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Chapter 515: Tang Dynasty Poet Li Yi

Li Yi was one of the few long-lived poets in the Tang Dynasty, living to be over eighty years old.

In the fourth year of the Dali reign of Emperor Daizong of the Tang Dynasty, he passed the imperial examination and was listed as one of the ten talented men of the Dali period in a book after the Song Dynasty.

Li Yi achieved great success in poetry and was good at quatrains, especially seven-character ones. His frontier poems were also very famous. One of his poems, "Jiangnan Qu", was deeply rooted in people's hearts.

"Half dawn, half not yet dawn, I smell the fragrance of flowers when drunk and hear the fragrance of orioles when asleep."

"The sound of the bells shaken by the monkeys resonates with the feelings of Xiao Temple 20 years ago."

"The most disturbing and helpless thing in this world is love."

"Whether you spend your life together or live apart, it is always unforgettable."

"Whether you see it or not, it is a scar hidden deep in your heart."

“There are only two most unpredictable things in this world: the vast ocean and the ever-changing human heart.”

"You can't see through the depth of the ocean, and you can't see through the end of the human heart."

"Just like Yuan Zhen, the author of the poem "Spring Dawn", who had a sudden encounter with his first love Guan Er, which amazed his youth, but ended up with them forgetting each other forever."

"But Yuan Zhen still missed Guan'er 20 years later and wrote many poems in remembrance of her."

"He even used this incident as a prototype for his novel, The Story of Yingying, even though the world criticized and blamed him."

"Even if we can scold him for being young and frivolous, chasing fame and fortune, and being heartless and unfaithful, we must also record every bit of their love."

"Speaking of The Story of Yingying reminds me of another legendary novel from the mid-Tang Dynasty, The Story of Huo Xiaoyu, written by the poet Jiang Fang."

"In this novel, Jiang Fang describes the love entanglement between Huo Xiaoyu and Li Yi, presenting the world with another story of a lovelorn beauty and a fickle man."

"Li Yi fell in love with Huo Xiaoyu, who was originally the daughter of King Huo and a maid."

"After King Huo died, Huo Xiaoyu became a singing girl. Later, she met Li Yi and fell in love with him."

"Huo Xiaoyu knows her identity and it will be difficult for her to become a good match for Li Yi in the future."

"So they made an eight-year love agreement, hoping to spend eight years together, and then they would voluntarily become nuns."

"But after Li Yi passed the imperial examination, he quickly married someone else under the arrangement of his mother, forgetting the agreement with Huo Xiaoyu."

"As a result, Huo Xiaoyu died at the age of 20 in the midst of longing and waiting day after day."

"The Story of Huo Xiaoyu was nothing more than a tool used by Jiang Fang to discredit Li Yi and curry favor with his superiors in order to seek promotion."

"After the middle Tang Dynasty, the Niu-Li faction struggle became very serious, causing great unrest in the country, and many officials were implicated and even lost their lives."

"For example, Li Shangyin was caught in the middle of the conflict between the two parties and was depressed all his life."

"At that time, Yuan Zhen and Li Shen were both members of the Li Party, while Linghu Chu and Li Yi were members of the Niu Party."

"Jiang Fang was not only indebted to Yuan Zhen and Li Shen, but also a good friend of Bai Juyi. In order to flatter Yuan Zhen and suppress his enemies, he wrote The Story of Huo Xiaoyu."

"In fact, Jiang Fang's action did not bring him much benefit afterwards."

"After Yuan Zhen and Li Shen were dismissed from their posts, Jiang Fang was transferred out of the capital and died at the age of 44."

Su Shi: Li Yi was born in the fifth year of Tianbao and was a native of Didao, Longxi. His hometown, Longxi, was a strategic location.

In November of the 14th year of Tianbao, the Anshi Rebellion broke out.

In the second year of Guangde reign of Emperor Daizong, Li Yi's hometown was occupied by Tubo, and his family moved to the Central Plains and lived in Luoyang. Li Yi could never forget the painful fact of losing his hometown.

Li Yi spent his youth in the Central Plains, with studying and advancing in government as his only goal.

In the first year of Emperor Daizong's Yongtai reign, the Tang Dynasty announced the opening of the two capitals imperial examinations. Li Yi took part in the Henan prefectural examination in Luoyang, and then took part in the provincial examination, but failed.

In the fourth year of Emperor Daizong's Dali reign, Li Yi passed the imperial examination and became a Jinshi. In the fifth year of Dali reign, he went to Chang'an to take part in the imperial examination and later passed the imperial examination for outstanding candidates.

In the sixth year of the Dali period, he passed the imperial examination for the literary category and was appointed as a military officer in Henan Prefecture.

After the three-year term was over, he served as the chief clerk of Zheng County, Huazhou, mainly assisting the chief officer in managing clerical work.

At the end of his term, he was promoted to be Weinan County Magistrate, but Li Yi did not take up the post.

In the first year of Emperor Dezong's Jianzhong reign, the Tang Empire had already shown signs of separatist regimes.

Li Yi resolutely joined the army of Cui Ning, the governor of Shuofang, and began his nearly twenty years of military career with a passion to serve his country.

In the second year of Emperor Dezong's Jianzhong reign, Cui Ning was dismissed from his post and returned to the court due to the exclusion of Prime Minister Yang Yan, and Li Yi also had to return to the east.

In the fourth year of Jianzhong, Li Yi passed the examination for Zhongshupan Bacui and was appointed as Shiyushi.

In the first year of Xingyuan, the court appointed Fan Zexing, the former military commander of Shannan East Road, as the governor of Xiangzhou and the governor of Shannan East Road.

At the invitation of Fan Ze, Li Yi went to Xiangyang to serve as the chief secretary. This was his second time to join the army.

In the first year of Tang Xingyuan, Zhu Tao, the governor of Youzhou's Lulong Army, appointed Li Yi as the observation envoy of the Lulong Army, but he did not take up the post.

Around the end of the first year of Xingyuan or the first year of Zhenyuan, Li Yi joined the army for the third time and followed the army of Tang Chaochen, the governor of Langfang.

In July of the second year of Zhenyuan, the Tang court official was transferred to be the Great Protector of Shanyu and served as the Jiedushi of Zhenwu Suiyin, and Lun Weiming succeeded him as the Jiedushi of Fufang.

Li Yi did not follow the Tang officials to Zhenwu. He wrote poems such as "Sending Judge Liu to Zhenwu" and "Sending Guests Back to Zhenwu".

In order to see others off, he stayed in Lun Weiming's shogunate and continued to serve as the chief secretary.

In Lun Weiming's court, Li Yi met Liu Zhen, Liu Zongyuan's uncle.

In November of the third year of Zhenyuan, Lun Weiming died while in office. Li Yi ended his military service and returned to his home in Luoyang.

In the fourth year of Zhenyuan, at the invitation of Zhang Xianfu, the governor of Bining, he worked as a secretary in his court.

During his time in Bining, Li Yi interacted with famous poets such as Meng Jiao, Li Guan, and Liu Zongyuan.

The poems he created during this period mainly include "Climbing the Huangdui Beacon", "Spring Day in Bining", "Farewell on the Way to Bining", etc.

In this year, Lu Jingliang, who was serving as Zuobuque, asked Li Yi to compile his military poems for his appreciation.

So Li Yi collected fifty poems from his previous works and presented them to Lu Jingliang, and wrote a preface - "Preface to Military Poems".

Li Yi left Bining and ended his fifth military service.

In the eleventh year of Zhenyuan, Li Yi married his first wife, Mrs. Lu.

Shortly after his marriage, Li Yi went south for the second time and stayed in Yangzhou in the spring of the twelfth year of Zhenyuan.

During this period, he met the young poet Liu Yuxi, and they enjoyed each other's company, drinking and writing poetry together.

The two wanderings expanded the subject matter and content of Li Yi's poetry, and he created a large number of poems, among which the more famous ones include "Farewell to a Guest in Yangzhou" and "Song of the Bian River".

Around the 17th year of Zhenyuan, Li Yi set out from Luoyang and headed north.

He first went to Hedong and then to Hebei. Along the way, he created poems such as "Seeing the Moon at Shilou Mountain" and "North to Taiyuan".

Later he arrived in Youzhou, where the Jiedushi Liu Ji kept him in his shogunate and recruited him as a staff member. He was later promoted to deputy envoy of Yingtian. This was Li Yi's sixth and last time to join the army.

Liu Ji valued Li Yi's talent very much, which made him doubly grateful. In addition to his years of wandering, he angrily wrote the poem "I am grateful for the land and I don't go to the Wangjing Tower".

Around the 15th year of Zhenyuan, Li Yi left Liu Ji's court, ending his nearly 20 years of military life since the first year of Jianzhong.

Around the first year of the Yuanhe reign of Emperor Xianzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yi entered the court as a doctor of the capital. In the third year of the Yuanhe reign, Li Yi, together with Yang Yuling, Wei Guanzhi and others, served as examiners for the category of virtuous, upright and outspoken. Niu Sengru and Li Zongmin, who passed the examination, pointed out the current ills and offended the powerful.

Prime Minister Li Jifu took this opportunity to exclude dissidents. Yang Yuling, Wei Guanzhi and others were all demoted, and Niu Sengru and others were also excluded.

Although Li Yi also upheld justice, he was not exiled because his attitude was not as firm as that of Yang, Wei and others.

At this time, Tang Muzong had just come to power, but he wanted to follow the example of Tang Xuanzong and go to Huaqing Palace for vacation. Li Yi, Li Jiang and others tried their best to dissuade him, but Muzong would not listen and insisted on going to Huaqing Palace via Fudao.

Afterwards, Li Bo, the Minister of Examination, suggested that Li Yi should be promoted because he advised against visiting Huaqing Palace, but Muzong did not listen.

In the first year of the Dahe reign of Emperor Wenzong of the Tang Dynasty, Li Yi served as the Minister of Rites and resigned two years later.

In the third year of the Dahe period, Li Yi died in his private residence in Yijiaoli, Luoyang, the eastern capital, at the age of eighty-four.

"But Li Yi lived to be 84 years old. From then on, he had no desire to enjoy the good night and just let the bright moon go down to the west tower."

"This poem, "Writing Love," is a true record of the emotions between Li Yi and Huo Xiaoyu."

"Li Yi was stood up for no reason, and the blood of the man who had served in the frontier for many years was aroused."

"The loss of his lover has made Li Yi miserable and desperate, but since you don't value this relationship, I don't need to keep you!"

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"You are you, I am me, let's cut off our relationship once and for all, we have nothing to do with each other anymore."

"Li Yi may have let Huo Xiaoyu down, but it is definitely not as bad as Jiang Fang wrote in "The Story of Huo Xiaoyu"."

"Li Yi had a 20-year career as a frontier garrisoner. He was the poet who spent the longest time on the frontier in the Tang Dynasty. He was also a rare long-lived poet in the Tang Dynasty. He wrote many frontier poems."

"Somewhere in the moonlit night, someone is leaning on a sword under the white clouds."

"The wild geese are still flying across the border while the singing of the swallows continues. The herds of horses are neighing and the grass is green."

"I don't know where the reed pipe is blowing, and all the soldiers miss their homeland all night long."

"After the snow on Tianshan Mountain, the sea breeze is cold, and the flute is playing sideways, making the journey difficult."

"Most of them express the resentment of soldiers who have been stationed at the border for a long time and miss their hometown, and the mood is a bit sad."

"But I would like to share a rare and passionate work by Li Yi, which is powerful and domineering."

"Fubo only wishes to return with his body wrapped in a veil, why should Dingyuan enter the pass alive?"

"Don't let the wheel return to the sea cave, but keep one arrow to shoot at Tianshan Mountain."

"This poem is just four lines long, but each line contains an allusion, citing classics and is full of vigor and momentum."

"Fubo only wishes to return with his body wrapped in a veil, why should Dingyuan enter the pass alive?"

"Fubo is a title for generals in ancient times. Different generals have different abilities and are given different titles."

"Ma Yuan returned triumphantly from a southern expedition. He was 58 years old at the time, and his good friends came to him to express their condolences and congratulations."

"A man should die in the frontier, wrapped in horsehide and buried. Why should he lie in bed in the hands of his children?"

"Dingyuan refers to Ban Chao. Ban Chao was named Marquis Dingyuan and lived in the Western Regions for 31 years. In his old age, he wrote to the emperor, begging to return home."

"The depths of the vast ocean, here referring to the enemy's lair deep in the desert."

"Zhilun originally means any wheel, and here it means any person."

"When Xue Rengui was on a western expedition to the Turks, the two sides were fighting. The enemy sent dozens of elites to challenge him. Xue Rengui fired three arrows in a row, killing three of them."

"The rest of the troops were terrified upon seeing this and dared not fight anymore, so they surrendered."

"So the story spread among the army that the general conquered Tianshan with three arrows, and the warriors sang long songs as they entered the Han Pass."

"I would rather die in battle at the border like Ma Yuan, a general of the Eastern Han Dynasty, and be buried wrapped in his horse's hide, than return to Yumen Pass alive like Ban Chao did."

"We should swear to defend the border and annihilate the enemy with all our strength. We will not let go of any enemy who dares to invade us, and we will make them never dare to invade again!"

"The whole poem uses the stories of three famous generals in succession to praise the fearless heroism of the soldiers guarding the border."

“It is vigorous, powerful, and majestic. The patriotic sentiment in it makes people's hearts surge. It is worthy of being a masterpiece for all ages.”

Li Qingzhao: There is a famous story in the Tang Dynasty legends called "The Story of Huo Xiaoyu", which tells the love tragedy between Huo Xiaoyu and Li Yi.

Huo Xiaoyu and her daughter were originally maids in Prince Huo's mansion. After Prince Huo passed away, they were driven out of the mansion.

In order to make a living, Huo Xiaoyu fell into prostitution.

When Huo Xiaoyu was 16 years old, she met Li Yi, a talented man who came to Beijing to take the imperial examination. The two hit it off and fell in love.

Knowing that she was of low status, Huo Xiaoyu made an agreement with Li Yi that they would get along well for eight years and spend the best time of each other's lives.

Eight years later, Li Yi had just turned thirty, which did not affect his search for a good partner.

The oath is beautiful, but the reality is cruel.

Two years later, Li Yi passed the imperial examination and was sent to Hua County as the chief clerk.

In order to gain fame, fortune and power, he immediately married the daughter of a wealthy family.

After that, Huo Xiaoyu became depressed, fell ill from lovesickness, and eventually died.

This story was written into a novel by the scholar Jiang Fang at the time and has been passed down to this day.

Look at what Li Yi did, he was a scumbag, but this scumbag later lived to be over 80 years old and became a famous poet in the middle Tang Dynasty.

Li Yi was from Gansu. When he was a teenager, his family moved to Zhengzhou due to the invasion of Tubo.

After he passed the imperial examination, he worked as a clerical worker in the barracks for a long time.

During this period, he wrote many frontier poems, such as "A few places are playing the horns on a moonlit night, and who is leaning on the sword in the white cloud sky"?

Li Yi is a very talented person. Although his character is not very good, he is very capable.

After nearly 20 years of training in the military camp, he returned to Chang'an to serve as an official in his middle age.

Although many people despise Li Yi's character, his poems can still be evaluated fairly.

Overall, as far as the subject of frontier poems is concerned, Li Yi wrote the best in the middle Tang Dynasty.

He has military experience and understands the cruelty of war and the bravery of soldiers.

At that time, there were constant wars between the Tang Dynasty and Tubo, with casualties on both sides.

Li Yi was deeply moved by the heroism of ordinary soldiers of the Tang Dynasty. In his poems, the soldiers of the Tang Dynasty seemed to be assisted by gods and were invincible.

In his frontier poems, Li Yi not only expressed his lofty ambitions and heroic spirit, but also dared to expose the incompetence of the imperial court and the corruption of the generals guarding the border.

This is a theme rarely touched upon by poets of his time, which shows that Li Yi was not without some good points.

During the mid-Tang Dynasty, Li Yi's poems were so popular that many people forgot the mistakes he made in his youth.

Li Yi attached great importance to popularity when writing poetry, and he liked to incorporate spoken language into his poems.

At the same time, Li Yi had some knowledge of music, and he hoped that his poems could be sung, so he paid special attention to the beauty of rhyme in his creation.

What would have happened if Li Yi had not let down Huo Xiaoyu's feelings when he was young?
Frankly speaking, Li Yi's behavior is not unforgivable, but in the eyes of modern people, he is still a heartless and unfaithful man. (End of this chapter)

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