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The scholars in the Tang Dynasty, especially those who prided themselves on their talents, all had a certain obsession with becoming a Jinshi.

Except for eccentric and unrestrained people like Li Bai, everyone hoped to enter the official career through the imperial examination.

The more prestigious the family one comes from, the more one must prove one's ability and talent in the imperial examination.

Although the support and recommendation of the powerful politicians was indispensable, the selection of Jinshi was, after all, a real effort to gain fame and fortune through imperial examinations.

With this, one can enter the officialdom with confidence and integrity, which is worthy of pride and honor.

Even if some people become prime ministers, they will still feel regretful because they have no fame or honor.

Lu Lun, a Tang Dynasty poet who lived through the Tianbao and Dali periods, was such a talented man who aspired to take the imperial examinations but never succeeded.

"Most of Lu Lun's poems are poems that respond to and reply to other poems."

"Due to his military career, his frontier poems have achieved great success and are still praised by later generations."

"It's a pity that such a famous Tang Dynasty poet failed to win the imperial examination many times."

"The setbacks in his life and career make Lu Lun's poems full of life."

"His works inherited the spirit of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, led the high-spirited style of frontier poetry, laid the desolate and gloomy tone of the frontier poetry in the middle Tang Dynasty, and have a strong contemporary flavor."

"The formation of this Tang Dynasty poet's frontier poetry style is closely related to his life experience."

"Lu Lun was born in the 27th year of Kaiyuan. The Fanyang Lu family was one of the five major surnames in the Tang Dynasty."

"However, Lu Lun was not from a prominent family. His grandfather served as a military officer in Jeju, and his father was only a Linhuang officer."

"Therefore, Lu Lun once described himself in a poem about his life, saying that he was born lonely and humble, which shows that his family had already declined."

"What's more, three years before he was born, the prosperity of the Kaiyuan Era was gradually coming to an end."

"This prosperous era did not bring any good memories to young Lu Lun, because he only remembered the chaotic situation during the Tianbao period when there were wars in all directions."

"Lu Lun was only eight years old when the An-Shi Rebellion broke out, and the war had already cast a shadow on his young mind."

"At the end of the Tianbao period, Lu Lun took part in the imperial examination, but failed due to the An-Shi Rebellion."

"He then had no choice but to seek refuge in Poyang, where he met Ji Zhongfu, one of the ten great talents of the Chinese history, and the two became good friends."

"But since the war, Lu Lun has been living with him in exile, wasting years and still has not achieved success."

"He felt very sad, and during his escape, he wrote many travel poems to express his feelings of being away from home."

"Among them, the more famous ones include the five-character regulated verse "Night Mooring in Jinling" and the seven-character quatrain "Crossing Zhejiang"."

"In these poems, whether they are inspired by his own misfortunes in life or express his worries about state affairs, the works are close to the social atmosphere at the time and are eye-catching."

"Although these poems are short, their contents are concise and clear, their parallelism is neat, their language is fluent and natural, and they do not quote too many impetuous allusions, which is very different from the style of Tang poetry in the past."

"Lu Lun's works during this period are mostly about personal wandering, family ruin, and social unrest."

“The sadness of being away from home and the war scenes he witnessed added rich content and complex emotions to his travel poems.”

"At the same time, his bold and heroic style of poetry is gradually emerging."

"The An-Shi Rebellion was finally put down, and Lu Lun, who had been wandering in the south for many years, was finally able to return north to his hometown."

"His mixed feelings of sadness and joy are expressed vividly in this sentence: 'I am alone in sorrow and have no old career, and I am happy in difficult times.'"

"In the early years of the Dali period, Lu Lun went to Chang'an to take the imperial examination. Unfortunately, he failed repeatedly and never passed. This result made Lu Lun very depressed."

Su Shi: A famous poet in the middle period of Tang Dynasty. Lu Lun's ten poems show different moods, which are endless after careful reading.

Lu Lun was born during the reign of Emperor Xuanzong. As we all know, that period was the heyday of the Li Tang Dynasty and a time of material abundance.

But the good times did not last long. The An-Shi Rebellion broke out, and the prosperous Tang Dynasty took a sharp turn for the worse and fell into pieces.

In addition, the Anshi Rebellion destroyed not only the territory of the Tang Empire, but also destroyed the entire spirit of the era.

Especially the ideological realm of literati, the heroic spirit of romantic ideals disappeared in an instant, and was replaced by sadness and depression. Lu Lun lived in such an era.

Lu Lun failed in the imperial examination. He could not use poetry to find a career in politics, nor could he use his talent to realize his political ideals.

In his sadness and depression, he could only use poetry to express his inner resentment and sorrow.

Of course, Lu Lun worked as an official for several years. He became a disciple of Yuan Zai and Wang Jin, and was considered to have barely entered the official career.

After several years of leisurely life in the court, Yuan Zai was later sentenced to death, and he was implicated and imprisoned.

He eventually lost his official position and was forced to leave Kyoto, which was a heavy blow to him.

He was happy enough to have escaped death, but his past career experiences, which he could not bear to recall, burned his heart.

In addition to poetry that can soothe his soul, friends can also comfort him.

He was good friends with the other Ten Talents of the Dali Period, especially Sikong Zhu.

The two were also cousins ​​who often met, exchanged poems, and opened up to each other.

Li Duan was also an important friend of Lu Lun. They had similar experiences and thus became close friends.

Among Lu Lun's surviving poems, there is one specifically commemorating Li Duan, which is full of sincere emotions and touching.

Looking through all of Lu Lun's poems, one can see the changes in the poet's mentality.

Because of the great changes caused by the Anshi Rebellion, Lu Lun was confused and had to re-examine his sense of existence based on social reality.

Therefore, Lu Lun would lament his frustrated life.

As we age, physical and mental aging creeps into our minds, and our spiritual support collapses without our ideals.

A feeling of helplessness and bitterness arises spontaneously, and a long sigh makes the poem extremely heavy.

Among the more than 300 poems of Lu Lun that have survived, farewell poems account for more than %.

The era in which he lived was the most war-ridden period in the Tang Dynasty, and thus the mobility of scholars was relatively frequent.

When people part ways, it is hard to predict when they will meet again in the future. After separations again and again, it may be difficult to reunite in this life.

Those who are seeing off and those who are leaving will inevitably worry about the future, and the pain of parting is beyond words.

The farewell poem reveals Lu Lun's desolate and sad mood, and also contains the meaning of exhortation and comfort to his friend. It is full of emotions, broad and profound artistic conception, and has the connotation of life and philosophy of life.

During the Anshi Rebellion, scholars fled to the south of the Yangtze River. Amid the smoke of war, poets wandered around, traveling through mountains and rivers.

Only literati can appreciate the beautiful scenery of mountains and rivers along the way, which can also trigger the poet's fragile emotions, and Lu Lun is no exception.

He used mountains, rivers, plants and trees as themes for his poems, expressing his feelings through them, and expressing the vicissitudes of life as a traveler, accompanied by homesickness.

As time goes by, the poet's values ​​are bound to change, as shown in some of Lu Lun's poems.

It is clear that he intended to turn from Confucianism to Buddhism and Taoism. Of course, this was because his failure in officialdom led him to want to retire.

It is worth mentioning that Lu Lun wrote some frontier poems because he had a long period of experience in military service and had a deep understanding of military life.

His frontier poems are full of true feelings and personality, and can touch people's hearts if they are deeply understood.

He is also good at using imagery to highlight the feat of victory and convey the glorious military exploits of the Tang army, which has historical significance.

His frontier poems are vigorous, resolute and powerful, yet they also contain the sadness of frontier life. The painful social reality permeates the poems, revealing a sense of desolation.

Overall, Lu Lun’s poems are a reflection of his life and also reflect the poet’s mental journey.

At first, he was eager for a career in officialdom, hoping to achieve great things and realize his political ideals, and this Confucian thought was particularly prominent.

However, he failed repeatedly on the road to imperial examinations, and even when he finally became an official, he only held a relatively low-level position, highlighting his feelings of being unappreciated and his tragic experience.

Because of the outbreak of the Anshi Rebellion, he had to wander around the world. When he was moved by the scenes, he felt miserable and homesick.

In his later years, Buddhist and Taoist thoughts occupied an important position in his mind, highlighting his reclusive sentiments.

In short, Lu Lun is an indispensable poet in the middle Tang Dynasty.

His poems are a reflection of history and his mentality, and are of great historical significance.

"In the fifth year of Dali, Lu Lun, who still failed the imperial examination, lived in the suburbs of Chang'an City, and continued to wait for the opportunity to enter the official career."

"Two years later, Lu Lun was recommended by Yuan Zai and finally got the title of Wei of Quexiang."

"However, this official position did not make Lu Lun happy. Instead, it made him feel melancholy."

"Yuan Zai recommended him not just because he appreciated his talent, but also to win over a group of literati for himself."

"Fortunately, not long after, Lu Lun was appreciated by Prime Minister Wang Jin, who was Wang Wei's younger brother."

"He treated Lu Lun with courtesy not because he wanted to build his own political group, but simply because he admired Lu Lun's talent."

"In the twelfth year of the Dali period, Lu Lun encountered another major turning point in his life."

"This year, the two prime ministers who had promoted him were offended, and Lu Lun was also implicated."

"Although he was quickly acquitted, he was dismissed from office by the court, leaving him with only fame but no real power."

"In fact, the level of Lu Lun's poetry during the Dali period was not very high."

"Since he arrived in Chang'an in the first year of Yongtai, the style of his travel poems no longer existed, which was related to his life background at that time."

"Lu Lun, who lived in Chang'an, did not lead a life of displacement."

"At this time, he spent his days making friends through literature, writing poems at banquets every day, and writing many social works for dignitaries."

"Before he entered the officialdom, Lu Lun's poems mainly expressed his sadness at not being recognized for his talent."

"After being appreciated, I wrote some formalistic and serious social activities."

"When I was convicted and implicated, I expressed my grief and indignation."

"So, the poems written by Lu Lun during his time in Chang'an lacked emotion and realm, and were just a form of poetry that catered to the times."

"In the third year of Jianzhong, he was demoted to the position of Chief of Fuzhou, and Lu Lun's military career began from then on."

"After that, he witnessed the reality of the rebellion of the feudal lords with his own eyes. He was no longer the Lu Lun trapped in Chang'an City and the narrow world of literati."

"He walked out of his old world and began to come into contact with the heroic and majestic military life."

"This life experience broadened his horizons and aroused his ambition to join the army and serve his country. As a result, Lu Lun's style and content of poetry changed."

"Lu Lun's poetry finally began to transform from formal poetry to military poetry."

"While Lu Lun was in the army, his poems were mainly about military life and the heroic spirit of the soldiers."

"The vigorous and high-spirited style of previous travel poems has returned once again. His poem cycle "Song of the Frontier with Zhang Pushe" is the most representative poem."

"This group of seven-character quatrains describes Zhang Pushe's heroic demeanor as a general."

"His superior martial arts skills, his heroic spirit in leading his troops to victory, and his outstanding military exploits."

"And the spirit of determination to serve the country is vividly expressed in Lu Lun's poems."

"Such poems have positive significance for the Tang Dynasty."

"The Tang Dynasty at that time was no longer the prosperous Tang Dynasty of the past. The entire dynasty was in decline and was suffering from foreign invasions."

Xin Qiji: The Lu family of Fanyang was once a prominent family, but by his generation it had completely declined and fallen into decline.

His father died early, and he himself said that he was orphaned at a young age and therefore lived in poverty.

Fortunately, his mother's family was relatively powerful, so he often stayed at his uncle's house.

But even with the care of his uncle, he still felt like a dependent. Moreover, he was weak and sickly since childhood, and encountered turbulent times in the world, so his life in his youth was not good.

Precisely because of his wandering life and weak health, Lu Lun studied hard since childhood, hoping to change his destiny through imperial examinations.

At the end of the Tianbao period, Lu Lun began to take the imperial examination, but unfortunately he failed and felt very depressed.

Next, Lu Lun took exams many times but failed each time. Later, he encountered the Anshi Rebellion and had to move south with his family to seek refuge, where he wasted many more years.

During the Dali period, Lu Lun continued to take several exams with perseverance, but ended up failing every time.

At this point, he finally realized that this path was not feasible for him, and although he was reluctant, he had no choice but to give up.

For a person who is passionate about scientific research, one can imagine the courage and determination required to take this difficult but only path to success on his own.

Compared with Lu Lun's embarrassing luck in exams, his poetry was widely known.

Moreover, his ability to make friends is extremely strong, and his talent and articles have been recognized by many politicians.

Those scholars who passed the imperial examination and served in the court might not necessarily have the opportunity to come into contact with so many prime ministers and important officials. Lu Lun had neither fame nor background, but he was able to thrive in the political arena just by relying on his reputation as a poet. This must have been a case of extraordinary insight and talent.

Prime Minister Yuan Zai and Wang Jin particularly admired him and provided him with a lot of substantial help.

The first person to recommend Lu Lun to enter the official career was Prime Minister Yuan Zai. He presented Lu Lun's poems to the emperor, who praised them highly and appointed him as the Wei of Yanxiang.

Later, Prime Minister Wang Jin strongly recommended him as a scholar of Jixian Hall and Censor-in-Chief, and he was also appointed as the Household Officer of Shanzhou and the Magistrate of Mi County, Henan.

Even a scholar who has graduated from a professional school may not be able to have such a smooth journey in the political arena.

So although Lu Lun's luck in exams was not good, his overall career as an official was still very good.

Yuan Zai and Wang Jin were both convicted and punished, and Lu Lun was naturally implicated as well, and even thrown into prison.

It was not until Emperor Dezong ascended the throne that Lu Lun was appointed as the magistrate of Zhaoying County.

After Zhu Ci's rebellion broke out, Xianning County Prince Hun Yu was sent to govern Hezhong and summoned Lu Lun to be the judge of the Marshal's Office.

The fact that Lu Lun was favored by such a famous general and served in his court also reflected his talent and wisdom.

Moreover, at that time, Lu Lun's uncle Wei Qumu was in favor with Emperor Dezong and held the position of prime minister, and he wrote a memorial praising his talents.

Dezong was a literature lover and was fond of writing poetry and prose, so he ordered a meeting with Lu Lun and admired him very much.

Dezong sometimes wrote poems and often asked Lu Lun to compose them, and he also promoted him to the position of Inspector of the Ministry of Revenue.

Thanks to the emperor's appreciation and the help of his powerful lord Hun Yu, Lu Lun made a leap forward in his official career and his political spring was about to come.

Unfortunately, Lu Lun fell ill and died at this time.

If Lu Lun could live another ten years, he would have gone further in his official career.

The political leaders of the time who interacted with him all praised him, and even the emperor looked at him with admiration.

Unfortunately, he did not live long. He passed away suddenly when his career was at its peak. It was fate.

However, Lu Lun, a failed scholar, was able to impress the emperor, make many friends with powerful people, move around in the officialdom, and get along well with everyone.

It must be said that he is not only a talented writer, but also a wise man in politics.

The most amazing thing is that not only scholars and literati liked Lu Lun’s poems, but several emperors also liked Lu Lun’s poems very much.

Emperor Dezong of Tang liked to sing in harmony with him. Emperor Xianzong once ordered Zhang Zhongsu, the secretary of the Central Secretariat, to search for and collect his posthumous works, and Emperor Wenzong even sent someone to the Lu family to carefully search the book boxes.

Lu Lun's biggest regret in life was that he failed to pass the imperial examination, but he achieved revenge through his son.

All four sons passed the imperial examination and became Jinshi (Jinshi) in the family. They all worked in the central institutions of the imperial court. They could be said to be a family of Jinshi (Jinshi) scholars and a wealthy family of officials.

"The spirit of the soldiers who are striving for progress reflected in Lu Lun's poems not only inspired the soldiers on the frontier, but also brought vitality to the poetry world at that time."

“This kind of outstanding achievement is not possessed by any other poet.”

"His late poems are a climax in Lu Lun's life, and the content of his poems has become richer."

"His poems led Tang poetry to a new level of thought, which is the important reason why he was able to win the crown among the ten great talents of the Dali period."

"Lu Lun's achievements are so high that his frontier poems give him such brilliance."

"During the middle Tang Dynasty, the political, social and military background in which people lived had undergone tremendous changes."

"The An-Shi Rebellion triggered an unprecedented political crisis in the Tang Dynasty. The ethnic minority regimes in the border areas took advantage of this opportunity to invade the Tang Dynasty."

"So, in the frontier poems written by many literati, there is a widespread sense of weakness and sadness."

"This is very different from the style of frontier poetry during the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, when the military was strong."

"Those poets who gave up military service to pursue literature expressed in their poems their heroic spirit of wanting to achieve great things. They were always optimistic about war."

"The country's prosperity and strong military give them the confidence to make such bold statements."

"However, as the country's affairs declined, people began to feel pessimistic and disgusted with the war."

"For the Tang Dynasty and the soldiers at that time, victory was hopeless."

"It was in this social context that Lu Lun, who emerged from the world of literati, once again surprised the entire Tang Dynasty literary world with his style of frontier poetry."

"This poem, full of vigor and strength, stands out among all the poems of the Dali poets."

"This poem, like the lines from the heyday of the Tang Dynasty, once again set the trend for frontier poems in the middle Tang Dynasty."

"The frontier poems he wrote showed people the bravery of the frontier soldiers and the hardships of the frontier battlefields, and also revealed his determination as a man to sacrifice his life for his country."

"The most important part of military-themed poetry is the description of the frontier environment. The magnificent and desolate frontier scenery can move people's hearts."

"The frontier scenes he described are the desolation of the snow-capped mountains in the desert, the bleakness of the white grass and yellow clouds, and the danger of bloody rain and wind."

"The frontier imagery in his poems is not new, but these ordinary scenes, under his pen, show a power that is enough to shake people's hearts."

"These magnificent and sad scenes are not meant to tell the suffering of war, but Lu Lun wants to express his heroic feelings through the scenery."

"In Lu Lun's frontier poems, one can read about the bravery of frontier soldiers and the difficulty of arriving at the frontier."

"Although there is no lack of heroic sentiment in frontier poems, Lu Lun did not avoid the cruelty brought by war."

"Some people achieve great success, some die in battle, some survive by luck, and some have a miserable old age."

"This is the real war, and it is also the most worthy of people's aftertaste and deep thought."

Li Qingzhao: Although Dali followed Tianbao, it experienced the Anshi Rebellion in between.

Therefore, the social situation and people's thoughts have undergone earth-shaking changes, and the style of poetry has also become completely different.

The poets of the Dali period no longer had the vigorous, heroic, open-minded and confident spirit of Li Bai, Du Fu and others. Instead, they were more melancholy and lonely.

When prosperity fades, passions fade, and the country declines, it is naturally difficult for individuals to be strong. Being born at the wrong time, all that is left is helplessness and sighs.

As the crown of the ten great talents of the Dali period, Lu Lun's poems certainly also have the common style characteristics of the Dali poets.

In particular, some of his farewell poems on the road are deeply marked by the Dali calendar.

The grass at the old pass is withered, and parting is sad.

The road leads beyond the cold clouds, and people return home in the evening snow.

I was orphaned at a young age and became a stranger early, so it was difficult for me to get to know you late.

I hide my tears and look at you in vain, where will we meet again?

The poem laments the poet's wandering life and the turbulent situation in the country. Thinking of the prospect of never seeing each other again in the future, he can't help but feel sad and unable to control himself.

Yun Kai's vision of Hanyang City is like a lonely sail.

The trader sleeps during the day and knows the waves are calm, while the boatman talks at night and feels the tide rising.

Sanxiang is worried about the autumn colors on the temples, and faces the bright moon when returning from thousands of miles away.

The old business has been wiped out with the battle, and it is even more worthy of the sound of drums and whistles on the river.

The poem is full of feelings of war-weariness, sadness about old age, and longing for home.

The style of the poem is elegant and profound, fluent and natural, and full of infinite meaning.

Lu Lun was orphaned at a young age, encountered chaos, failed the imperial examination, and became a wanderer.

Especially after experiencing the different prosperity and bleak life before and after the Anshi Rebellion, it is inevitable to sigh about the fate of the world and express one's feelings about life.

His emotional expression is often combined with the changes of the times and the scenery after the chaos, which appears to be real, natural and moving.

The east wind blows rain over the green mountains, but I see the grasses are idle at the thousands of doors.

When will my home in my dreams arrive? How many people will return to the river in spring?
The river and plains are surrounded by floating clouds, and the palaces are scattered in the setting sun.

Who would have thought that being a Confucian scholar is facing difficulties in this world, and I am alone in the Qin Pass with my gray hair.

The poet feels sad about the chaos of the times and misses home. The scene he sees is very desolate and his heart is very sad.

Against the backdrop of national decline, the vicissitudes of an era are vividly and fully displayed in Lu Lun's poems, which makes people sigh heavily thousands of years later.

Lu Lun's poems have a strong sense of his life experience and the times, so the emotions are sad and sorrowful, and the scenery and artistic conception are all connected with his mood.

Only a very small number of landscape poems are relaxed and leisurely without any sadness.

I moved the boat and tried to look back at home, the waves seemed to extend to the horizon.

At dusk, the pond is covered with snow, seagulls and willow flowers.

This poem reveals the beauty of natural scenery and the carefree mood of a carefree mind. It is refreshing and comfortable to read, a break from the author's usual melancholy style.

Lin Ancao was frightened by the wind, and the general drew his bow at night.

Pingming looked for Baiyu, but he was not in the stone ridge.

The poem describes a cautious night patrol by soldiers on the frontier. The characters are vivid and the momentum is majestic. The image of a heroic and brave general comes to life on the paper.

The moon geese flew high and fled in the night.

To drive Qingqi away, the snow is full of bows and knives.

The moon was dark, geese were calling, snow was falling heavily, and the enemy general was defeated and fled in panic. The general drew his bow and brandished his sword, riding his horse to chase after him.

A silent picture with a tense atmosphere shows the grandeur of victory. Amid the cruelty of the life-and-death duel, there is also a sense of romance.

I got sick due to traveling too much and had no food to eat, and I couldn’t even get home after traveling thousands of miles.

With disheveled hair, he groaned sadly under the ancient city, unable to bear the autumn air penetrating his wounds.

The poem describes a soldier who was wounded in the war and suffered a relapse of his injuries on his way back to his hometown, leaving him in poverty and hardship. The poem expresses the poet's hatred of war and his deep sympathy for the soldiers.

Lu Lun left behind more than 300 poems, mainly in the five- and seven-character regulated verse. Most of his poems expressing his feelings are real, vivid and full of deep emotion.

Frontier poems are majestic in style and generous in emotion.

His poems, both in terms of style and content, represent a transition from the High Tang Dynasty to the Middle Tang Dynasty.

Therefore, some poems, such as frontier poems, have a distinct atmosphere of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, while more poems carry the sentimental emotions of the Dali style.

In general, his poetry is highly praised by later generations.

Although Lu Lun had great ambitions, unfortunately he was born at the wrong time. His talent was not fully displayed, but he did achieve some success in poetry.

However, due to the turbulent times, his poetry style inevitably bore the scars of the times, and ultimately it was difficult for him to stand shoulder to shoulder with the great poets of the Tang Dynasty. (End of this chapter)