The videos I watched became popular in ancient times

Cen Shen was a famous frontier poet in the heyday of the Tang Dynasty because he lived in the frontier for many years.

He has a deep understanding of the customs and wars of the frontier.

For this reason, his poems are magnificent and he left behind many popular masterpieces.

"Cen Shen was born into a declining official family, and three generations of his ancestors served as prime ministers."

"The past glory of the Cen family brought a long-lasting nostalgia to Cen Shen. In his poem Nostalgia for the Past, he recounted the nobility and glory of the Cen family when his cousin was the prime minister."

"The contrast between the glory of his ancestors and the decline of the present also influenced Cen Shen's career in officialdom, providing him with a sample of the impermanence of the world."

"In the third year of Emperor Xuanzong's Kaiyuan reign, Cen Shen was born in Xianzhou, Henan. At that time, his father, Cen Zhi, was the governor of Xianzhou."

"Cen Shen started reading at the age of five and was very interested in stories about gods and immortals. Many of his later poems were inspired by stories about gods and immortals."

"Around the spring of the eighth year of Kaiyuan, Cen Zhi was promoted to governor of Jinzhou, and the whole family moved to Jinzhou. At that time, Cen Shen was six years old."

"At the age of nine, Cen Shen began to learn to write articles in preparation for his future career as an official."

"However, as fate would have it, Cen Zhi died only a few years after taking office in Jinzhou."

"After Cen Zhi died, Cen Shen's mother took her three young sons to live in Jinzhou, where they lived a lonely and poor life."

"When Cen Shen was fourteen years old, his family moved from Jinzhou to Wangwu County, Henan Prefecture. This was one of the Cen family's other properties near Chang'an and Luoyang."

"When he was in Wangwu County, Cen Shen often went fishing by the Qingluo River and lived a leisurely life."

"In the 17th year of Kaiyuan, Cen Shen and his family crossed the Yellow River to the south and moved to the old thatched cottage of the Cen family in the south of Songshan Mountain."

"During his stay in Shaoshi, Cen Shen made friends with many hermits."

"During this period of seclusion, he wrote many beautiful landscape and pastoral poems."

"In the 22nd year of Kaiyuan, when Cen Shen was 20 years old, he embarked on the road of seeking officialdom."

"At this time, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang came to the Eastern Capital, and he went to Luoyang to present the book to the emperor."

"Submitting books and poems is different from the normal imperial examination. The person who submits the book must be recognized by the supreme ruler in order to obtain an official position."

"Of course the young Cen Shen could not do this, and he was not appreciated."

"In the 24th year of Kaiyuan, Emperor Xuanzong of Tang returned to Chang'an, the Western Capital. People who wanted to get promoted naturally went to Chang'an to try their luck, and Cen Shen was one of them."

"Cen Shen went to Chang'an to take the imperial examination, but this time he failed the exam."

"Around the 26th year of Kaiyuan, Cen Shen set out from his residence in Shaoshi, Yingyang County, and headed for Chang'an, where he stayed for a relatively long time."

"In the third year of Tianbao, Cen Shen passed the imperial examination at the age of thirty and was appointed as the military assistant of the Right Internal Affairs Office."

"You Nei Shu Fu is the agency responsible for the ceremonial guard and security of the Crown Prince's Eastern Palace. The specific duty of the Bingcao Canjun is to be in charge of the military officer's books."

Su Shi: Cen Shen, a frontier poet’s feelings for the Western Regions.

The north wind blows the ground and the white grass turns, and Hu Tian snows in August.

Suddenly, like a night of spring breeze, thousands of trees and pear blossoms bloomed.

Spread into the bead curtain and wet the curtain, the fox fur is not warm and the brocade is thin.

The generals couldn't control their horns and bows.

The vast sea ran out of ice, and the sad clouds were bleak.

The Chinese army bought wine and drinks for the guests, Huqin, Pipa and Qiangdi.

Mu Xue went down to the gate one after another, and the red flag remained frozen in the wind.

The east gate of Luntai sent you to go to Tianshan Road with snow.

You can't see you when you turn around in the mountains, and you stay where you are in the snow.

"Song of White Snow to Farewell Judge Wu on His Return to the Capital" describes the magnificent scenery of snow in the Western Regions in August, and expresses the feelings of farewell in the frontier and seeing off guests in the snow.

It expresses the sadness of separation and homesickness, but is full of fantastic ideas and does not make people feel sad.

The romantic ideals and lofty sentiments expressed in the poem make people feel that the wind and snow outside the Great Wall become objects worthy of appreciation.

The whole poem is rich and broad in content, gorgeous and romantic in colors, majestic in momentum, and distinct and unique in artistic conception.

It has extremely strong artistic appeal and can be regarded as the masterpiece of frontier poetry during the prosperous Tang Dynasty.

Among them, lines such as "Suddenly, a spring breeze came, and thousands of pear trees blossomed" have become famous lines that have been passed down through the ages.

The first eight sentences form the first part, describing the beautiful snow scene seen in the morning and the sudden cold felt.

The four middle sentences are the second part, describing the majestic snow scene during the day and the grand occasion of the farewell banquet.

The last six sentences form the third part, describing the farewell to a friend in the evening and his journey home.

The whole poem takes the changes in the snow scene in one day as the clue to narrate the process of seeing off the envoys returning to the capital. It has broad ideas and meticulous structure.

The whole poem is written in lively language, with vivid images, precise wording and rich musical beauty.

The north wind blows the white grass to the ground and breaks it. The word "blow" describes the fierceness of the north wind, and the word "break" describes the fragility of the white grass.

Suddenly, a spring breeze comes overnight. The word "suddenly" expresses surprise, and the spring breeze implies the warmth of friendship.

Scattered into the pearl curtains and wet silk curtains, the scattering is used to express the lightness of the snowflakes, and the pearl curtains and silk curtains embellish the splendor of life at the frontier.

The evening snow falls outside the camp gate. The word "floating" expresses the density of the snowflakes, and the camp gate suggests the atmosphere of the military camp.

The red flag is blown away by the wind and not blown away by the frost. The word "blow" expresses the strength of the wind and "not blown away by the frost" expresses the firmness of the flag.

The word "turning" expresses the twists and turns of the mountain road, and "not seeing you" expresses the sadness of parting.

The empty traces of the horse's tracks are left on the snow, expressing the feeling of loneliness, while the traces of the horse's tracks express the depth of friendship.

The poet expressed both his love for the motherland's frontiers and his reluctance to part with his comrades.

It expresses both the longing for hometown and the passion for fighting.

It shows both optimism towards life and awe of nature.

It expresses both praise for the snow scene and enjoyment of the snow scene.

The poet's emotions are sublimated in the snow scene, and the snow scene becomes more moving because of the poet's emotions.

"In the eighth year of Tianbao, Cen Shen ended his boring life in Xijing. He was transferred from the Right Internal Forces Army to the Right Guard Recorder Army, and set off to join the army in the Anxi Jiedushi Office."

"After two months of marching, he arrived at Qiuci City, the seat of the Anxi Jiedushi, and began his life in the shogunate."

"In the first month of the tenth year of Tianbao, Gao Xianzhi entered the capital and was appointed governor of Hexi."

"Some of his staff members first arrived in Liangzhou, the seat of the Hexi Jiedushi, and Cen Shen was among them."

"Not long after Cen Shen arrived in Liangzhou, news reached us that the Arabs had invaded the four towns. Gao Xianzhi had to return to Anxi to deal with the changing situation, so Cen Shen stayed in Liangzhou."

"In June of the tenth year of Tianbao, news of Gao Xianzhi's defeat reached Liangzhou, and Cen Shen and others set out to return to Chang'an."

"After returning to Chang'an, Cen Shen was generally idle and seemed to have no official duties."

"During this period, he retired to Nanshan for a long time and his social circle became more extensive."

"In the thirteenth year of Tianbao, Cen Shen set out from Chang'an and headed for the Western Regions again."

"During the three years since Cen Shen arrived in Beiting, major battles like the defeat of Dabolü and the conquest of Shiguo had already passed, and there were only some small-scale wars."

"But in the second year after Cen Shen went to Beiting, the Anshi Rebellion broke out in the Central Plains."

"Cen Shen's superior Feng Changqing left the Western Regions and accepted Tang Xuanzong's appointment to defend Dongjing Luoyang. He was killed by Xuanzong because of his defeat."

"Many people from Feng Changqing's shogunate returned to Chang'an, and Cen Shen saw them off."

"In the fifteenth year of Tianbao, the Anxi Beiting army was summoned to Beijing, and Cen Shen returned east with them. His frontier career ended from then on."

"In the second year of Zhide, Emperor Suzong came to Fengxiang, and generals such as Guo Ziyi and scholars such as Du Fu rushed to Fengxiang from all over the country."

"At the same time, Cen Shen also arrived at Fengxiang from Beiting with the soldiers."

"Through the recommendation of Du Fu and others, Cen Shen was appointed Right Assistant Censor, a seventh-rank official."

"This official position is not of high rank, but he is a close attendant of the emperor. He can directly make suggestions and submit secret reports. His position is quite important."

"In August of the second year of Zhide, Emperor Suzong sent Guo Ziyi and others to attack Chang'an. On September 29, a victory letter arrived in Fengxiang."

"On October 19, Emperor Suzong of Tang left Fengxiang and returned to Chang'an on the 20th and lived in Daming Palace. Cen Shen followed him to the capital."

"The court was settled down, and peace appeared to have returned."

"In the spring of the second year of Qianyuan, the imperial court was in a state of flux, with the prime minister changing several times, and Cen Shen's old friends were banished from the capital one by one."

"When Cen Shen was in Beijing, he was promoted from the sixth rank. If we only consider the size of the official position, Cen Shen's transfer this time is a promotion."

"But Cen Shen himself was unhappy, mainly because Tang Dynasty scholars valued court officials over foreign officials, and Cen Shen was no exception."

Wang Anshi: The 30-year-old Cen Shen finally had his dream come true, but he was not happy and even wrote a very sad poem.

The long road to the east of the homeland, the double-sleeved dragon and Zhong shed tears.

Immediately met without paper and pen, and reported peace with the emperor's rumors.

"Meeting the Envoy to the Capital" is a seven-character quatrain, written on the poet's way to Anxi to take up his post. This was Cen Shen's first trip to the Western Regions, where he served as secretary in the court of Gao Xianzhi, the governor of Anxi.

At this time, the poet had not achieved the success he wanted in the first half of his life, so he had no choice but to go to the frontier to take up a post.

He bid farewell to his wife in Chang'an, rode on his horse and embarked on a long journey, passing Yangguan in the west and heading for Anxi.

Cen Shen didn't know how many days he had been walking, but on the road leading to the Western Regions, he suddenly ran into an old acquaintance.

They started talking immediately and exchanged greetings. Knowing that the other party was going back to Beijing to report on his work, he couldn't help feeling a little sad.

At the same time, he thought of asking him to take a letter back to Chang'an to comfort his family and report safety. This poem describes this scene.

This poem expresses the poet's homesickness and open-minded and optimistic mood through describing the scene when the poet met the envoys from the capital.

The hardships of the journey and the heartbreaking homesickness are deeply revealed in the poem.

Looking eastwards towards my hometown, the road is long and winding, and it describes the actual feelings at hand.

The poet has been away from his hometown for a long time, and the road ahead is still very long.

The sleeves are wet with tears, which reflects the true feelings in the heart.

Although the poet is determined to achieve great things, he cannot suppress his longing for his hometown and relatives.

Longzhong refers to the appearance of tears, and shuangxiu refers to sleeves.

"Meeting on Horseback without Paper and Pen" describes the embarrassing situation when encountering an envoy from the capital.

The poet wanted to write a letter to his family to let them know he was safe, but he had no paper or pen.

Please tell me that I am safe, which expresses the entrustment and expectation to the envoys coming to the capital.

The poet could only ask him to send a message to his family, asking them not to worry.

The language of this poem is concise and clear, the rhyme is harmonious and fluent, and the structure is neat and parallel.

The first couplet describes the scenery and expresses the poet's deep longing for his hometown and relatives.

The last couplet describes events and expresses emotions, expressing the poet's trust and expectations for the envoys coming to the capital.

There is both connection and turning point between the two couplets, forming a strong contrast effect.

The whole poem does not use any embellishment techniques, but directly expresses the theme with facts and feelings, reflecting the poet's heroic and open style.

"While in Guozhou, Cen Shen often felt depressed, which was reflected in his landscape poems."

"In the late autumn of the second year of Qianyuan, war broke out again. Guozhou was close to the front line and was also affected by the war."

"Under the shadow of war, Cen Shen wrote many poems related to this."

"Cen Shen's war poems are very different from Du Fu's. The tone is not sad but uplifting, showing a forward-moving attitude."

"In the first month of the first year of Emperor Daizong of Tang's Guangde reign, the rebels were defeated and committed suicide. The An-Shi Rebellion ended, and the armies returned to their bases. Cen Shen also returned to Chang'an."

"At that time, there was a war in Shu, and Cen Shen went to Hanzhong and then returned to Chang'an."

"It was not until February of the first year of the Dali reign that he followed Du Hongjian into Sichuan, and he never returned to Chang'an since then."

"In April of the first year of Yongtai, the former Jiannan Jiedushi Yan Wu died of illness, and his subordinates fought for the position of Jiedushi, and the internal fighting continued."

"In October, a general named Guo Yingyi was killed, and chaos broke out in Shu."

"Soon after, Cen Shen was appointed governor of Jiazhou."

"In November of the first year of the Yongtai reign, Cen Shen set out for Sichuan. However, the road to Liangzhou was blocked, so he was unable to go to Jiazhou as the governor."

"In February of the first year of the Dali reign, the imperial court appointed Du Hongjian to quell the rebellion in Sichuan, and Cen Shen set out with the army."

"However, Du Hongjian was unable to cope with the heavy responsibility and failed to quell the rebellion."

"Instead, he accepted Cui Gan's bribe, which resulted in a superficially peaceful end to the Shu Rebellion and a fragile unification of the Tang Dynasty's military and political power."

"In the early seventh month of the autumn of the first year of the Dali period, Cen Shen and his entourage entered Chengdu via Hanchuan."

"In the second year of the Dali period, Cen Shen went to Jiazhou to serve as the governor, a task he had failed to accomplish two years earlier."

"Jiazhou was under the jurisdiction of the Xichuan Jiedushi, and at this time, Cui Gan was recommended by Du Hongjian and appointed as the new Xichuan Jiedushi."

"Cen Shen worked under him and was depressed and uncomfortable all the time."

"In July of the third year of the Dali reign, Cen Shen was dismissed from his post as governor of Jiazhou by the imperial court. He had only been in office for a year at that time."

"After Cen Shen was dismissed from office, he first went to Chengdu and had a farewell banquet at the residence of Xu Qing, the Minister of Rites."

"In the winter of the third year of the Dali period, Cen Shen turned north from Rongzhou and returned to Chengdu."

"After that, he lived in Chengdu as a guest. Although he was dismissed from office, Cen Shen still had a glimmer of hope."

"But until the autumn of the fourth year of the Dali period, the court did not appoint him."

"In December of the fourth year of the Dali reign, Pei Mian died of old age, and Cen Shen composed a elegy for him."

"Around the end of this year, Cen Shen died in loneliness in Chengdu, a stranger in a foreign land."

Xin Qiji: Cen Shen, a genius in poetry, has a unique style, rich imagination and vivid language.

Don't you see walking along the horses and rivers and snowing on the seashore, and the sands are reckless and yellow into the sky.

In September in Luntai, the wind howled at night, and the stones in the river were as big as buckets, and the stones were scattered all over the ground with the wind.

The Huns' grass is yellow and their horses are fat, smoke and dust are seen flying in the west of Jinshan, and the Han generals are marching west.

The general never took off his golden armor at night, and in the middle of the night, the soldiers marched with their spears clashing against each other, and the wind was as sharp as a knife.

The horse's hair was covered with snow and sweat, and the five-colored coins turned into ice. The ink in the inkstone where he wrote the edict in the tent froze.

The enemy cavalry would be frightened upon hearing this, and would not dare to engage in close combat, so they would wait at the west gate of Cheshi to report their victory.

This poem is a seven-character song written by the poet to bid farewell to Feng Changqing, the governor of Anxi Beiting, who was leaving for the war. It is a famous frontier poem.

It shows the heroic spirit of the frontier soldiers who are not afraid of hardships and dangers, and their firm confidence in victory in the battle.

The first couplet of the poem describes the natural environment of the expedition, beginning with "Have you not seen?", which attracts the reader's attention and resonance.

Zoumachuan is a river in present-day Xinjiang, close to the edge of the sea of ​​snow, namely the Tianshan Mountains.

The poet uses the phrase "flat sand stretching into the sky" to describe the vastness of the desert, which contrasts beautifully with the snow-capped mountains.

The second couplet describes the sandstorm scene in Luntai area. Luntai is now Luntai County in Xinjiang, located in the southwest of Zoumachuan.

The poet uses "the wind roars at night" to describe the shocking sound of the wind, "the stones in the river are as big as buckets" to describe the enormity of the stones, and "the stones are scattered all over the ground in the wind" to describe the fierceness of the sandstorm.

Through contrast and exaggeration, these two couplets describe the harsh and dangerous natural environment in the border areas, laying the groundwork for the subsequent description of military life and combat scenes.

The second couplet of the poem describes the confrontation between the enemy and us, as well as the determination of the Han general to go to war.

The Xiongnu were a nomadic people on the northwestern border of the Tang Dynasty who frequently invaded the Central Plains.

Jinshan is the Altai Mountains in present-day Xinjiang, near the place where the Xiongnu lived.

The poet uses "The grass is yellow and the horses are fat" to describe the abundant life of the Huns, and "Smoke and dust are seen flying to the west of Jinshan" to describe the Huns' cavalry disrupting the border.

The phrase "The great general of the Han Dynasty marched westward" shows the Tang Dynasty's counterattack attitude against the Huns, and also shows the poet's admiration for General Feng Changqing.

These three sentences, through contrast and parallelism, describe the opposition and conflict between the enemy and us, laying the foundation for the subsequent description of the fighting atmosphere.

The third couplet of the poem describes the scene of General Feng Changqing leading his soldiers to march and fight.

The general wore golden armor day and night, showing his loyalty, bravery and perseverance.

The line "In the middle of the night the soldiers were marching and their spears were clashing against each other" describes the hardships of marching and fighting, and the line "The wind was as sharp as a knife" describes the pain of sand scraping one's face.

These two sentences use metaphors and personification to describe the heroic spirit of the frontier soldiers who are not afraid of hardships and dangers and bravely move forward.

The fourth couplet of the poem continues to describe the scene of General Feng Changqing leading his soldiers to march and fight, but it is written from the perspective of horses and manifestos.

The horse's hair is covered with snow and its sweat is steaming, which shows how tired the horse is from running.

The sentence "the five-colored coins spun into ice" describes the patterns on the horse's body and the ice beads formed by sweat in a vivid way.

The sentence "The general was writing the manifesto in the tent and the water in the inkstone was frozen" describes the scene of the general writing the manifesto in the tent and the detail that the water in the inkstone was also frozen, highlighting the coldness of the border area.

Through contrast and detailed description, these two sentences describe the frontier soldiers' spirit of fearlessness and perseverance.

The last couplet of the poem describes the enemy's cowardice upon hearing the news and our army's confidence in victory.

The poet uses "the enemy cavalry would be frightened upon hearing this" to describe the Huns' fear of the Tang army, and "they knew that they would not dare to engage in close combat" to describe the Huns' fear of the Tang army.

The line "Cheshi Ximen stood there to offer his victory" shows the poet's expectation and blessing for General Feng Changqing, and also expresses his firm confidence in winning the battle.

Cheshi was an ancient kingdom in the Lop Nur area of ​​present-day Xinjiang. The West Gate refers to the gate to the Western Regions.

Through questions and assumptions, this couplet expresses the optimism and self-confidence of the soldiers on the frontier who are not afraid of powerful enemies.

This poem is a magnificent frontier poem, with the frontier scenery as the background, General Feng Changqing as the protagonist, and frontier soldiers as the group portrait.

It demonstrates the bravery, fearlessness and patriotic spirit of the Tang Dynasty's border defense forces.

The poet used his passion and talent to bid farewell to General Feng Changqing, and also left an immortal masterpiece for future generations. (End of this chapter)