li Congshan be allowed to return to the country, but was not granted."

"At that time, the Song army was already preparing to cross the river, and a merchant came to report it."

"The Song army built a thousand warships in Jingnan. Please burn them secretly."

"But Li Yu was afraid and didn't dare to agree."

"In the first month of the following year, Li Yu issued another order to degrade the ritual system and change the edict into a teaching."

"The Zhongshu Menxia was changed into the Zuo and You Neishifu, and the Shangshu Sheng was changed into the Sihuifu."

"The Imperial Censorate was changed to the Ministry of Censors, and the Imperial Academy was changed to the Academy of Literature."

"The Privy Council was changed to Guangzhengyuan, the Dali Temple was changed to Xianxingyuan, and the Kesheng was changed to Yanlibinyuan."

"At the same time, Li Yu also changed his official title to circumvent the court and show his submission."

"On the fourteenth day of the ninth month of the intercalary year, Emperor Taizu of Song appointed the tribute envoy, Duke of Chu, Li Congshan, as the governor of Taining Army and kept him in the capital."

"He also awarded a house in Bianyangfang and expressed his wish for Li Yu to enter the court."

"So Li Yu sent the Minister of Revenue Feng Yanlu to express his gratitude, and Feng Yanlu arrived in the capital."

"Because of illness, he returned before he even had the chance to see Emperor Taizu of Song."

"In the sixth year of the Kaibao reign of the Song Dynasty, Emperor Taizu of Song sent Lu Duosun, a scholar from the Hanlin Academy, to the Southern Tang Dynasty to ask for maps of the states in the south of the Yangtze River."

"When Li Yu heard that Taizu was planning to raise an army, he submitted a petition to Song Taizu asking him to confer a title on him and officially make him a vassal of Song, but Song Taizu did not agree."

"In October of the same year, Pan You, the secretary of the Internal History Department, felt that the country was in decline, and wrote a letter to the emperor, urging him to appoint Li Ping, the assistant minister of the Ministry of Revenue, as the minister of the Chancellery."

"Pan You and Li Ping have always been good friends. Xu Xuan and Zhang Li suggested that Li Ping spread rumors and misled the people, inciting Pan You to commit crimes."

"Li Yu thought that Li Ping was the cause of this incident, so he sent people to jail him."

"Pan You committed suicide at home, and Li Ping hanged himself in prison."

"After ascending the throne, Li Yu always served the Central Plains with a respectful attitude and respected the Song court."

"During this period, Li Yu wrote a memorial to Emperor Taizu of Song upon his accession to the throne to express his intention to not compete for power with the Song court."

“Although he kept giving in and bowing his head, Li Yu still couldn’t shake off the fear of his country’s demise.”

“But even so, Li Yu still created masterpieces such as "Occasional Writings on September 10th" and "The Crow Cries at Night."

"In the seventh year of Emperor Kaibao's reign, in order to gain an excuse to attack the south, Emperor Taizu of Song sent someone to invite Li Yu to go north to the Song court to participate in the emperor's sacrificial ceremony."

"Li Yu felt that the situation was not good, so he said he was ill and could not go." "At that time, Song Taizu had already sent Yingzhou Tuanlian Envoy Cao Han to lead the army from Jiangling, and ordered Xuanhui Nanyuan Envoy Cao Bin, Imperial Guards Ma Jun Du Yuhou Li Hanqiong, and Hezhou Governor Tian Qinzuo to lead the fleet to set off by water."

"After Li Yu claimed to be ill, Emperor Taizu ordered Pan Mei, the governor of Shannan East Road, Liu Yudong, the imperial guards, and Liang Jiong, the governor of Shanggemen, to lead the army to attack by land and water at the same time."

Fan Zhongyan: Li Yu only needed one tragic experience to go from a king of a fallen country to the greatest poet of all time.

"Pozhenzi. Family and Country in the Past Forty Years"

In the past forty years, our country and our country have spread over three thousand miles of mountains and rivers.

The Phoenix Pavilion and the Dragon Tower reach the sky, the jade trees and branches are covered with mist and vines, how have you ever seen war?
Once you become a captive, you will sink your waist and wear your temples to spend time.

The most hurried day was the day of leaving the temple. The music troupe was still playing the farewell song, and I shed tears to the palace maids.

This poem was also written after the emperor surrendered to the Song Dynasty. Li Yu led 45 people including his relatives and entourage, surrendered with their naked bodies, and bid farewell to the Jiangnan region that was imprinted with countless beautiful memories.

After surrendering to the Song Dynasty, Li Yu used this piece of "Poetry of Breaking the Formation" to record the scene and feelings of his eternal farewell to Ducheng.

The first part of the poem describes the prosperity of Southern Tang, which had never experienced any war. Li Yu sang praises to his motherland with great pride.

The second half of the poem describes the miserable situation and sadness when the couple was broke when going abroad in a realistic way.

The whole poem describes the story from the founding of a country to its demise, from extreme prosperity to extreme decline, from extreme joy to extreme sorrow.

It seems to be just an ordinary realism, but it is full of nostalgia for the homeland and regret for the loss of the country.

"Looking at Jiangnan: How Much Hate"

How much hatred was in my dream last night.

It still looks like the old days when you were swimming in Shangyuan, with cars like flowing water and horses like dragons.

The flowers and the moon are in the spring breeze.

After Li Yu surrendered to the Song Dynasty, he fell from being a supreme ruler above everyone else to a prisoner who was humiliated at the mercy of others, experiencing the greatest joys and sorrows of life throughout the ages.

When he was imprisoned, he was filled with regret and reminiscing. This poem was written to express his infinite sadness about his real situation.

This is a dream record poem, with only twenty-seven words.

Using the happy scenes in dreams to contrast the sad scenes in reality expresses the author's longing for the prosperity of his homeland and his deep pain of the country's loss.

The line "It feels like visiting Shangyuan Garden in old times, with cars flowing like water and horses running like dragons" in the lyrics describes the prosperous scene in old times. Combined with Li Yu's current situation as a prisoner, it makes people cry when reading it.

The whole poem is full of sincere emotions and profound artistic conception. It is an excellent lyric poem.

Qingpingle: Spring is halfway through

Don't come in the middle of spring, it will touch your eyes and break your heart.

The fallen plum blossoms are like snow, and they are still full after being brushed.

There is no evidence of the arrival of wild geese, and it is difficult to realize the dream of returning home after a long journey.

Leaving hatred is like grass in spring, we can travel farther and still be alive.

Li Yu sent his younger brother Li Congshan to the Song Dynasty to pay tribute, but he was detained in Bian Jing.

Li Yu missed him very much and often cried bitterly, and wrote this poem to express his longing.

This poem uses spring scenery as its background, and expresses the author's deep longing for his relatives and his sorrow of separation through the heartbreaking description of the parting of half of spring.

The last sentence, "The sorrow of separation is like spring grass, which grows further and further," uses the growth of spring grass to metaphor the endless sorrow of separation. It is vivid and infectious.

The whole poem is delicate in emotion and profound in artistic conception. It is an excellent lyric poem.

"Happy Meeting·The Forest Flowers Withered in Spring"

The flowers in the forest withered in spring, too hastily. Helplessly, the cold rain comes in the morning and the wind comes in the evening.

Rouge tears, stay drunk together, how long will it last?Naturally, life grows and hates water.

This poem is a typical lyrical work based on the scene, which expresses the infinite regret for the failures in life in the fading scenery of late spring.

On the surface, it is a poem about the sorrow of spring and farewell, but in essence it expresses the deep sorrow of life's long regrets and the flowing water.

This kind of sadness is not just an expression of one's own frustration, but it rises to the level of the imperfections in life shared by all of humanity, as if it is a lament for countless people.

The poem expresses the author's feeling about the fleeting time and impermanence of life through the description of the flowers in the forest withering their spring color too quickly.

The line "Cold rain in the morning and wind in the evening" not only depicts the desolation of the natural scenery, but also alludes to the helplessness and pain of life.

The last sentence, "Life is long and regretful, and the river flows eastward," directly points to life, and the structure is also taken to a higher level.

The whole poem has deep emotion, beautiful language and high artistic value.

"In October, Li Yu built a city and gathered grain to increase the defense."

"In the intercalary October, Cao Bin's navy sailed down the river from Jingnan and captured Chizhou."

"So Li Yu ordered martial law and stopped using the Kaibao calendar."

"On the last day of Xin in the Jiaxu year, the Song court army marched to capture Wuhu and Xiongyuanjun, and Wuyue also sent a large army to invade Changrun."

"Li Yu sent an envoy to question the King of Wuyue, who then sent Li Yu's letter to the Song court."

"Afterwards, the Song army built a floating bridge across the Yangtze River, crossed it to Jinling, and stationed the army ten miles south of the city."

"At this time, Li Yu was guarding the city behind closed doors and was unaware of the situation."

"In the eighth year of Emperor Kaibao's reign, the Song army began to attack Jinling and soon captured important towns and strongholds outside Jinling."

"Soon, the Song Dynasty's 100,000-strong army crossed the Qinhuai River and completed the siege of Nanjing."

"After a fierce battle, the Song army burned down the Jiangnan water fort and broke through the outer city of Jinling."

"But the defense of Jinling is very strong, and it is difficult for the Song army to capture it for the time being."

"In the autumn of the same year, Li Yu ordered more than 100,000 naval forces to rush from Hongzhou, the southern capital, to relieve the siege and quickly attacked the Song army."

"But due to the adverse situation, we suffered a disastrous defeat, and Jinling is in even greater danger."

"At that time, the price of food in Jinling City skyrocketed, and many people starved to death."

"So Li Yu sent his minister Xu Xuan to Kaifeng twice to ask the Song army to withdraw, but was rejected by Emperor Taizu of Song both times."

"On November 27, Jinling was captured by the Song army."

"At that time, Li Yu was still writing poems and lyrics with Xiao Zhouhou, and had just written the first line of Linjiangxian."

"When he saw the fall of Jinling, Li Yu led those officials who were unwilling to die for their country to surrender."

"When Li Yu left Jinling and went into exile in the north, he was overwhelmed with emotions and wrote Po Zhen Zi."

"By comparing the present state of ruin with the state of prosperity in the past, he expressed his infinite regret."

"On the fourth day of the first lunar month in the ninth year of the Song Dynasty, Li Yu was captured and sent to Kaifeng."

"At that time, Li Yu was wearing a white robe and a gauze hat, kneeling down at the foot of Mingde Building."

"So Emperor Taizu of Song pardoned Li Yu and did not kill him. Instead, he appointed him as Guanglu Dafu, gave him the titles of Jianxu Taifu and Shangjiangjun, and ranked him among the top ranks."

"But because Li Yu had not surrendered voluntarily before, Emperor Taizu of Song gave Li Yu the humiliating title of "Marquis of Disobedience"."

"In the same year, Emperor Taizu of Song died. After Emperor Taizong of Song, Zhao Kuangyi, succeeded to the throne, he abolished this insulting title and conferred the title of Duke of Longxi County on Li Yu."

"From an emperor to a prisoner, Li Yu's life was extremely miserable, and he could only vent his emotions by drinking and writing poetry."

"In the spring after his surrender, Li Yu associated the withering of flowers and grass and the changing of seasons with his own rough fate. Feeling sad about the passing of time, he wrote "The Crow's Night Cry" to express his grief and indignation over the destruction of his country."

"In the third year of captivity, I recall the former unbridled prosperity of Jinling."

"Li Yu could not help but feel sad and wrote the poem 'Yu Meiren' which is famous in the history of poetry."

"I used the lines like 'How much sorrow can you have? It is just like a river of spring water flowing eastward' to express my sorrow for my homeland."

"On the seventh day of the seventh lunar month in the third year of Song Taipingxingguo, Li Yu died at the age of 42."

"After his death, Li Yu was posthumously awarded the title of Grand Master, and was named King of Wu. He was buried in Mangshan, north of Luoyang."

Wang Anshi: He worked hard before the country was destroyed and cried hard after the country was destroyed. Li Yu had a miserable life.

"Bodhisattva Man: Bright Flowers, Dark Moon, and Light Mist"

Huamingyue, dark cage, light mist, good to go to Lang's side tonight.

Walking barefoot on the fragrant steps, carrying golden shoes in hand.

I saw her on the south side of the painting hall, always trembling against people.

It's hard to come out of slavery, and teach the king to be merciful.

This poem is one of Li Yu's typical representative works in his early period, describing the love between men and women.

It describes a tryst between a young girl and her lover on a night with blooming flowers and faint moonlight.

The lyrics describe the scene of meeting her lover in the woman's voice.

The phrase "flowers are bright, the moon is dark, and the mist is shrouded in light" not only describes the hazy beauty of the natural scenery, but also implies the implicit and profound emotions.

The girl's pretty and lovely look is vividly portrayed on the paper, walking barefoot on the fragrant steps and holding her golden shoes.

The whole poem is full of delicate emotions and beautiful language, showing Li Yu's unique talent in describing emotions.

Fisherman: Waves with the intention of snow thousands of miles away

The waves are full of snow, and the peach blossoms are silent in spring.

With a pot of wine and a pole, there are a few people who are as happy as a farmer.

This is a poem about a painting, which was written by Li Yu for the painting "Fisherman on Spring River" by Wei Xian, a famous painter in the Southern Tang Dynasty.

Although the interest is not high, the leisurely and casual artistic conception is elegant and elegant, and can also be regarded as a masterpiece among the poems and lyrics inscribed on paintings.

Su Shi of later generations once wrote "A zither, a pot of wine, and a stream of clouds", which has the meaning of this poem.

This poem is set against the backdrop of a fisherman's life. It depicts the magnificence of the natural scenery and the leisurely life of the fisherman through the description of waves that resemble thousands of miles of snow and peach blossoms that speak of a team of spring.

The line "A pot of wine, a fishing rod, how many people in the world are like you?" expresses the author's yearning for a free life and his indifference to worldly fame and gain.

The whole poem has a broad artistic conception and open-minded emotions, and is one of the masterpieces of Li Yu's poems.

"Sauvignon Blanc·One Mountain"

One mountain, two mountains, the mountains are far away, the sky is high, the smoke is cold, the water is cold, I miss the maple leaves and reds.

The chrysanthemums are blooming, the chrysanthemums are withered, the wild geese are flying high and the people have not returned, and the wind and moon are idle behind the curtain.

This is one of Li Yu's early representative works, expressing a woman's infinite sorrow for her lover who has left her.

The style of Li Yu's early poems is beautiful and soft, and he still has the style of Huajian.

At this time, there were no complex emotions as in the later period. He just expressed his inner feelings through writing lyrics impromptu. This song "Chang Xiang Si" is one of the best works.

The whole poem focuses on the autumn resentment of a woman missing her husband, but the word "autumn resentment" is hidden deep inside.

Through the depiction of one mountain and two mountains, the layering and depth of the natural scenery are displayed.

The line "The mountains are far away, the sky is high, the water is cold, and the maple leaves are red" not only depicts the beauty of the natural scenery, but also implies the depth and intensity of the lovesick feeling.

The whole poem is delicate in emotion and profound in artistic conception. It is an excellent lyric poem.

These poems not only demonstrate Li Yu's profound literary skills and unique artistic talent, but also express his profound and complex emotions and thoughts on life, love, and his homeland. (End of this chapter)